Paediatrica Indonesiana
Paediatrica Indonesiana is a medical journal devoted to the health, in a broad sense, affecting fetuses, infants, children, and adolescents, belonged to the Indonesian Pediatric Society. Its publications are directed to pediatricians and other medical practitioners or researchers at all levels of health practice throughout the world.
Articles
2,127 Documents
Surgery in Perinatology
E. M. Halimun
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 35 No 9-10 (1995): September - October 1995
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society
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DOI: 10.14238/pi35.9-10.1995.205-10
Although modem neonatal surgery is a very young subject, it started only after the second world war, the progress is remarkable. The well intergrated interdisciplinary team among pediatric surgeons, pediatricians, neonatologits, anaesthetists, and other relevant specialists made this progress possible. Neonatal surgrey has been influenced by the advances in prenatal diagnosis. Neonatal surgical emergencies are related to perinatal conditions such as better antenatal care, including ultrasonogram examination, encourage the high risk pregnant women to deliver at pediatric/perinatal centers where obstetricians, pediatricians or neonatologist, pediatric surgeon, anesthetist are working as a team. Prenatal diagnosis has been one of the most challenging aspects in perinatology, and may directly related to the task of the pediatric surgeons to salvage certain type of malformations. Some experience of perinatal surgery is also discussed.
Response of Preterm Infants of Mothers Who Are Chronic Carriers of Both HBsAg and HBeAg to Pre-52 Containing Hepatitis 8 Vaccine (TGP 943) - A Preliminary Report
Abdul Hamid Sutohardjo
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 35 No 9-10 (1995): September - October 1995
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society
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DOI: 10.14238/pi35.9-10.1995.211-5
This study aimed to examine the immunogenccity and protective efficacy of a pre-S2 containing hepatitis B vaccine (TGP 943, Takada, Japan) in 9 preterrn infants. A control group of preterm infants were given plasma derived hepatitis B vaccine (Korean Green Cross, Korea). All these preterm infants were born to both HBsAG and HBeAg posistive mothers and born in central General Hospital Sanglah Denpasar from January 3, 1992 to October 30, 1992. The gestational ages were 35-37 weeks and birth weights were 2000-2500 grams. The difference of the anti pre-S2 antibody between two groups of preterm infants was evident at month 6. Anti-HBs antibody response was almost same in the two groups of preterm infants. None in preterm infants in this study became positive for HBsAg during follow-up for at least 6 months. 2 of 8 preterm infants in control group become positive for HBsAg during follow up for a t least 6 months. Our study demonstrated a better anti pre-S2 antibody response and also comparable anti-Hbs antibody response in preterms infants vaccinated with a pre-S2 containing hepatitis B vaccine, compared with those with conventional plasma-derived vaccine.
Use of Chest X-Ray Examination as a Diagnostic Aid for Detection of Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever
Husein Albar;
Azis Tanra;
Dasril Daud;
M. Farid
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 35 No 9-10 (1995): September - October 1995
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society
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DOI: 10.14238/pi35.9-10.1995.216-21
The advantage of a chest X-ray in the RLD position in 15 children with DHF hospitalized at the paediatric ward of the Ternate General Hospital within the period of May-June-July 1990 and June-July 1991 were evaluated. Besides clinical and laboratory assessment to establish the diagnosis of DHF according to the WHO guidelines (1975), child and a haemaglutination-inhibition test was also done to confirm the diagnosis. Chest X-rays in the RLD position found a pleural effusion in 11 out of 15 patients with DHF especially in those with dengue shock syndrome. A positive serological test was always associated with the presence of PE (100%), while this could be shown in only 2 patients with negative test results. It may be concluded that the WHO criteria for the clinical diagnosis of DHF may be confirmed not only by the serological test but also by the presence of PE on chest film in the RLD position and therefore this examination may play an important role in establishing a diagnosis of DHF in a regency hospital.
Open Comparison Study between Augmentin and Ampicillin-Chloramphenicol in the Treatment of Bronchopneumonia in Children
M. Hardjono Abdoerrachman
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 35 No 9-10 (1995): September - October 1995
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society
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DOI: 10.14238/pi35.9-10.1995.222-6
Sixty children under 2 years of age suffering from bronchopneumonia were evaluated for the effectiveness of the treatment. The first group consisted of 30 patients was treated with a single drug, i.e. , Augmentin (amoxycillin and clavulanic acid) as a study group. The second group was treated with a combination of ampicillin and chloramphenicol as a control group. The two groups showed good clinical response to the the given treatment. Clinical signs and symptoms of bronchopneumonia disappeared within the similar period in both groups, including decrease of fever, disappearance of dyspnea, and diminution or disappearance of rales. The clinical effectiveness in this study, as measured by the disappearance of clinical signs and symptoms, was considered to have a success rate of 82.1% in the study group and 72.2% in control group.
Factors Associated with the Occurrence of Cyanotic Spells in Tetralogy of Fallot Patients
Teddy Ontoseno
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 35 No 9-10 (1995): September - October 1995
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society
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DOI: 10.14238/pi35.9-10.1995.227-30
A study was carried out on 114 tetralogy of Fallot patients attending the Department of Child Health, Medical School, University of Airlangga/Dr. Soetomo Hospital between 1 January 1988 to 31 December 1992. Only 81 patients fulfilled our study criteria where 52 (64.2'%) were cases with complications such as cyanotic spells, 4 (4 .93%) among them had brain abscesses. Twenty-nine individuals without complications acted as controls. Age, sex, nutritional status, hematocrit, MCHC and onset of symptoms between the two groups were analyzed using the multiple regression logistic. It has been shown that relative anemia, polycythemia and the age of 2-5 years contributed to the onset of cyanotic spells, respectively, R = 0.3171 and p = 0 .0004; R = 0.2220 and p = 0 .0073; R = 0.1363 and p = 0.00465. Therefore, in conventional treatment of tetralogy of Fallot patients it is essential to observe these risk factors in order to avoid complications and to improve the quality of life in these patients who are on the waiting list for surgery.
Injury In Preschool-Age Children: A Population-Based Study
Achmad Surjono;
Soenarto Sastrowijoto;
Siswanto Agus Wilopo;
Harun Rusito
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 35 No 9-10 (1995): September - October 1995
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society
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DOI: 10.14238/pi35.9-10.1995.231-5
A study on the type and frequency of injuries in preschool-age children was conducted in a sample of households representing population of Purworejo district. A two stages cluster (wilcah) method was used to select 4.354 preschool-age children living in 12,721 households in the district. The mother or other child caretakers provided responses about injuries occurring during the 3 months period to interview. Injuries among these preschool-age children included trauma by cutting or sharp object (6.5%), falls (5.7%), bums (0.6%), bites (0.4%), traffic accident (0.4%), unconsciousness (0.2%) and poisoning (0 .1 %). The typical injury in under the 12 months olds was falls. Children aged 12 to 23 month accounted for 18% of the injury episodes which were typical fall and trauma. Children aged 24 to 59 months accounted for 76.6% of injury episodes which were typically trauma, falls, bums, bites and traffic accident. No statistical differences in the frequency and type on injuries were observed between urban and rural areas. The relative frequency in age-grouped and type of injuries from this population-based study can be used in planning injury prevention especially for family health education program.
Primary Hyperparathyroidism Caused by Single Parathyroid Adenoma
Jose R. L. Batubara;
Paruhum T. Siregar;
M. Lutfi;
Daniel Makes;
Wawan Hermawan
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 35 No 9-10 (1995): September - October 1995
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society
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DOI: 10.14238/pi35.9-10.1995.236-40
Primary hyperparathyroidism is rarely found in children under sixteen years old. We report the first case seen at the Department of Child Health, Medical School, University of Indonesia, Jakarta. This 15-year old girl was admitted to the Department, referred by an orthopedic surgeon because of pathologic fractures suspected to be caused by hyperparathyroidism. The physical examination was unremarkable, and the laboratory findings showed increased level of parathyroid hormone. Roentgenologic examination showed lytic skull lesions, loss of the lamina dura of the dentis, subperiosteal resorption of the symphysis and generalized osteoporosis with pathologic fractures. Color Doppler USG using a high resolution ultrasound examination was performed to find the etiology of primary hyperparathyroidism. The result revealed single parathyroid adenoma in the right superior region measuring 2.7 x 1.7 x 1 cm. The clinical manifestation and laboratory findings showed improvement following surgery.
Breath Hydrogen Test in Lactose Malabsorption
Badriul Hegar;
Hans A. Buller
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 35 No 7-8 (1995): July - August 1995
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society
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DOI: 10.14238/pi35.7-8.1995.161-71
Lactose is the most important source in mammalian milk. In normal children, Lactose is hydrolyzed by lactase, and directly absorbed into bloodstream by an active transport mechanism. The term of lactose malabsorption is reserved to patients in whom impaired intestinal lactose hydrolysis and uptake has been proven by an appropriate test. The severity of lactose malabsorption and the extent of symptoms vary widely and are the results of several factors such as the amount of ingested lactose, gastric emptying time, intestinal transit time, and colonic flora. The diagnosis of lactose malabsorption is based on clinical findings and the results of appropriate tests. The breath hydrogen test has obvious advantages for pediatric population because it is painless, non-invasive, sensitive and specific. In the absence of bacterial colonization in the small intestine, the elevation of the concentration of hydrogen in the expired air implies the arrival of lactose in the colon. The increasing respiratory excretion of hydrogen is indicative of a deficit of lactase in enterocyte brush border. This test can also be used to show the existence of bacterial growth. Dietary fiber, some drugs, preparation for colonoscopy, colonic pH, and diarrhea can influence the result of breath hydrogen test.
The Efficacy of Once-Daily Dose of Phenobarbital in Children with Generalized Tonic-Clonic Epilepsy
Amril A. Burhany;
Sofyan Ismael;
Hardiono Pusponegoro
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 35 No 7-8 (1995): July - August 1995
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society
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DOI: 10.14238/pi35.7-8.1995.172-9
In spite of its long half life, phenobarbital is still given twice-daily in the treatment of generalized tonic-clonic epilepsy. This study aims to determine if daily dose of phenobarbital given once differs to that given twice daily. Subjects of this unblinded controlled clinical trial were generalized tonic-clonic epilepsy patients ranging in age from 1-15 years. There were 40 study cases and 42 controls. We gave phenobarbital 4-6 mg/kg/day once-daily for study group and twice-daily dose for control group. History, physical and EEG examination and phenobarbital plasma measurements were obtained a t the beginning of the study and four weeks later. The ratio of the second to first phenobarbital plasma concentrations in the study group was 0.99 while in the control group it was 1.02. The proportion of seizure-free patients in the study group increased from 70% at the beginning to 85% at the end of study, and in the control group from 64.3% to 83.3%. Hyperactivity and irritability increased in both groups, and there were no significant differences in mean serum levels, seizures control, hyperactivity and irritability in both groups. Drowsiness was found in 50% of cases, but statistically significant decrease were found in study group. The compliance of the study group (92.5%) was significantly better than that of the control group (71.4%).
Liver Function Test in Cholestasis
Kompiang Gautama;
Anki Tri Rini;
Sudaryati S.
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 35 No 7-8 (1995): July - August 1995
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society
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DOI: 10.14238/pi35.7-8.1995.180-4
Cholestasis is impaired bile flow that cause prolonged evacuation of conjugated bilirubin and other substances which are dependent of bile flow for its excretion. The liver function test is useful to determine the severity of disease, to follow up its progress, and to predict the prognosis. This study was performed restropectively from the medical record of cholestatic patients who were admitted to the Department of Child Health, Central Hospital of Denpasar, from January 1992 to December 1993. Among 34 patients with cholestasis, 27 (19 intrahepatic and 8 extrahepatic cholestasis) were included in this study. Although the means of transaminase enzymes (SGOT, SGPT) in intrahepatic cholestasis were higher significantly than those in extrahepatic cholestasis, the increase of these enzymes five times or more than normal was not different significantly. The means of GGT and alkaline phospatase (AP) in extrahepatic groups were higher significantly than those in intrahepatic groups, and the increase of GGT more five times than normal was dilferent significantly as well. The means of total and conjugated bilirubin levels were higher in .extrahepatic group, but were not dilferent significantly.