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Pharmacy Study Program, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Sam Ratulangi University, Manado, North Sulawesi, Indonesia, 95115
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INDONESIA
PHARMACON
Published by Universitas Sam Ratulangi
ISSN : 23022493     EISSN : 27214923     DOI : 10.35799
Core Subject : Health,
Medicine & Pharmacology
Pharmacon is the journal published by Pharmacy Study Program, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Sam Ratulangi University, Indonesia (P-ISSN: 2302-2493 E-ISSN: 2721-4923). Pharmacon was established in 2012 and published four times a year. Pharmacon is an open access journal and has been indexed by main indexing Google Scholar, GARUDA, Crossref.
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Articles 1,132 Documents
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FORMULASI DAN EVALUASI SEDIAAN TABLET EKSTRAK DAUN GEDI HIJAU (Abelmoschus manihot) DENGAN METODE GRANULASI BASAH Rori, Winda M.
PHARMACON Vol 5, No 2 (2016): Pharmacon
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/pha.5.2016.12212

Abstract

FORMULASI DAN EVALUASI SEDIAAN TABLET EKSTRAK DAUN GEDI HIJAU (Abelmoschus manihot) DENGAN METODE GRANULASI BASAH Winda M. Rori1), Paulina V. Y.Yamlean1), Sri Sudewi1) 1)Program Studi Farmasi FMIPA Universitas Sam Ratulangi ABSTRACT Gedi as edible plant, through several studies were known to have potential as a medicinal plant because it flavonoids contains which act as antioxidants for the human body. This research aims to create a formulation of a tablet Gedi green leaf extract (Abelmoschus manihot) using two concentrations of gelatin as a binder using wet granulation method. In this study, the extracts of green Gedi obtained by maceration. The tablets were formulated in two formula, first formula with a concentration of 1% gelatin and second formula with a concentration of 3% gelatin. The results showed that both formulas are only eligible for the respective test weight uniformity, size uniformity, and disintegration time, are not eligible for the test for tablet hardness and friability. Thus we can conclude that the tablets from extracts of green gedi leaf were not eligible by Indonesian Pharmacopoeia. Keywords : tablet, Abelmoschus manihot, gelatin, wet granulation ABSTRAK Tanaman Gedi sebagai tanaman pangan melalui beberapa penelitian diketahui mempunyai potensi sebagai tanaman obat karena mengandung flavonoid yang berperan sebagai antioksidan dalam tubuh manusia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat formulasi tablet ekstrak daun Gedi hijau (Abelmoschus manihot) menggunakan dua konsentrasi gelatin sebagai bahan pengikat dengan menggunakan metode granulasi basah. Pada penelitian ini, ektrak daun Gedi hijau diperoleh dengan cara maserasi. Tablet diformulasikan dalam dua formula yaitu formula 1 dengan konsentrasi gelatin 1% dan formula 2 dengan konsentrasi gelatin 3%. Hasil evaluasi menunjukkan bahwa kedua formula hanya memenuhi syarat masing-masing untuk uji keseragaman bobot, keseragaman ukuran, waktu hancur dan tidak memenuhi syarat untuk uji kekerasan tablet dan kerapuhan tablet.Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa tablet ekstrak daun Gedi hijau yang dibuat tidak memenuhi syarat berdasarkan Farmakope Indonesia. Kata kunci : tablet, Abelmoschus manihot, gelatin, granulasi basah
UJI DAYA HAMBAT EKSTRAK RIMPANG LENGKUAS MERAH (ALPINIA PURPURATA K.SCHUM) TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN BAKTERI KLEBSIELLA PNEUMONIAE ISOLAT SPUTUM PADA PENDERITA PNEUMONIA RESISTEN ANTIBIOTIK SEFTRIAKSON Abubakar, Poetry M.S.; Fatimawali, Fatimawali; Yamlean, Paulina V.Y.
PHARMACON Vol 8, No 1 (2019): Pharmacon
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/pha.8.2019.22611

Abstract

UJI DAYA HAMBAT EKSTRAK RIMPANG LENGKUAS MERAH (Alpinia purpurata K.Schum) TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN BAKTERI Klebsiella pneumoniae ISOLAT SPUTUM PADA PENDERITA PNEUMONIA RESISTEN ANTIBIOTIK SEFTRIAKSONPoetry Melinda S Abubakar1), Fatimawali1), Paulina V. Y. YamLean1)1)Program Studi Farmasi FMIPA UNSRAT Manado, 95115ABSTRACTRed galangal rhizome is a plant that has various properties including antifungal and antibacterial. Red galangal rhizomes contain a class of flavonoids, phenols and terpenoids, which can be, used as basic ingredients of modern medicines. Flavonoids and phenols are also known to inhibit microbes. Flavonoids can inhibit microbes that have been resistant to antibiotics. This study aims to determine the antibacterial activity of red galangal rhizome extract (Alpinia purpurata K.Schum) and test its inhibitory effect on the growth of Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteria in sputum isolates in patients with pneumonia resistant ceftriaxone antibiotics. Red galangal rhizome plant was extracted by maceration method using 96% ethanol. Antibacterial inhibitory tests were carried out using the disc and well method. The results showed that the red galangal extract of rhizome had a inhibitory effect on the bacterium Klebsiella pneumoniae. On the disc method for concentrations of 100%, 75%, 50%, 25% and 12.5% the diameter of the inhibition zone is 9.6 mm, 8.68 mm, 8.5 mm, 8.5 mm and 7.6 mm. The inhibition ability of bacterial growth on the disc method is categorized as moderate because it has an average inhibition zone diameter of 5-10 mm. Whereas in the well method for concentrations of 100%, 75%, 50%, 25% and 12.5% the diameter of the inhibition zone was 25.8 mm, 20 mm, 15.6 mm, 12.7 mm and 9.7 mm, respectively. The inhibition ability of bacterial growth in the well method for 100% concentration is categorized as very strong because it has an average inhibition zone diameter of >20 mm, for concentrations of 75%, 50% and 25% it is categorized as strong because it has an average inhibition zone of 10- 20 mm and for a concentration of 12.5% it is categorized as moderate because it has an average inhibition zone diameter of 5-10 mm.Keywords: Red galangal rhizome, Alpinia purpurata K.Schum, Klebsiella pneumoniaABSTRAKRimpang Lengkuas merah merupakan tanaman yang memiliki berbagai khasiat di antaranya sebagai antijamur dan antibakteri. Rimpang Lengkuas merah mengandung golongan senyawa flavonoid, fenol dan terpenoid yang dapat digunakan sebagai bahan dasar obat-obatan moderen. Senyawa flavonoid dan fenol juga diketahui dapat menghambat mikroba. Flavonoid dapat menghambat mikroba yang telah resisten terhadap antibiotik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak rimpang Lengkuas merah (Alpinia purpurata K.Schum) dan menguji daya hambatnya terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri Klebsiella pneumoniae isolat sputum pada penderita pneumonia resisten antibiotik seftriakson. Tanaman rimpang Lengkuas merah di ekstraksi dengan metode maserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol 96%. Uji daya hambat antibakteri dilakukan dengan metode cakram dan sumuran. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak rimpang Lengkuas merah memiliki daya hambat terhadap bakteri Klebsiella pneumoniae. Pada metode cakram untuk konsentrasi 100%, 75%, 50%, 25% dan 12,5% diameter zona hambatnya ialah 9,6 mm, 8,68 mm, 8,5 mm, 8,5 mm dan 7,6 mm. Kemampuan penghambatan pertumbuhan bakteri pada metode cakram di kategorikan sedang karena memiliki diameter zona hambat rata-rata 5-10 mm. Sedangkan pada metode sumuran untuk konsentrasi 100%, 75%, 50%, 25% dan 12,5% diameter zona hambatnya ialah 25,8 mm, 20 mm, 15,6 mm, 12,7 mm dan 9,7 mm. Kemampuan penghambatan pertumbuhan bakteri pada metode sumuran untuk konsentrasi 100% di kategorikan sangat kuat karena memiliki diameter zona hambat rata-rata >20 mm, untuk konsentrasi 75%, 50% dan 25% di kategorikan kuat karena memiliki diameter zona hambat rata-rata 10-20 mm dan untuk konsentrasi 12,5% di kategorikan sedang karena memiliki diameter zona hambat rata-rata 5-10 mm.Kata Kunci:Rimpang Lengkuas merah, Alpinia purpurata K.Schum, Klebsiella pneumonia
PENGARUH EKSTRAK ETANOL BUAH KETUMBAR (Coriandrum sativum L.) TERHADAP PENURUNAN KADAR GULA DARAH TIKUS PUTIH YANG DIINDUKSI ALOKSAN Umbu Sogara, Putri Permatasari
PHARMACON Vol 3, No 3 (2014)
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/pha.3.2014.5417

Abstract

ABSTRACTCoriander fruit (Coriandrum sativum L.) has been used and exploited by native people asdrugs to decrease blood sugar levels. The aim of this study was to examine the ability ofethanol extract of the Coriander fruit (Coriandrum sativum L.) to decrease blood sugar levelsof alloxan-induced rats. This study was used 15 white male rats which induced with alloxansolution intravenously at dose 130mg/KgBW and divided into 5 groups, which were positivecontrol (glibenclamide 1:26 mg/kg), negative control (CMC 0.5%), and treatment groups(fruit extract dose coriander 0:09 g/KgBW, 12:18 g/KgBW, 12:36 g/kg). The treatments weredone on day 7, after the rats had been induced by alloxan, and the blood sugar measurementswere done on day 7, day 11 and day 15 after treatments were given. The percentage of bloodsugar levels decreasing of rats were analyzed by Oneway ANOVA test and Duncan test (α =0.05 level). Results of statistical analysis shows that there are significant differences betweenthe dose of coriander friut extracts and negative control, and there are no significantdifferences between the dose of coriander fruit extracts 12:09 g/KgBW, 12:18 g/KgBW,12:36 g/KgBW and positive control.Key words : Blood Sugar Levels, alloxan, White Male Rats Wistar, Coriandrum sativum L.ABSTRAKBuah ketumbar (Coriandrum sativum L.) sejak lama digunakan dan dimanfaatkan olehmanusia sebagai obat untuk menurunkan kadar gula darah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untukmenguji ekstrak etanol buah ketumbar (Coriandrum sativum L.) terhadap penurunan kadargula darah tikus putih yang diinduksi aloksan. Penelitian ini menggunakan 15 ekor tikus putihjantan yang diinduksi dengan larutan aloksan dengan dosis 130mg/KgBB secara intravenadan dibagi menjadi 5 kelompok perlakuan yaitu kontrol positif glibenklamid 1.26 mg/KgBB,kontrol negatif CMC 0.5%, kelompok perlakuan ekstrak buah ketumbar dosis 0.09 g/KgBB,0.18 g/KgBB, 0.36 g/KgBB. Pemberian perlakuan dilakukan setelah 7 hari diinduksi aloksandan pengukuran kadar gula darah dilakukan pada hari ke-7, hari ke-11 dan hari ke-15 setelahdiberikan perlakuan. Persentase penurunan kadar gula darah tikus dianalisis dengan ujiOneway ANOVA dan uji Duncan (α = 0.05). Hasil analisa statistik menunjukan bahwaterdapat perbedaan bermakna antara ekstrak etanol dengan kontrol negatif dan tidak adaperbedaan yang bermakna antara ekstrak buah ketumbar dosis 0.09 g/KgBB, 0.18 g/KgBB,0.36 g/KgBB dengan kontrol positif yang berarti ekstrak etanol buah ketumbar mempunyaiefek yang sama dengan kontrol positif.Kata kunci : Kadar Gula Darah, Aloksan, Tikus Putih Jantan Galur Wistar, Coriandrumsativum L.
HUBUNGAN ANTARA PENGETAHUAN DAN SIKAP DENGAN PERILAKU HIDUP BERSIH DAN SEHAT (PHBS) PADA PELAJAR DI SD INPRES SUKUR KECAMATAN AIRMADIDI KABUPATEN MINAHASA UTARA Koem, Zitty A.R.
PHARMACON Vol 4, No 4 (2015): Pharmacon
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/pha.4.2015.10219

Abstract

HUBUNGAN ANTARA PENGETAHUAN DAN SIKAP DENGAN PERILAKU HIDUP BERSIH DAN SEHAT (PHBS) PADA PELAJAR DI SD INPRES SUKUR KECAMATAN AIRMADIDI KABUPATEN MINAHASA UTARA   Zitty A.R Koem1), Barens Joseph1), Recky C. Sondakh1) 1)Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat Universitas Sam Ratulangi ABSTRACT School children are capitol point and asset for future developed which need to keep, improve and protect them to stay healthy. Healthy and clean life behavior is a second factor most influenced the health of individual, group and society after environment factor. Based on Edi Paulik (2010) research, only 5,5% people have a good and complete health attitude, include the healthy and clean life behavior. To determine relationship between student knowledge and student attitude with healthy and clean life behavior in INPRES elementary school of Sukur, Airmadidi, North Minahasa.The study was a survey analytic with cross sectional approach. This study was do in INPRES elementary school of Sukur in april 2014 to june 2014. Sample in this study is 112 children. Data sources from questioner and live interview. Analysis of unvaried and bivaried using Chi_Square test in SPSS program are use in this study.Statistical test result show there have a strong relationship between student knowledge with healthy and clean life behavior (p = <0,001), same with statistical test result for student attitude with healthy and clean life behavior show there have a strong relationship ( p = <0,005). Conclusion of this study is there have a strong relationship between student knowledge and student attitude with healthy and clean life behavior in INPRES elementary school of Sukur, Airmadidi, North Minahasa.   Key Word: Student Knowledge, Student Attitude, Healthy and Clean Life Behavior. ABSTRAK   Anak sekolah merupakan asset atau modal utama pembangunan dimasa depan yang perlu dijaga, ditingkatkan dan dilindungi kesehatannya. Perilaku hidup yang bersih dan sehat merupakan factor kedua terbesar setelah factor lingkungan yang mempengaruhi kesehatan individu, kelompok, atau masyarakat. Sesuai penelitian Edi Paulik (2010), hanya 5.5% orang memiliki perilaku kesehatan yang lengkap dan baik, termasuk didalamnya perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat. Tujuan   Penelitian untuk mengetahui hubungan antara pengetahuan siswa dan sikap siswa dengan perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat pada pelajar di SD Inpres Sukur Kecamatan Airmadidi Kabupaten Minahasa Utara.Jenis penelitian ini adalah Survey analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Penelitian dilakukan di Sekolah Dasar INPRES Sukur Kecamatan Airmadidi Kabupaten Minahasa Utara pada bulan April tahun 2014 sampai Juni tahun 2014. Sampel dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 112 orang. Data diperoleh melalui kuesioner dan wawancara langsung. Analisis data dilakukan meliputi analisis univariat dan analisis bivariat menggunakan uji Chi-square pada program SPSS.Hasil uji statistic menunjukkan terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara pengetahuan siswa dengan perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat (p = <0,001), begitu juga dengan hasil uji statistic antara sikap siswa dengan perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat yang menunjukkan adanya hubungan yang bermakna (p = <0,005). Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini yaitu terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara pengetahuan siswa dan sikap siswa dengan perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat di SD INPRES sukur Kecamatan Airmadidi Kabupaten Minahasa Utara. Kata Kunci: Pengetahuan Siswa, Sikap Siswa, Perilaku Hidup Bersih dan Sehat, PHBS.
EVALUASI PENYIMPANAN DAN PENDISTRIBUSIAN OBAT DI INSTALASI FARMASI RUMAH SAKIT SILOAM MANADO Julyanti, Julyanti
PHARMACON Vol 6, No 4 (2017): Pharmacon
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/pha.6.2017.17712

Abstract

EVALUASI PENYIMPANAN DAN PENDISTRIBUSIAN OBAT DI INSTALASI FARMASI RUMAH SAKIT SILOAM MANADOJulyanti1), Gayatri Citraningtyas1), Sri Sudewi1)1)Program Studi Farmasi FMIPA UNSRAT Manado, 95115 ABSTRACTPoor drug storage can cause drug damage as well as hospital losses, so medications should be stored well in order to stay awake until the drug is distributed to the patient. The distribution of drugs includes delivery of medicinal preparations provided by the Pharmaceutical Installation to patients with safety and accuracy of the drug, patient accuracy, timeliness, date, time, method of administration, personal accuracy of the drug provider to the patient as well as the integrity of the drug. This study aims to evaluate the storage and distribution of drugs in Siloam Hospitals Manado using descriptive observational methods and evaluation with data collection techniques prospects. The result of the research shows that the Pharmacy Installation of Siloam Hospitals Manado in applying the storage and distribution procedure of medicine in the warehouse is mostly in accordance with the provisions in the hospital pharmaceutical service standard based on the Regulation of the Minister of Health, but must be added with the ventilated window and also apply the drug storage based on therapeutic class Or efficacy. The distribution of drugs using the method of centralization, so that all medicines and medical devices are served directly from Pharmacy Installation.Keywords:  Evaluation, Drug Storage, Drug Administration, Siloam Hospitals Manado ABSTRAKPenyimpanan obat yang tidak baik dapat menyebabkan kerusakan  obat serta kerugian pada rumah sakit, sehingga obat harus disimpan dengan baik agar tetap terjaga sampai obat didistribusikan ke pasien. Distribusi obat mencakup penghantaran sediaan obat yang telah disediakan instalasi farmasi ke pasien dengan keamanan dan ketepatan obat, ketepatan penderita, ketepatan jadwal, tanggal, waktu, metode pemberian, ketepatan personal pemberi obat kepada penderita serta keutuhan obat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi penyimpanan dan pendistribusian  obat di Instalasi Farmasi Rumah Sakit Siloam Manado menggunakan metode observasional yang bersifat deskriptif dan evaluasi dengan teknik pengumpulan data secara prospekti. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Instalasi Farmasi Rumah Sakit Siloam Manado dalam menerapkan prosedur penyimpanan dan pendistribusian obat di gudang sebagian besar sudah  sesuai  dengan ketentuan dalam standar pelayanan kefarmasian rumah sakit berdasarkan Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan, namun harus ditambahkan dengan adanya jendela berventilasi dan juga menerapkan penyimpanan obat berdasarkan kelas terapi atau khasiat. Pendistribusian obat menggunakan metode sentralisasi, sehingga semua obat-obatan dan alat kesehatan dilayani langsung dari Instalasi Farmasi.Kata Kunci:  Evaluasi, Penyimpanan Obat, Pendsitribusian Obat, Rumah Sakit Siloam Manado                                                                                                                                        
FORMULASI GEL EKSTRAK DAUN SASALADAHAN (PEPEROMIA PELLUCIDA (L.) H.B.K) DAN UJI EFEKTIVITASNYA TERHADAP LUKA BAKAR PADA KELINCI (ORYCTOLAGUS CUNICULUS) Mappa, Tiara; Edy, Hosea Jaya; Kojong, Novel
PHARMACON Vol 2, No 2 (2013): pharmacon
Publisher : PHARMACON

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Sasaladahan contains saponin, tannin, alkaloid, calcium oxalate, fat, essential oil, flavonoid,steroid, triterpenoid and carbohydrate. Saponin can stimulate the formation of collagen, whiletannin and flavonoid have activity as antiseptic and antibacterial. The aims of this researchwere to determine the quality of Sasaladahan leaves extract gel (Peperomia pellucida (L.)HBK) by varying the concentration of 5%, 10% and 15% and its effect on the healing of burnwound. The quality of gel was test with organoleptic test, homogenity, pH, spreadability andconsistency. The effectiveness test of the gel performed on 5 rabbits were divided into 5treatment groups where each rabbit made 3 burn wound using a hot metal plate with diameterof 20 mm. The first rabbit was given sasaladahan gel with a concentration of 5%, 2nd rabbitgiven sasaladahan gel with a concentration of 10%, 3rd rabbit given sasaladahan gel with aconcentration of 15%, 4th rabbit given a positive control and 5th rabbit given a negativecontrol. The wound diameter be measured every day until day 7. Data were statisticallyanalyzed using One Way Anova. The results show Sasaladahan gel with concentration of 5%,10% and 15% fulfilled the parameter evaluation of organoleptic test, homogenity, pH andconsistency while the results of spreadability test are not yet fulfilled the parameter of a goodspreadability (5-7 cm). The result of the effectiveness test of Sasaladahan leaves extract gelshow sasaladahan leaves extract gel with concentration of 5%, 10% and 15% have thehealing effect on burn wound.Keywords: Gel, Extract, Sasaladahan Leaves, Burn wound, Rabbit
2. KANDUNGAN FLAVONOID DAN AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN TOTAL EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN KAYU KAPUR (Melanolepsis multiglandulosa Reinch f) Damar, Alpha C
PHARMACON Vol 3, No 4 (2014): pharmacon
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/pha.3.2014.6035

Abstract

Kandungan Flavonoid dan Aktivitas Antioksidan Total Ekstrak Etanol Daun Kayu Kapur (Melanolepsis multiglandulosa Reinch f) Alpha Cristyananda Damar1), Max Revolta John Runtuwene2), dan Defny Silvia Wewengkang2) 1)Program Studi Farmasi FMIPA UNSRAT Manado, 95115 2)Program Studi Farmasi FMIPA UNSRAT Manado, 95115 ABSTRACT   This study aims to determine the flavonoid content and total antioxidant activity of the ethanol extract leavesKayu Kapur (Melanolepsis multiglandulosa Reinch f).Research done by differentiating treatment lime leaves into the sample fresh and dried samples were extracted in two different ways, namely maceration and soxhletasi were then tested total flavonoids and antioxidants.Calculation of total flavonoids were calculated using Chang, (2002) and for total antioxidant testing using Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP).Results showed total flavonoids in fresh and dried samples Extraction maceration was 11.97 mg / kg and 7.85 mg / kg and then to sample fresh and dry extraction soxhletasi is 9.71 mg / kg and 5.99 mg / kg.The antioxidant activity of fresh and dried samples was 9.39 mg / L gallic acid and 7.46 mg / L gallic acid, and then to sample fresh and dry extraction soxhletasi is 8.78 mg / L gallic acid, and 5.99 mg / L gallic acid.The highest content of flavonoids found in fresh samples with a total maceration extraction of 11.97 mg / kg and the highest antioxidant activity found in fresh samples with a total maceration extraction 9.39mg / L gallic acid.   Keywords: Kayu Kapur (Melanolepsis multiglandulosa Reinch f), Antioxidant, total flavonoids, Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP)     ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan kandungan flavonoid dan aktivitas antioksidan total ekstrak etanol daun kayu kapur (Melanolepsis multiglandulosa Reinch f). Penelitian dilakukan dengan cara membedakan perlakuan daun kayu kapur menjadi sampel segar dan sampel  kering diekstraksi dengan dua cara yang berbeda yaitu maserasi dan sokletasi yang kemudian diuji total flavonoid dan antioksidannya. Perhitungan total flavonoid dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode Chang, (2002) dan untuk pengujian total antioksidan menggunakan metode Ferric Reducing Antioxidan Power (FRAP). Hasil menunjukan total flavonoid pada sampel segar dan kering eksraksi maserasi adalah 11,97 mg/kg dan 7,85 mg/kg kemudian untuk sampel segar dan kering ekstraksi sokletasi adalah 9,71 mg/kg dan 5,99 mg/kg. Aktivitas antioksidan sampel segar dan kering adalah 9,39 mg/L asam galat dan 7,46 mg/L asam galat, kemudian untuk sampel segar dan kering ekstraksi sokletasi adalah 8,78 mg/L asam galat, dan 5,99 mg/L asam galat. Kandungan flavonoid tertinggi terdapat pada sampel segar ekstraksi maserasi dengan total 11,97 mg/kg dan untuk aktivitas antioksidan tertinggi terdapat pada sampel segar ekstraksi maserasi dengan total 9,39 mg/L asam galat. Kata kunci : Kayu Kapur (Melanolepsis multiglandulosa Reinch f), Antioksidan, Total flavonoid, Ferric Reducing Antioxidan Power (FRAP)  
KAJIAN DRUG RELATION PROBLEM (DRPs) KATEGORI INTERAKSI OBAT, OVER DOSIS DAN DOSIS SUBTERAPI PADA PASIEN GAGAL JANTUNG KONGESTIF DI RSUP UNIVERSITAS HASANUDDIN ., Fajriansyah
PHARMACON Vol 5, No 1 (2016): Pharmacon
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/pha.5.2016.11228

Abstract

KAJIAN DRUG RELATION PROBLEM (DRPs) KATEGORI INTERAKSI OBAT, OVER DOSIS DAN DOSIS SUBTERAPI PADA PASIEN GAGAL JANTUNG KONGESTIF DI RSUP UNIVERSITAS HASANUDDIN Fajriansyah1), hadijah Tahir2), Almi Kombong3) 1)Akademi Farmasi Kebangsaan Makassar 2)RSUP Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Makassar 3)Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Farmasi Makassar   ABSTRACT Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) is the condition where the heart gets the failure to pump out the blood to fulfill the body need adequately due to the congestive heart muscles disorder followed by abnormal blood volume increase as well as the heart interstitial liquid. Drug Related Problems is an event or a condition in which drug therapy has potential or can apparently affect the result of therapy to be achieved. This research aimed to obtain the percentage of drug related problems on category of drug interaction, overdoses and sub-therapy dose for patients of congestive heart failure. The research method employed was descriptive observation by which the data collected retrospectively since July to August 2015 in Hasanuddin University Hospital. Data was obtained from medical records of the long-stay patients during July to August 2015. The research data was the CHF patient cure profile. The data analysis employed medicine use standard based on disease therapy standard and scientific literature. The analysis was conducted to medical records of 25 patients. The age characteristics comprised 26-35 years of age 3 patients (15%), 46-55 years of age 5 patients (20%), 56-65 years of age 6 patients (24%), above 65 years of age 12 patients (48%). The gender characteristics comprised 12 male patients (48%) and 13 female (52%). The result of the research showed that there where 22 drug related problems occurrences consisting of 14 drug interaction category (63,63%), 5 overdose category (22,72%) and 3 sub-therapy dose category occurrences (13,63%). Key words : Drug Related Problems,CHF, Hasanuddin University Hospital ABSTRAK Gagal jantung kongestif (GJK) adalah suatu keadaan dimana jantung tidak dapat memompa darah yang mencukupi untuk kebutuhan tubuh.Drug Related Problem merupakan suatu peristiwa atau keadaan dimana terapi obat berpotensi atau secara nyata dapat mempengaruhi hasil terapi yang diinginkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan persentase Drug Related Problem kategori interaksi obat, overdosis dan dosis sub terapi pada pasien GJK. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif observasional, dimana pengambilan data dilakukan secara retrospekstif pada bulan Juli sampai Agustus 2015 di RS Universitas Hasanuddin.Analisa data menggunakan standar penggunaan obat berdasarkan standar terapi penyakit dan literatur ilmiah.Analisis Drug Related Problem dilakukan terhadap data rekam medis dari 25 orang pasien. Karakteristik pasien yang dilihat meliputi usia dan jenis kelamin. Karakteristik usia meliputi usia 26-35 tahun sebanyak 2 pasien (8%), usia 46-56 tahun sebanyak 5 pasien (20%), usia 56-65 tahun sebanyak 6 pasien (24%), usia >65 tahun sebanyak 12 pasien (48%) dan karakteristik jenis kelamin meliputi pria sebanyak 12 pasien (48%) dan wanita 13 pasien (52%). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 22 kejadian Drug Related Problem meliputi 14 kejadian kategori interaksi obat (63,63%), 5 kejadian kategori overdosis (22,72%) dan 3 kejadian kategori dosis sub terapi (13,63%). Kata kunci :Drug Related Problem, GJK, RS Universitas Hasanuddin  
UJI EFEKTIVITAS DAYA HAMBAT GETAH DAUN JARAK PAGAR (Jatropha curcas L.) TERHADAP Streptococcus mutans Tiwa, Franky G.
PHARMACON Vol 6, No 4 (2017): Pharmacon
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/pha.6.2017.17750

Abstract

UJI EFEKTIVITAS DAYA HAMBAT GETAH DAUN JARAK PAGAR (Jatropha curcas L.) TERHADAP Streptococcus mutans Franky George Tiwa1), Heriyannis Homenta1), Bernat S. P. Hutagalung1) 1)Program Studi Pendidikan Dokter Gigi Fakultas Kedokteran ABSTRACT                Dental caries is one of the most prevalent oral health problems in Indonesia. The main bacterial cause of dental caries is Streptococcus mutans. Jarak Pagar  leaves sap (Jatropha curcas L.) used as traditional medicine in Minahasa. Jarak Pagar leaves sap (Jatropha curcas L.) consisted of active compounds that function as an antibacterial. They are saponins, flavonoids, alkaloids and tanins. The aim of this study to determine the antibacterial effects of Jarak Pagar leaves sap (Jatropha curcas L.) against Streptococcus mutans bacteria. This experimental study used post test only control group design. The Jarak Pagar leaves sap (Jatropha curcas L.) were taken from Manado City. Streptococcus mutans bacteria taken from a pure stock Microbiology Laboratories, Faculty of Medical Sam Ratulangi University Manado. The result showed the average diameter of inhibition zone of Jarak Pagar  leaves sap (Jatropha curcas L.) against Streptococcus mutans bacteria was 19 mm and smaller than the averge diameter of inhibition zone of antibiotic erythromycin. This study concluded that Jarak Pagar leaves sap (Jatropa curcas L) has an antibacterial effect against Streptococcus mutans bacteria.  Key words: Jarak Pagar leaves sap (Jatropha curcas L.), Streptococcus mutans ABSTRAK Karies gigi merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan gigi dan mulut yang paling menonjol di Indonesia. Bakteri utama penyebab karies gigi adalah bakteri Streptococcus mutans. Tanaman Jarak Pagar (Jatropha curcas L.) sering digunakan dalam pengobatan tradisional di daerah Minahasa. Getah Daun Jarak Pagar (Jatropha curcas L.) mengandung senyawa aktif yang berfungsi sebagai antibakteri yaitu, saponin, flavonoid, alkaloid dan tanin. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui efek antibakteri Getah Daun Jarak Pagar (Jatropha curcas L.) terhadap bakteri Streptococcus mutans. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental laboratorik, menggunakan rancangan eksperimental murni (true experimental design) dengan rancangan penelitian post test only control group design. Getah Daun Jarak Pagar (Jatropha curcas L.) diambil dari Kota Manado. Bakteri Streptococcus mutans diambil dari stok bakteri murni Laboratorium Mikrobiologi Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sam Ratulangi Manado. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa rata-rata diameter zona hambat Getah Daun Jarak Pagar (Jatropha curcas L.) terhadap bakteri Streptococcus mutans sebesar 19 mm dan lebih kecil dibandingkan dengan rata-rata diameter zona hambat antibiotik eritromisin. Dari penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa Getah Daun Jarak Pagar (Jatropha curcas L.) memiliki efek antibakteri terhadap bakteri Streptococcus mutans.  Kata kunci: Getah Daun Jarak Pagar (Jatropha curcas L.), Streptococcus mutans 
Penentuan Nilai Sun Protective Factor (SPF) Secara In Vitro Krim Tabir Surya Ekstrak Etanol Kulit Alpukat Mokodompit, Ade Novia; Edy, Hosea Jaya; Wiyono, Weny
PHARMACON Vol 2, No 3 (2013): pharmacon
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/pha.2.2013.2385

Abstract

ABSTRACTPeel of avocado (Persea americana Mill) contain efficacious compounds as an antioxydant.This studyhave purpose to determinethe value of Sun Protective Factor (SPF) of sunscreenfrom avocado's peel extract (Persea americana Mill) with aconcentration of5%, 7.5% and10%. In the determination of in vitro SPF valuesusing a spectrophotometer produce SPFvalues obtainedat a concentration of 5% is 3.99, 7.5% is 5.88,10% is 6.81. This study provesthat the use of this creamis notefficaciousas a sunscreen because the value result of SPF notexceed the minimal limit of good sunscreen SPF, that is 15.Key word : Peel of avocado (Persea americana Mill), cream, value of Sun Protective Factor(SPF)

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