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Pharmacy Study Program, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Sam Ratulangi University, Manado, North Sulawesi, Indonesia, 95115
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INDONESIA
PHARMACON
Published by Universitas Sam Ratulangi
ISSN : 23022493     EISSN : 27214923     DOI : 10.35799
Core Subject : Health,
Medicine & Pharmacology
Pharmacon is the journal published by Pharmacy Study Program, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Sam Ratulangi University, Indonesia (P-ISSN: 2302-2493 E-ISSN: 2721-4923). Pharmacon was established in 2012 and published four times a year. Pharmacon is an open access journal and has been indexed by main indexing Google Scholar, GARUDA, Crossref.
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Articles 1,131 Documents
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PENGARUH PENYULUHAN PENGGUNAAN ANTIBIOTIKA TERHADAP TINGKAT PENGETAHUAN MASYARAKAT DI KOTA MANADO Wowiling, Chalvy; Goenawi, Lily Ranti; Citraningtyas, Gayatri
PHARMACON Vol 2, No 3 (2013): pharmacon
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/pha.2.2013.2327

Abstract

ABSTRACTThe high number of inappropriate of antibiotics in community due to lack of knowledgeabout the use of antibiotics may lead the increasing of antibiotic resistance. This study aimedto measure the people’s knowledge before and after following health education and analyzethe effect of health education of antibiotic administration to community knowledge. This is apre-experimental study in community with one group pretest-posttest design using aquestionnaire. Result of this study show the number of respondent with lack of knowledgebefore the education is 53,3% decrease after education which is 17,3%, number of respondentwith quite good increase from 37,3% become 42,7%, and respondent with good knowledgeincrease from 9,3% become 40%. Mean of knowledge score after following health education70,53 is higher than before following health education 55,53, so H1 is accepted withsignificant value 0.000 (p<0,05). Health education can increase public knowledge aboutantibiotic administration.Keywords : antibiotic, health education , people of Manado City
EFEKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK DAUN PACAR AIR (Impatiens balsamina L.) TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN Porphyromonas gingivalis Sapara, Thresia U.
PHARMACON Vol 5, No 4 (2016): Pharmacon
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Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/pha.5.2016.13968

Abstract

EFEKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK DAUN PACAR AIR (Impatiens balsamina L.) TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN Porphyromonas gingivalis Thresia U. Sapara1), Olivia Waworuntu1), Juliatri1) 1) Program Studi Pendidikan Dokter Gigi Fakultas Kedokteran UNSRAT Manado, 95115   ABSTRACT Chronic Periodontitis is an infection of the periodontal tissue that usually slow. The main cause of this disease periodontitis is Porphyromonas gingivalis which is a Gram-negative and anaerobic bacteria colonize in the mouth tissue. Resistance of Porphyromonas gingivalis against antibiotics allows the use of herbal medicines from natural materials into one of the alternatives in the treatment of chronic periodontitis. Garden balsam is one of natural compounds in Indonesia and used as a medicinal herb. The leaves of garden balsam (Impatiens balsamina L.) is believed to have a pharmacological effect, because it contains flavonoids, steroids, saponins, tannins, and quinones as antibacterial. This study aims to determine the antibacterial effect of garden balsam leaves extract in inhibiting Porphyromonas gingivalis growth and how strong the effect of the extract refers on inhibiting zone. This experimental study was done by a modified Kirby-bauer method using sinks. The leaves of garden balsam were taken from Perkamil, Paal Dua Manado then they were extracted with maceration method using 96% ethanol. Porphyromonas gingivalis were taken from a pure stock of Microbiology Laboratory on Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar and cultured in the Pharmacy Laboratory on Faculty of Science Sam Ratulangi University. The results showed an total diameter of inhibition zone of garden balsam leaves extract against Porphyromonas gingivalis is 59,5 mm with average 11,9 mm. In conclusion, the leaves of garden balsam extract have an antibacterial effect in inhibiting Porphyromonas gingivalis. Inhibition zone of garden balsam leaves extract against Porphyromonas gingivalis is 11,9 mm. Keywords: garden balsam leaves (Impatiens balsamina L.), Porphyromonas gingivalis, antibacterial ABSTRAK Periodontitis kronis merupakan infeksi pada jaringan periodontal yang biasanya berjalan lambat. Penyebab utama penyakit periodontitis ini ialah bakteri Porphyromonas gingivalis yang merupakan bakteri anaerob Gram negatif dan berkoloni dalam jaringan mulut. Resistennya Porphyromonas gingivalis terhadap obat antibiotik memungkinkan penggunaan obat herbal dari bahan alam menjadi salah satu alternatif dalam perawatan periodontitis kronis. Tanaman pacar air merupakan salah satu bahan alam di Indonesia yang digunakan sebagai obat herbal. Daun pacar air (Impatiens balsamina L.) dipercaya memiliki efek farmakologis, karena mengandung senyawa flavonoid, steroid, saponin, tanin, dan kuinon yang bersifat antibakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas antibakteri ekstrak daun pacar air dalam menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Porphyromonas gingivalis serta menilai besar daya hambat ekstrak daun pacar air terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri Porphyromonas gingivalis dilihat dari zona hambatnya. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental dengan metode modifikasi Kirby-bauer menggunakan sumuran. Sampel daun pacar air diambil dari daerah Perkamil Kecamatan Paal Dua Manado kemudian diekstraksi dengan metode maserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol 96%. Bakteri Porphyromonas gingivalis diambil dari stok bakteri murni Laboratorium Mikrobiologi Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Hasanuddin Makasar dan dikultur di Laboratorium Farmasi Fakultas MIPA Universitas Sam Ratulangi Manado. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan total diameter zona hambat ekstrak daun pacar air terhadap Porphyromonas gingivalis sebesar 59,5 mm dengan nilai rata-rata sebesar 11,9 mm. Berdasarkan penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan ekstrak daun pacar air memiliki efek antibakteri dalam menghambat pertumbuhan Porphyromonas gingivalis. Zona hambat ekstrak daun pacar air terhadap pertumbuhan Porphyromonas gingivalis sebesar 11,9 mm.   Kata kunci: Daun pacar air (Impatiens balsamina L.), Porphyromonas gingivalis, antibakteri
DESKRIPSI HEMATOLOGI KELELAWAR DI GUNUNG TANGKOKO BERDASARKAN PEMERIKSAAN DARAH LENGKAP Saimina, Arie; de Queljoe, Edwin; Lengkong, Hanry
PHARMACON Vol 8, No 3 (2019)
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Abstract

ABSTRACT This study aimed to describe the hematological data of several bat species netted on Mount Tangkoko based on a complete blood examination. Purposive Random Sampling method was used for field sampling, Mistnet method was used for bats sampling and Screening Test method was used for hematological examination. Blood was examined using the Abx Micros 60 Hiruba Medical machine. The examined blood components were erythrocytes, leukocytes, haemoglobin, haematocrit, and platelets/thrombocytes. The examination results showed that each blood component had different amount compared to humans, some other mammals with relativity in size and some other birds. The highest leukocyte count was found in T. nigrescens which was 28.00 ± 19.04 × 103/mm3. The highest erythrocyte count was found in T. nigrescens which was 13.45 ± 1.52 × 106/mm3. The highest haemoglobin and haematocrit count were found in R. amplexicaudatus which were 19.70 ± 1.89 g/dl and 65.70 ± 5.65%. The highest platelet/thrombocyte count was found in T. nigrescens which was 975.2 ± 239.03 × 103/mm3. Keywords: Bats, Mount Tangkoko, Erythrocytes, Leukocytes, Haemoglobin, Haematocrit, Platelets  ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan data hematologi beberapa spesies kelelawar yang terjaring di Gunung Tangkoko berdasarkan pemeriksaan darah lengkap. Sampling lokasi menggunakan metode Purposive Random Sampling, penangkapan kelelawar menggunakan metode Mistnet dan pemeriksaan hematologi menggunakan metode Screening Test. Darah diperiksa menggunakan mesin Abx Micros 60 Hiruba Medical. Hasil menunjukan lima komponen darah yaitu eritrosit, leukosit, hemoglobin, hematokrit, dan platelet/trombosit masing-masing memiliki perbedaan dengan manusia dan beberapa spesies mamalia lain dengan ukuran yang relatif sama serta beberapa spesies burung sebagai pembanding. Nilai leukosit tertinggi terdapat pada spesies T. nigrescens yaitu 28,00 ± 19,04 × 103/mm3. Nilai eritrosit tertinggi terdapat pada spesies T. nigrescens yaitu 13,45 ± 1,52 × 106/mm3. Nilai hemoglobin dan hematokrit tertinggi terdapat pada spesies R. amplexicaudatus yaitu masing-masing 19,70 ± 1,89 g/dl dan 65,70 ± 5,65%. Nilai platelet/trombosit tertinggi terdapat pada spesies T. nigrescens yaitu 975,2 ± 239,03 × 103/mm3. Kata kunci : Kelelawar, Gunung Tangkoko, Leukosit, Eritrosit, Hemoglobin, Hematokrit, Leukosit
ISOLASI DAN UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI DARI BAKTERI YANG BERASOSIASI DENGAN ALGA TURBINARIA ORNATA (TURNER) J. AGARDH SERTA IDENTIFIKASI SECARA BIOKIMIA. Kosasi, Cicilia; Lolo, Widya; Sudewi, Sri
PHARMACON Vol 8, No 2 (2019)
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Abstract

ABSTRACT Algae are a place to live for various microorganisms? symbiosis with them, and some of them were known to be used as antibacterial. This study aims to determine the antibacterial activity of associated bacteria isolates from Turbinaria ornata algae obtained from the Bay of Manado against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria. In the course of testing the isolation and purification of symbiotic bacteria from Turbinaria ornata algae, then antibacterial activity was testing using agar diffusion method, then gram staining and biochemical tests were carried out including motility test,  tets, carbohydrate fermentation test, citrate test, lysine test, indole test and catalase test. The result showed  that there were 3 bacterial isolates, which had antibacterial activity in medium category against S.aureus and E.coli bacteria. Based on the results of biochemical identification, the isolates that have the greatest inhibitory power, they were thought to belong to genus Bacillus and the genus Yersinia.Keywords : Antibacterial, Symbionic bacteria, Turbinaria ornata (Turner) J.   Agardh. ABSTRAK Alga merupakan tempat hidup berbagai mikroorganisme yang bersimbiosis dengannya, dan beberapa dari spesies alga diketahui sering dimanfaatkan salah satunya  sebagai antibakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui adanya aktivitas antibakteri dari isolat bakteri yang berasosiasi dengan alga Turbinaria ornata yang diperoleh dari Teluk Manado terhadap bakteri  Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli. Dalam pengujian dilakukan isolasi dan purfifikasi bakteri simbion dari alga Turbinari ornata, kemudian dilakukan pengujian aktivitas antibakteri menggunakan metode difusi agar, selanjutnya silakukan pewarnaan gram dan uji biokimia meliputi uji motilitas, uji H2S, uji fermentasi karbohidrat, uji sitrat, uji lisin, uji indol dan uji katalase. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 3 isolat bakteri yang mempunyai daya aktivitas antibakteri dalam kategori sedang terhadap bakteri S. aureus dan E. coli. Berdasarkan hasil identifikasi secara biokimia isolat yang mempunyai daya hambat paling besar diduga termasuk dalam genus Bacillus dan genus Yersinia. Kata kunci : Antibakteri, Bakteri simbion, Turbinaria ornata (Turner) J. Agardh.
HUBUNGAN ANTARA ASUPAN ENERGI DENGAN STATUS GIZI PADA PELAJAR DI SMP KRISTEN TATELI KECAMATAN MANDOLANG KABUPATEN MINAHASA Wawointana, Vallen I.
PHARMACON Vol 5, No 1 (2016): Pharmacon
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Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/pha.5.2016.11252

Abstract

HUBUNGAN ANTARA ASUPAN ENERGI DENGAN STATUS GIZI PADA PELAJAR DI SMP KRISTEN TATELI KECAMATAN MANDOLANG KABUPATEN MINAHASA Vallen I. Wawointana1), Nancy S.H Malonda1), Maureen I. Punuh1) 1)Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat Universitas Sam Ratulangi Manado ABSTRACT Adolescence is a period that is considered vulnerable nutrition. Nutritional problems in adolescents arise because the wrong nutritional behavior, namely the imbalance between nutritional intake with the recommended dietary allowance. Nutritional problems that can occur in adolescents is malnutrition (under weight), obesity (over weight) and anemia. Based on data from basic medical research (Riskesdas) in 2010, a presentation of nutritional status in adolescents aged 13-15 years according to the categories of body mass index (BMI) of North Sulawesi very meager 0.7%, 5.3% underweight 90.5% normal and 3.4% fat. From this data, obesity is high compared with the average Indonesia is 2.5%. Research was in SMP Kristen Tateli Kecamatan Mandolang Kabupaten Minahasa, conducted in September-December 2015, and this type of research using analytic survey research with cross-sectional design. Total sample of 11 respondents who meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Types of data collected used interview, 24-hour food recall questionnaire and Anthropometric measurements (Height and Weight). The results of this study indicate that the nutritional status were quite as many as 95 students (81.2%) and as many as 67 students (57.3%) had a good energy intake. From these results it can be concluded that there is a relationship between energy intake and nutritional status based on test spearmen correlation r = 0.183 and p = 0.048 (p <0.05). Key Words : Adolescence, Energy Intake, Nutritional Status ABSTRAK Usia remaja merupakan periode yang dikategorikan rentan gizi. Masalah gizi pada remaja muncul dikarenakan perilaku gizi yang salah, yaitu ketidakseimbangan antara konsumsi gizi dengan kecukupan gizi yang dianjurkan. Masalah gizi yang dapat terjadi pada remaja adalah gizi kurang (under weight), obesitas (over weight) dan anemia. Berdasarkan data riset kesehatan dasar (Riskesdas)  tahun 2010, presentasi status gizi pada  remaja  umur 13 – 15 tahun menurut kategori Indeks Masa Tubuh (IMT) untuk Provinsi Sulawesi Utara 0,7% sangat kurus, 5,3% kurus 90,5% normal, dan gemuk 3,4%. Dari data ini obesitas tergolong tinggi dibandingkan dengan rata-rata Indonesia yaitu 2,5%.  Penelitian ini dilakukan pada pelajar di SMP Kristen Tateli Kecamatan Mandolang Kabupaten Minahasa, dilakukan pada bulan September – Desember 2015 dan jenis penelitian ini menggunakan  penelitian survey analitik dengan desain cross-sectional. Jumlah sampel 117 responden yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan ekslusi. Jenis data yang dikumpulkan menggunakkan metode wawancara, kuesioner food recall 24 jam dan pengukuran Antropometri (Tinggi Badan, dan Berat Badan). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa status gizi yang cukup sebanyak 95 pelajar (81,2%) dan sebanyak 67 pelajar (57,3%) memiliki asupan energi yang baik. Dari hasil tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada hubungan antara asupan energi dengan status gizi berdasarkan uji korelasi spearmen r = 0,183 dan p = 0,048 (p < 0,05). Kata Kunci : Remaja, Asupan Energi, Status Gizi  
ANALISIS EFEKTIVITAS BIAYA (COST EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS) PADA PENGOBATAN PASIEN MALARIA FALCIPARUM DI RSUD NABIRE Refasi, Ninsi L.
PHARMACON Vol 7, No 2 (2018): Pharmacon
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Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/pha.7.2018.19365

Abstract

ANALISIS EFEKTIVITAS BIAYA (COST EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS) PADA PENGOBATAN PASIEN MALARIA FALCIPARUM DI RSUD NABIRENinsi Lelantina Refasi1), Widya Astuty Lolo1), Widdhi Bodhi1)  1)Program Studi Farmasi FMIPA UNSRAT Manado, 95115 ABSTRACTCost Effectiveness Analysis (CEA) is a pharmacoeconomic method described in a cost-effectiveness ratio in order to assist making the effective drug selection decisions by benefit and cost. The aim of this study was to establish a more cost effectiveness therapy between the use of a combination of quinine-primaquine and a combination of artesunate-primaquine in falciparum malaria patient. This research uses descriptive research method with retrospective data retrieval. The sample in this study consisted of 36 patients, which are 23 patients using quinine-primaquine and 13 patient using artesunate-primaquine. The result of this study obtained from the comparison of ACER value of ACER value quinine-primaquine (Rp. 15.523) greater than the value of ACER artesunate-primaquine (Rp. 12.479), and also seen on ICER calculation result -0.284, so the use of more expensive drugs effective artesunate-primaquine compared with quinine-primaquine.Keywords : Cost Effectiveness Analysis, Malaria Falciparum, Combination of Quinine-Primaquine, Combination of Artesunate-Primaquine ABSTRAK Analisis Efektivitas biaya (CEA) merupakan metode farmakoekonomi yang digambarkan dalam rasio biaya-efektivitas agar dapat membantu pengambilan keputusan dalam memilih obat yang efektif secara manfaat dan biaya. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menentukkan terapi yang lebih cost-effective antara penggunaan kombinasi kina-primakuin dan kombinasi artesunat-primakuin pada pasien malaria falciparum. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian deskriptif dengan pengambilan data secara retrospektif. Sampel pada penelitian ini terdiri dari 36 pasien yaitu 23 pasien yang menggunakan kombinasi kina-primakuin dan 13 pasien yang menggunakan kombinasi artesunat-primakuin. Hasil penelitian ini diperoleh dari perbandingan nilai ACER yaitu nilai  ACER kombinasi kina-primakuin (Rp.15.523) lebih besar dari nilai ACER kombinasi artesunat-primakuin (Rp.12.479), serta dilihat juga pada hasil perhitungan ICER yaitu -0.284,  sehingga penggunaan obat yang lebih cost-effective yaitu kombinasi artesunat-primakuin dibanding dengan kombinasi kina-primakuin.Kata kunci : Analisis Efektivitas Biaya, Malaria Falciparum, Kombinasi Kina-Primakuin, Kombinasi Artesunat-Primakuin    
DAYA REDUKSI MERKURI ISOLAT BAKTERI YANG DIISOLASI DARI URINE PASIEN DI PUSKESMAS BAHU MANADO Fatimawali, Fatimawali
PHARMACON Vol 2, No 3 (2013): pharmacon
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Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/pha.2.2013.3896

Abstract

The aim of this research was to analyze mercury reduction power from patient urine with teeth amalgam which used for mercury detoxification. The research was descriptive which isolate 5 samples of patient urine from Bahu PUSKESMAS. Bacteria were grow in a media wich consist of 5, 10, 20, 40 and 60 ppm of HgCl2. Bacteria which grow in the highest concentration of mercury were identified and tested it reduction power against HgCl2. The result shows that there were 3 isolates which bacteria can grow with HgCl2 60 ppm namely Isolate U1.3, U3.1, and U3.3. Identification result found that isolate U1.3 and U3.1 were positive gram bacteria, rod, and motil, although U3.3 was negative gram bacteria, rod and not motil. Result of mercury reduction shows that in 24 hours, the three isolates reduce 100% mercury in nutrient broth, it concluded that isolates were highly resistant mecury bacteria. It can be used to detoxify mercury.   Key words : mercury reduction, urine, PUSKESMAS
GAMBARAN POSISI KERJA DAN KELUHAN GANGGUAN MUSCULOSKELETAL PADA PETANI PADI DI DESA KIAWA 1 BARAT KECAMATAN KAWANGKOAN UTARA Malonda, Christia E.
PHARMACON Vol 5, No 4 (2016): Pharmacon
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Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/pha.5.2016.14045

Abstract

GAMBARAN POSISI KERJA DAN KELUHAN GANGGUAN MUSCULOSKELETAL PADA PETANI PADI DI DESA KIAWA 1 BARAT KECAMATAN KAWANGKOAN UTARA Christia E. Malonda1), Paul A.T Kawatu1), Diana Vanda Doda1) 1)Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat UNSRAT Manado, 95115 ABSTRACT Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorder are common in workplaces. Working with a static posture and continuously working within a long period of time can potentially cause musculoskeletal disorder (MDs) complaint. Farmers in West Kiawa 1 Village still uses traditional ways or manual material handling method in doing their job, particularly the task of planting rise. The aims of this research is to assess the risk level of working posture and the level of MSDs complaints among rice farmers of West Kiawa 1 Village North Kawangkoan subdistrict. This research is a descriptive studies. The instruments were REBA questionnaires to assess the level of risk and Nordic Body Map to identify the level of MSDs complants. There were 21 farmers participated in this research. The result shows that farmers who undertake awkward working posture were experience a moderate risk are as much as 17 farmers (18,0%), and high risk as much as 4 farmers (19,0%). There are 3 farmers (14,3%) who experience low level of musculoskeletal complaint, 17 farmers (81,0%) have moderate level of MSD, and 1 farmer (4,7%) has high level of MSD. This research concludes that planting rice task that require bending position continuously for a long periode of time may increase the physical workload and may lead to musculoskeletal complaints. Keywords: Farmer, Work Posture, Musculoskeletal Disorder ABSTRAK Musculoskeletal masih sering dialami pekerja di tempat kerja. Pekerjaan dengan sikap kerja statis dan dilakukan secara terus menerus dalam waktu lama dapat berpotensi menimbulkan keluhan musculoskeletal disorder (MSDs). Petani di Desa Kiawa 1 Barat masih menggunakan cara tradisional atau manual dalam melakukan pekerjaan khususnya saat menanam padi. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengevaluasi tingkat resiko dari keluhan gangguan musculoskeletal (MSD) dan identifikasi tingkat keluhan MSD pada petani padi di Desa Kiawa 1 Barat Kecamatan Kawangkoan Utara. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah kuesioner REBA untuk menilai tingkat resiko MSD dan Nordic Body Map untuk mengidentifikasi tingkat keluhan MSD pada petani. 21 petani yang telah memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi berpartisipasi dalam penelitian ini. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa petani yang melakukan posisi kerja dengan tingkat resiko sedang berjumlah 17 orang (81,0%), dan tingkat resiko tinggi berjumah 4 orang (19,0%) dan petani yang mengalami keluhan musculoskeletal dengan tingkat resiko rendah berjumlah 3 orang (14,3%), tingkat resiko sedang berjumlah 17 orang (81,0%), dan tingkat resiko tinggi berjumah 1 orang (4,7%). Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini yaitu pekerjaan menanam padi melibatkan posisi kerja membungkuk secara terus-menerus yang akan meningkatkan beban kerja fisik dan bisa menyebabkan keluhan musculoskeletal. Kata kunci: Petani, Posisi Kerja, Keluhan Musculoskeletal
UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN STYLISSA SP. DENGAN METODE DPPH (1,1-DIFENIL-2-PIKRILHIDRAZIL) Ikhrar, Muhammad Setiawan; Yudistira, Adithya; Wewengkang, Defny
PHARMACON Vol 8, No 4 (2019)
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Abstract

ABSTRACTThis study aims to analyze the antioxidant activity of Stylissa sp., sponge. The Stylissa sp., sponge sample was obtained from the Lembeh Strait, waters Bitung. This research is an experimental laboratory by testing the ethanol extracts of Stylissa sp., sponge using DPPH method (1,1-diphenil2-pikrihidrazil) to analyze antioxidant activity using a spectrophotometer. The results of this study show the antioxidant levels of the Stylissa sp., sponge in the Lembeh Strait waters have antioxidant activity and the higher the concentration the higher the antioxidant levels produced. The greatest antioxidant level is found in Stylissa sp., sponge with a concentration of 100 mg / L.Keywords : Antioxidants, DPPH, Sponge Stylissa sp ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis aktivitas antioksidan dari Stylissa sp. Sampel Spons Stylissa sp di peroleh dari perairan Selat Lembeh, Bitung. Penelitian ini merupakan eksperimental laboratorium dengan pengujian terhadap ektrak etanol Spons Stylissa sp dengan metode DPPH (1,1-diphenil-2-pikrihidrazil) untuk menganalisis aktivitas antioksidan dengan menggunakan sprektrofotometer. Hasil penelitian ini memperlihatkan kadar antioksidan dari Spons Stylissa sp di perairan Selat Lembeh mempunyai aktivitas antioksidan dan semakin tinggi konsenstrasi semakin tinggi pula kadar antioksidan yang dihasilkan. Kadar antioksidan yang paling besar terdapat pada Spons Stylissa sp dengan konsentrasi 100 mg/L.Kata kunci : Antioksidan, DPPH, Spons Stylissa sp
EVALUASI PENYIMPANAN DAN DISTRIBUSI OBAT ANTI TUBERKULOSIS DI DINAS KESEHATAN PROVINSI SULAWESI UTARA Kaunang, Tiara Davne
PHARMACON Vol 4, No 3 (2015): Pharmacon
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Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/pha.4.2015.8857

Abstract

EVALUASI PENYIMPANAN DAN DISTRIBUSI OBAT ANTI TUBERKULOSIS DI DINAS KESEHATAN PROVINSI SULAWESI UTARA Tiara Davne Kaunang1), Adeanne C. Wullur2), Gayatri Citraningtyas1) 1)Program Studi Farmasi FMIPA UNSRAT Manado, 95115 2)POLTEKKES Manado   ABSTRACT                Tuberculosis is an infection of infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, acid-resistant aerobic bacillus transmitted through the air (airborne). Storage and distribution problems of Anti-Tuberculosis Drugs (ATD) can lead to reduced quality of the drug and a mismatch between the need and availability of ATD. This study aimed to evaluate the storage and distribution of ATD from Health Departmen of North Sulawesi Province to Health Department of Manado City to Tikala Baru, Ranotana Weru and Tuminting District Health Center using observational methods descriptive and evaluative with retrospectively and prospectively data collected. The results showed that the storage and distribution of ATD in Health Departmen of North Sulawesi Province, Health Department of Manado City, Tikala Baru, Ranotana Weru, and Tuminting District Health Center not appropiate with the regulations of logistics management guidelines tuberculosis program Ministry of Health of the Republic Indonesia. Keywords: storage, distribution, tuberculosis, Health Departmen, District Health Center.   ABSTRAK Tuberkulosis adalah infeksi penyakit menular yang disebabkan oleh Mycobacterium tuberculosis, basil aerobik tahan asam yang ditularkan melalui udara (airborne). Permasalahan dalam proses penyimpanan dan distribusi Obat Anti Tuberkulosis (OAT) dapat mengakibatkan berkurangnya kualitas obat dan ketidaksesuaian antara kebutuhan dan ketersediaan OAT. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi penyimpanan dan distribusi OAT dari Dinas Kesehatan Provinsi Sulawesi Utara ke Dinas Kesehatan Kota Manado dan selanjutnya ke Puskesmas Tikala Baru, Puskesmas Ranotana Weru dan Puskesmas Tuminting dengan menggunakan metode observasional yang bersifat deskriptif dan evaluatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data secara retrospektif dan prospektif. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa penyimpanan dan distribusi OAT di Dinas Kesehatan Provinsi Sulawesi Utara, Dinas Kesehatan Kota Manado, Puskesmas Tikala Baru, Puskesmas Ranotana Weru dan Puskesmas Tuminting belum sesuai dengan peraturan panduan pengelolaan logistik program pengendalian tuberkulosis Kementrian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. Kata Kunci: Penyimpanan, distribusi, tuberkulosis,  Dinas Kesehatan, Puskesmas.  

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