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Paediatrica Indonesiana
Published by Ikatan Dokter Anak Indonesia
ISSN : 00309311     EISSN : 2338476X     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health,
Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology
Paediatrica Indonesiana is a medical journal devoted to the health, in a broad sense, affecting fetuses, infants, children, and adolescents, belonged to the Indonesian Pediatric Society. Its publications are directed to pediatricians and other medical practitioners or researchers at all levels of health practice throughout the world.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 2,127 Documents
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Diet and estradiol level in adolescent girls Ririn Hariani; Saptawati Bardosono; Ratna Djuwita; Noorwati Sutandyo; Melani Kumala; Ali Sungkar; Rini Sekartini
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 56 No 3 (2016): May 2016
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (256.882 KB) | DOI: 10.14238/pi56.3.2016.134-8

Abstract

AbstractBackground Nutritional intake in adolescent girls in Indonesia has been well studied, but there has been little study on its influence on serum estradiol levels. A high estradiol level has been associated with higher risk of breast carcinogenesis.Objective To evaluate the influence of dietary factors on serum estradiol concentration in adolescent girls.Methods A community-based survey was conducted in female junior high school students in Jakarta from January 2014 to January 2015. Nutritional intake was assessed by semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaires (FFQ), which included the intake of total energy (kcal), carbohydrate (g), protein (g), fat (g), fiber (g), and phytoestrogen (g). Based on the Indonesian recommended daily allowance (RDA), energy and nutrient intakes were categorized as minimal (<70%), low (70-99.9%), normal (100-129.9%), and high (≥130%). Serum estradiol levels were measured during the follicular phase using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results A total of 189 girls aged 13-15 years were enrolled from 8 junior high schools across the municipalities of Jakarta. Twenty-eight (14.8%) subjects were overweight or obese. Median estradiol level was 41.83 (range 13.14-136.5) pg/mL. Serum estradiol level was significantly correlated with energy, protein, and fat intake. Estradiol level was also significantly associated with carbohydrate (P=0.030) and fat (P=0.036) intake status. Multivariate analysis revealed that intake of energy, protein, and fat, as well as body mass index (BMI) were independent predictors of estradiol levels. However, due to its importance as energy source, we included carbohydrate intake in the final equation to predict estradiol level as follows: E2 = 60.723 – 0.053 (energy) + 0.185 (carbohydrate) + 0.483 (protein) + 0.491 (fat) – 1.081 (BMI).Conclusion Serum estradiol levels in adolescent girls aged 13-15 years are influenced by diet, especially fat intake. Estradiol levels can be predicted from energy, carbohydrate, protein, and fat intake, as well as BMI. [Paediatr Indones. 2016;56:134-8.].
Selenium for acute watery diarrhea in children Meiviliani Sinaga; Supriatmo Supriatmo; Rita Evalina; Ade Rachmat Yudiyanto; Atan Baas Sinuhaji
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 56 No 3 (2016): May 2016
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (345.59 KB) | DOI: 10.14238/pi56.3.2016.139-43

Abstract

Background Acute watery diarrhea remains a major health problem affecting infants and children in developing countries. Selenium deficiency may be a risk factor for diarrhea and vice versa. Few studies have been conducted on the effectiveness of selenium for the treatment of diarrhea in children.Objective To determine the effectiveness of selenium in reducing the severity of acute watery diarrhea in children.Methods A single-blind, randomized clinical trial was done in children with acute watery diarrhea, aged six months to two years, and who visited the community health center in Simalungun from May to August 2012. Children were randomized into either the selenium or placebo (maltodextrin) group. We monitored diarrheal frequency, stool consistency, and duration of diarrhea. Mann-Whitney, Fisher’s, and Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests were used to compare the two groups.Results Sixty-five children were recruited into the study, of whom 36 children received selenium and 29 children received a placebo. The selenium group had significantly lower frequency of diarrhea (bouts per day) than the placebo group on days 2, 3, and 4 after treatment onset [day 2: 3.5 vs. 4.1, respectively (P=0.016); day 3: 2.7 vs. 3.4, respectively (P=0.002); day 4: 2.1 vs. 2.8, respectively (P<0.001)]. On day 2, stool consistency had significantly improved in the selenium group compared to the placebo group (P=0.034). In addition, the median duration of diarrhea was significantly lower in the selenium group than in the placebo group (60 vs. 72 hours, respectively; P=0.001). Median recovery time from the the first day of diarrhea was also significantly lower in the selenium group than in the placebo group (108 vs. 120 hours, respectively; P=0.009).Conclusion In children with acute watery diarrhea, those treated with selenium have decreased frequency of diarrhea, improved stool consistency, as well as shorter duration of diarrhea and recovery time than those treated with a placebo. [Paediatr Indones. 2016;56:139-43.].
Reliability of the Indonesian version of the School-Years Screening Test for Evaluation of Mental Status-Revised as a cognitive screening tool for children Ferriandis Harsono; Purboyo Solek; Kusnandi Rusmil
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 56 No 3 (2016): May 2016
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (341.546 KB) | DOI: 10.14238/pi56.3.2016.149-54

Abstract

Background Developmental and behavioral problems are among the most common conditions of childhood. These problems affect 12−16% of children in the United States and 13−18% of children in Indonesia. Early detection of developmental deficits among children requires clinicians to screen with accurate tools. Cognitive function screening in children has been increasingly used in many clinical and educational settings. The School-Years Screening Test for Evaluation of Mental Status-Revised (SYSTEMS-R) is becoming a widely-used, reliable, and valid cognitive screening tool for children aged 4−15 years. Prior to our study, there was no Indonesian language version of the SYSTEMS-R.Objective To determine the reliability of the Indonesian translation of the SYSTEMS-R.Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in children aged 4−15 years who understood the Indonesian language and did not have neurologic or communication impairments. Data were analysed to determine reliability (internal consistency and inter-rater reliability) of the Indonesian version of SYSTEMS-R. Internal consistency was determined using Cronbach’s alpha formula. Internal consistency is a reflection of inter-item correlation and item-to-total correlation. Inter-rater reliability was determined using the Bland-Altman method.Results This study was conducted on 133 children aged 4−15 years in a kindergarten, elementary, junior high, and senior high school in Bandung. The Indonesian version of SYSTEMS-R had significant internal consistency (Cron bach’s alpha 0.936−0.941), and the scores obtained by two raters had good agreement (difference within mean + 1.96 SD).Conclusion The Indonesian version of SYSTEMS-R is reliable for use as a cognitive screening tool for Indonesian children. [Paediatr Indones. 2016;56:149-54.].
Low birth weight profiles at H. Boejasin Hospital, South Borneo, Indonesia in 2010-2012 Yuni Astria; Christopher S. Suwita; Benedica M. Suwita; Felix F. Widjaja; Rinawati Rohsiswatmo
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 56 No 3 (2016): May 2016
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (375.603 KB) | DOI: 10.14238/pi56.3.2016.155-61

Abstract

Background The prevalence of low birth weight (LBW) is still high in Indonesia. Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and prematurity are the most frequent causes. Prematurity has higher mortality rate. Cultural diversity has an impact on regional LBW profiles in Indonesia. However, data on LBW is unavailable in South Borneo.Objective To describe the LBW profiles and in-hospital mortality of newborns at H. Boejasin Hospital, South Borneo.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study using secondary data from medical records and neonatal registry at H. Boejasin Hospital, Pelaihari, South Borneo from 2010 to 2012. Subjects were newborns with birth weight <2,500 grams. Categorical data was presented in percentages, while survival analysis was assessed by Kaplan-Meier test. The difference among groups was analyzed with log-rank test.Results The proportion of LBW was 20.2% of total live births and the mortality rate was 17.3%. Mortality rates according to birth weight category was 96% in <1000 g group, 62% in 1,000-1,499 g group, 19% in 1,500-1,999 g group, and 4% in 2,000-2,499 g group. The highest hazard ratio was in the <1,000 gram birth weight group (HR 40.21), followed by the 1,000-1,499 gram group (HR 12.95), and the 1,500-1,999 gram group (HR 4.65);(P<0.01). Asphyxia, hyaline membrane disease (HMD), and sepsis were the most common causes of mortality (at 50%, 21%, and 16%, respectively).Conclusion The prevalence of LBW in this study is quite high and mortality of LBW infants is significantly different between each low birth weight category. [Paediatr Indones. 2016;56:155-61.].
Oral versus rectal laxatives for functional constipation in child Wiji Joko Pranoto; Supriatmo Supriatmo; Melda Deliana; Atan Baas Sinuhaji
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 56 No 3 (2016): May 2016
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (279.248 KB) | DOI: 10.14238/pi56.3.2016.162-6

Abstract

Background Functional constipation is a common childhood condition. Benefits of oral and rectal laxatives in terms of recovery and recurrence in children with functional constipation are still controversial.Objective To compare the effectiveness of oral and rectal laxatives in terms of recovery and recurrence in children with functional constipation.Methods Children aged 8 to 17 years who met the Rome III criteria for functional constipation were enrolled in this open randomised trial. Data was collected through questionnaires, interviews, and physical examinations. The participants were randomly assigned to receive stimulant laxatives (5 mg bisacodyl) either orally for three consecutive days or rectally in a single dose. Subjects kept daily defecation records for 7 days, and were followed up on days 14, 21, 28, 35, and 42. Comparisons of defecation patterns and recurrence of constipation between groups were assessed using Chi-square test.Results Of 99 subjects, 46 children (5 boys, 41 girls) received oral laxatives (group I) and 45 children (8 boys, 37 girls) received rectal laxatives (group II). Four children in each group dropped out. Baseline characteristics are comparable between the groups. Rate of recovery in the first 7 days was higher in the oral compared to rectal groups [84.8% versus 73.3%, respectively, but this was not statistically sininficant (P=0.278)]. In the second week, the recurrence of constipation was significantly higher in the rectal (57.5%) than in the oral laxative group (42.5%) (P=0.026).Conclusion Although recovery tends to occur more with oral compared to rectal laxative agents, the difference was not statistically significant. Higher recurrence in the second week after treatment occurred with rectal laxative agent. [Paediatr Indones. 2016;56:162-6.].
Outcomes of Tetralogy of Fallot repair performed after three years of age Ni Putu Veny Kartika Yantie; Mulyadi M. Djer; Najib Advan; Jusuf Rachmat
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 56 No 3 (2016): May 2016
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (301.964 KB) | DOI: 10.14238/pi56.3.2016.176-83

Abstract

subject of debate, however, in general repair before 3 years of age has resulted in good myocardial performance. Late repair has led to prolonged QRS duration, ventricular dysfunction in terms of myocardial performance index (MPI) and tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE), as well as longer intensive care unit (ICU) stays.Objective To evaluate QRS duration, right ventricular function as measured by TAPSE, and ICU length of stay (LoS) after repair of TOF performed after three years of age.Methods This retrospective cohort study was performed in children and adults who underwent ToF repair, with a minimum follow-up of 6 months. The TAPSE and QRS duration were evaluated during follow-up and compared between children who had the operation before vs. 3 years of age or older using Mann Whitney U and Chi-square tests.Results We enrolled 52 subjects who underwent ToF repair from January 2007 to June 2013 (18 in the ≤3 years-old group and 34 in the >3 years-old group). Subjects’ age at the time of repair ranged from 7 months to 25 years, with follow-up data at 24-30 months after discharge. Abnormalities of the right ventricle and left ventricle MPI were not significantly different between the two groups. However, we observed significant differences between the ≤3 years and >3 years groups in median ICU LoS [2 (range 1-9) days vs. 1.5 (range 1-46) days, respectively; (P=0.016)] and median QRS durations [118 (range 78-140) ms vs. 136 (range 80-190) ms, respectively; (P=0.039)]. The age at the time of repair did not increase the risk of having abnormal TAPSE (RR 0.85; 95%CI 0.26 to 2.79; P=0.798).Conclusion Tetralogy of Fallot repair after 3 years of age appears to not increase ICU LoS or is associated with lower TAPSE, but it is associated with longer QRS duration. [Paediatr Indones. 2016;56:176-83.].
Management of childhood Gitelman syndrome: a case study Risky Vitria Prasetyo; Putu Dian Saraswati; Ninik Asmaningsih Soemyarso; Mohammad Sjaifullah Noer
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 56 No 3 (2016): May 2016
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (401.636 KB) | DOI: 10.14238/pi56.3.2016.184-91

Abstract

Gitelman syndrome is a rare, autosomal recessive, renal tubular salt wasting disorder characterized by hypokalemia, and metabolic alkalosis in combination with significant hypomagnesemia and hypocalciuria.1,2 The prevalence is estimated to be 1 in 40,000 individuals. The condition affects both males and females of all ethnic backgrounds. The prevalence of heterozygotes is approximately 1% in Caucasian populations.2,3In the majority of cases, symptoms do not appear before the age of six years and the disease is usually diagnosed during adolescence or adulthood. Symptoms, such as transient episodes of muscle weakness and tetany, sometimes accompanied by abdominal pain, vomiting and fever, are often seen in Gitelman syndrome patients. Paresthesias, especially in the face, frequently occur. Remarkably, some patients are completely asymptomatic except for the appearance of chondrocalcinosis at adult age that causes swelling, local heat, and tenderness over the affected joints. Blood pressure is lower than that in the general population. Sudden cardiac arrest has been reported occasionally. In general, growth is normal but can be delayed in those Gitelman syndrome patients with severe hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia.2,4
Umbilical Cord : Factors which Influence the Separation Time Erwin Sarwono; Disse W. S.; Ousdeluys-Murphy H. M; Oosting H.; De Groot C. J.
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 31 No 7-8 (1991): July - August 1991
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (418.307 KB)

Abstract

The separation time of the umbilical cord was studied in 98 healthy Indonesian newborns with the aim of determine the normal time of separation and to evaluate factors which may influence it. The authors looked for a relationship between cord separation and sex, birthweight, gestational age, parity of the mother and nutrition of the newborn. Mean separation time was 10.9 days (SD 3: range 5-23 days). None of the factors analysed had a statistically significant.
Corticosteroids and obesity in steroid-sensitive and steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome Nina Lestari; Neti Nurani; Madarina Julia
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 55 No 4 (2015): July 2015
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (91.656 KB) | DOI: 10.14238/pi55.4.2015.194-8

Abstract

Background Children with nephrotic syndrome need high-dose corticosteroids to achieve remission. Studies have estimated a 35-43% risk of obesity in these patients after corticosteroid treatment.Objective To determine the prevalence of obesity in children who received corticosteroids for nephrotic syndrome, and to compare the risk of obesity in children with steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome (SSNS) and steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS).Methods We performed a retrospective cohort study in 50 children with SSNS or SRNS who received corticosteroid treatment. Obesity was defined to be a BMI-for-age Z-score above +2.0 SD, according to the WHO Growth Reference 2007. Central obesity was defined to be a waist-to-height ratio > 0.50.Results The overall prevalence of obesity was 22%, with 29% and 14% in the SSNS and SRNS groups, respectively. The overall prevalence of central obesity was 50%, with 54% and 46% in the SSNS and SRNS groups, respectively. The cumulative steroid doses in this study were not significantly different between the SSNS and SRNS groups. There were also no significant differences between groups for risk of obesity (RR 2.53; 95%CI 0.58 to 10.99) or central obesity (RR 1.39; 95%CI 0.45 to 4.25).Conclusion In children with nephrotic syndrome who received corticosteroids, the prevalence of obesity is 22% and of central obesity is 50%. In a comparison of SSNS and SRNS groups, cumulative steroid dose as well as risks of obesity and central obesity do not significantly differ between groups.
Bacterial pneumonia score to identify bacterial pneumonia Ied Imilda; Finny Fitry Yani; Didik Hariyanto; Darfioes Basir
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 55 No 2 (2015): March 2015
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (98.784 KB) | DOI: 10.14238/pi55.2.2015.79-82

Abstract

Background Pneumonia is caused by either bacterial or viraletiologies, with similar symptoms in children. The bacterialpneumonia score (BPS) is a clinical assessment comprised ofseveral investigations: age, assessment of axillary temperature,absolute neutrophil count, band neutrophil percentage, andinterpretation of radiological examination. The score will use todifferentiate the etiology of pneumonia.Objective To determine the sensitivity, specificity, positivepredictive value, and negative predictive value of BPS inidentifying bacterial pneumonia in children.Methods This diagnostic study was performed at Dr. M. DjamilHospital, Padang, West Sumatera where subjects were selected byconsecutive sampling. Fifty-seven patients were diagnosed withpneumonia. Three patients suffered from ventricular septal defects,8 patients refused to provide blood specimens and 3 patients’chest X-rays could not be interpreted, hence, 43 subjects wereincluded in the study. Chest X-rays were interpreted by a pediatricpulmonology consultant. Leukocyte and differential counts wereperformed by a clinical pathology consultant. Subjects’ BPS scoreswere compared to multiplex PCR examinations of blood specimens,as the gold standard.Result Of 43 subjects, 27 (62.79%) were male. Subjects’ mean age was 29.3 (SD 21.5) months. Twenty (46.51%) subjects had good nutritional status, 4 (9.31%) subjects had axillary temperature ≥39°C, and 22 (51.16%) subjects had absolute neutrophil counts ≥8.000/mm3. Bacterial pneumonia score (BPS) had 69% sensitivity, 60% specificity, 42% positive predictive value, and 81% negative predictive value.Conclusion In this study, BPS has low sensitivity and specificityfor identifying bacterial pneumonia.

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