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Paediatrica Indonesiana
Published by Ikatan Dokter Anak Indonesia
ISSN : 00309311     EISSN : 2338476X     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health,
Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology
Paediatrica Indonesiana is a medical journal devoted to the health, in a broad sense, affecting fetuses, infants, children, and adolescents, belonged to the Indonesian Pediatric Society. Its publications are directed to pediatricians and other medical practitioners or researchers at all levels of health practice throughout the world.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 2,163 Documents
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Demographic profile and respiratory pathogen etiology of acute respiratory infection in children in a private hospital in Jakarta Madeleine Ramdhani Jasin; Abicintha Pramesti Sheila; Reza Agustiantwo Putra
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol. 66 No. 3 (2026): May 2026
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

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Abstract

Background Acute respiratory infections (ARI) are commonly diagnosed in children and contribute to high morbidity and mortality in the pediatric population. Diagnosis of ARI is made clinically, and exploration for the causative pathogen is not always performed. If the specific pathogen in ARI is identified, it can inform the management strategies in affected patients. Objective To detect specific respiratory viruses and bacteria by PCR in children with ARI and to describe the clinical manifestations and laboratory results in affected childrens. Methods  This cross-sectional study commenced by collecting a 1-year period of medical record data of children with ARI diagnosis in Mayapada Hospital, South Jakarta, from January 2023 to January 2024. Symptoms of ARI, laboratory examinations of leukocytes and CRP levels, and QiastatTM respiratory panel test results were collected and evaluated to find out etiology of ARI, whether virus or bacteria. Results  A total of 161 subjects were included in our study, who were mostly age < 5 years (62.7%), male (55.9%), and positive for pathogens in 83.9% of subjects. Cough (90.7%), fever (90.1%), and rhinorrhea (65.2%) were the most prevalent symptoms. Shortness of breath was also documented, but in only 37.3% of subjects. Leukocyte levels were mostly normal, while CRP levels were mostly high. The most prevalent pathogens found were influenza A virus, adenovirus, and rhinovirus/enterovirus. Co-infection was found in 9.3% of subjects, commonly in adenovirus and human metapneumovirus A+B; rhinovirus/enterovirus and adenovirus; as well as rhinovirus/enterovirus and RSV A+B. Conclusion Identifying pathogens is beneficial to identify ARI etiology, which may lead to different treatment and infection control. Children with ARI are mostly male and aged < 5 years. Respiratory pathogen results are high, in 83.9% subjects, also the most prevalent are influenza A virus, adenovirus, and rhinovirus/enterovirus.
Urinary screening for early detection of kidney disorders in asymptomatic Indonesian adolescents Ferry Liwang; Reza Fahlevi; Henny Puspitasari; Eka Hidayati; Sudung Pardede; Pringgodigdo Nugroho
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol. 66 No. 3 (2026): May 2026
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

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Abstract

Background Chronic kidney disease (CKD) in children, with global incidence ranging from 15–74.7 cases per million, can lead to lifelong sequelae and impose a significant healthcare burden. In Indonesia, Survei Kesehatan Indonesia 2023 showed that among individuals aged 15–24 years, 0.02% had CKD, and 16.2% of those with CKD underwent hemodialysis. Given that the early stages are frequently asymptomatic, urinary screening provides a simple, non-invasive method for early detection and prevention of future deterioration in kidney function. Objective To measure the prevalence of abnormal urinary findings in healthy, asymptomatic Indonesian adolescents aged 12–18 years using dipstick testing and microscopic urinalysis. Methods Over a 2-year period (2023–2024), we screened healthy, asymptomatic adolescents aged 12–18 years using spot (non–first-morning) urine specimens. Urine dipstick and microscopic tests were performed. Data collected included clinical characteristics and urine findings. Abnormalities such as isolated proteinuria, hematuria, leukocyte esterase, nitrite, and crystals were analyzed. Results Among 406 subjects (55.9% male; median age 15.67 years), 17% had isolated proteinuria, 14.3% had isolated hematuria, and 5.9% had both. Microscopic analysis revealed erythrocytes ≥3/hpf in 3.4% of subjects, and proteinuria +3 in 0.5% of subjects. Leukocyte esterase and nitrite were positive in 10.6% and 1.2% of subjects, respectively, though only 18.6% of leukocyte esterase–positive cases had leukocyte sediment >5/hpf. Abnormal crystals were found in 29.6% of cases, mainly associated with high urine specific gravity or urate crystals. Conclusion Proteinuria and hematuria, markers of early kidney damage, are detectable in asymptomatic adolescents. Routine urinary screening should be considered for Indonesian adolescents to facilitate early diagnosis and intervention.
Diagnostic value of pulmonary acceleration time as a marker of pulmonary hypertension in children with congenital heart disease Noviyani Leksomono; Indah Kartika Murni; Nadya Arafuri
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol. 66 No. 3 (2026): May 2026
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

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Abstract

Background Pulmonary acceleration time (PAT) and PAT to right ventricular ejection time (PAT/RVET) ratio are non-invasive echocardiography markers used to diagnose pulmonary hypertension (PH). Their diagnostic value in children with congenital heart disease (CHD) has not yet been studied in Indonesia. Objective To determine the diagnostic value of PAT and PAT/RVET ratio as markers of PH in children with CHD Methods This cross-sectional diagnostic study was conducted at Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta, from July to October 2025. Subjects were children aged 3 months to <18 years with left-to-right shunt CHD undergoing right heart catheterization. Echocardiographic PAT and RVET were measured  <7 days before heart catheterization. Pulmonary hypertension was defined based on catheterization results [mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) >20 mmHg]. Cut-off values for PAT and the PAT/RVET ratio were determined using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Diagnostic performance was evaluated through sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values (PPV and NPV), and likelihood ratios. Subjects with severe right ventricular dysfunction were excluded. Results Of 106 subjects enrolled, 76 (71.7%) had PH. Various echocardiography-derived values (median PAT, mean indexed-PAT, mean RVET, and mean PAT/RVET ratio) were significantly decreased in the PH group compared to the non-PH group (P<0.001 for all). A PAT cut-off value of <120 ms demonstrated sensitivity of 86.3% (95%CI 76.3 to 93.2), specificity of 89.9% (95%CI 71.8 to 97.7), positive predictive value (PPV) of 95.5% (95%CI 87.8 to 98.4), negative predictive value (NPV) of 71.4% (95%CI 58.1 to 81.9), positive likelihood ratio (LR) 8.05 (95%CI 2.75 to 23.56), and negative LR 0.15 (95%CI 0.09 to 0.28). A PAT/RVET ratio of <0.47 showed sensitivity of 82.2% (95%CI 71.5 to 90.2), specificity of 67.9% (95%CI 47.7 to 84.1), PPV of 87.5% (95%CI 79.4 to 92.0), and NPV of 59.4% (95%CI 47.7 to 71.8), positive likelihood ratio (LR) 2.56 (95%CI 1.48 to 4.43), and negative LR 0.26 (95%CI 0.15 to 0.46). Conclusion Pulmonary acceleration time and PAT/RVET ratio are valid non-invasive markers with good diagnostic value for detecting pulmonary hypertension in children with left-to-right shunt CHD but PAT should not be used as a standalone tool.

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