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Studi In Silico : Aktivitas Antibakteri Senyawa Resveratrol Terhadap Bakteri Salmonella typhi Penyebab Demam Tifoid Sinaga, Jonathan Cavin Ezra; Kumaunang, Maureen; Tuther, Paulix
CHEMISTRY PROGRESS Vol. 17 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Sam Ratulangi University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/cp.17.2.2024.55994

ABSTRAK Demam tifoid merupakan salah satu penyakit infeksi yang menyerang sistem pencernaan oleh adanya aktivitas bakteri Salmonella typhi. Pengobatan demam tifoid menggunakan antibiotik yang dapat menimbulkan resistensi bakteri, sehingga penemuan senyawa sebagai alternatif obat demam tifoid masih terus dikembangkan hingga saat ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambatan senyawa resveratrol terhadap pertumbuhan dari bakteri Salmonella typhi. Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian penambatan molekul (molecule docking). Hasil dari molecular docking didapatkan binding afiinity interaksi ligan dan reseptor yaitu -7.8 kkal/mol, maka senyawa resveratrol dapat sebagai penghambat bakteri Salmonella typhi. ABSTRACT Typhoid fever is an infectious disease that attacks the digestive system due to the activity of Salmonella typhi bacteria. Treatment of typhoid fever uses antibiotics which can cause bacterial resistance, so the discovery of compounds as alternative drugs for typhoid fever is still being developed today. This research aims to determine the effect of anchoring the resveratrol compound on the growth of Salmonella typhi bacteria. This type of research uses the molecular docking research method. The results of molecular docking showed that the binding affinity of the ligand and receptor interaction was -7.8 kcal/mol, so the resveratrol compound could act as an inhibitor for Salmonella typhi bacteria.

Aktivitas Penghambatan Enzim ꭤ-Amilase oleh Ekstrak Etanol Hasil Soxhletasi dan Refluks Daun Manggis (Garcinia mangostana L.) Pettanaga, Putri Firania; Katja, Dewa Gede; Koleangan, Harry Steven Julius
CHEMISTRY PROGRESS Vol. 17 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Sam Ratulangi University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/cp.17.2.2024.56254

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan kandungan senyawa fenolik, flavonoid, dan tanin terkondensasi dalam ekstrak etanol yang diperoleh melalui soxhletasi dan refluks daun manggis dan untuk menentukan efektivitasnya terhadap penghambatan enzim ꭤ-amilase. Penelitian dikerjakan melalui tahapan-tahapan preparasi, ekstraksi, penentuan kandungan total fenolik, flavonoid, dan tanin terkondensasi, serta penentuan aktivitas penghambatan enzim ꭤ-amilase. Rendemen tertinggi diperoleh pada ekstrak etanol hasil refluks selama 4 jam (R4) (19,88%) dan terendah diperoleh pada ekstrak etanol hasil soxhletasi selamas 2 jam (S2) (7,97%). Kandungan total fenolik dan flavonoid tertinggi ditemukan pada ekstrak etanol hasil soxhletasi selama 8 jam (S8) (226,73 µg/mL dan 266,76 µg/mL). Kandungan tanin terkondensasi tertinggi diperoleh pada ekstrak etanol hasil soxhletasi selama 4 jam (S4) (24,36 µg/mL). Aktivitas penghambatan enzim ꭤ-amilase tertinggi ditunjukkan oleh ekstrak etanol hasil soxhletasi selama 4 jam (S4) 750 µg/mL (92,95%). Dapat disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak etanol daun manggis yang diperoleh melali proses soxhletasi lebih efektif dalam menghambat enzim ꭤ-amilase dibandingkan dengan yang diperoleh melalui proses refluks. ABSTRACT This research was aimed to determine the content of phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and condensed tannins in ethanol extracts obtained through soxhletation and reflux of mangosteen leaves, and to determine their effectiveness in inhibiting the α-amylase enzyme. The research was conducted through the stages of preparation, extraction, determination of total phenolic, flavonoid, and condensed tannin content, as well as determination of α-amylase enzyme inhibition activity. The highest yield was obtained from the ethanol extract produced by reflux for 4 hours (R4) (19.88%) and the lowest was obtained from the ethanol extract produced by Soxhletation for 2 hours (S2) (7.97%). The highest total phenolic and flavonoid content was found in the ethanol extract produced by Soxhletation for 8 hours (S8) (226.73 µg/mL and 266.76 µg/mL). The highest condensed tannin content was obtained in the ethanol extract produced by Soxhletation for 4 hours (S4) (24.36 µg/mL). The highest α-amylase enzyme inhibition activity was shown by the ethanol extract produced by Soxhletation for 4 hours (S4) 750 µg/mL (92.95%). It can be concluded that the ethanol extract of mangosteen leaves obtained through the Soxhletation process is more effective in inhibiting the α-amylase enzyme compared to that obtained through the reflux process.

Aktivitas Penurunan Kadar Glukosa Ekstrak Daun Leilem (Clerodendrum minahassae L) Secara In-vitro dengan Metode Spektrofotometri UV-Vis Suoth, Elly; Mansauda, Karlah Lifie; Datu, Ronald Joy
CHEMISTRY PROGRESS Vol. 17 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Sam Ratulangi University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/cp.17.2.2024.58386

ABSTRAK Tingginya reaksi oksidasi menyebabkan terbetuknya radikal bebas dalam tubuh manusia yang dapat memicu berbagai penyakit degeneratif seperti diabetes mellitus. Tanaman endemik Sulawesi Utara salah satunya yaitu daun leilem telah terbukti pada penelitian sebelumnya memiliki aktivitas sebagai antioksidan. Pada penelitian sebelumnya telah diuji aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak serta beberapa fraksi daun leilem dan diperoleh hasil bahwa ekstrak daun leilem memiliki aktivitas antioksidan paling baik. Untuk itu penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melanjutkan penelitian sebelumnya dari daun leilem dengan melihat aktivitas penurunan kadar glukosa dari ekstrak daun leilem secara invitro dengan metode spektrofotometri UV-Vis menggunakan pereaksi Nelson Somogyi dengan kadar glukosa yang digunakan yaitu 40 ppm dan konsentrasi ekstrak yang digunakan adalam 20, 40, 60, 80 dan 100 ppm serta menguji kadar total fenol dan flavonoid pada ekstrak etanol daun leilem. Hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa ekstrak daun leilem dapat menurunkan kadar glukosa secara in vitro. Pada ekstrak dengan konsentrasi 20 ppm kadar glukosa menurun sebanyak 50,77%, ekstrak 40 ppm kadar glukosa menurun sebanyak 55,55%, 60 ppm ekstrak kadar glukosa turun sebanyak 60,45%, ekstrak 80 ppm kadar glukosa turun sebanyak 65,12 ppm dan ekstrak dengan konsentrasi 100 ppm kadar glukosa turun sebanyak 70,55%. Untuk kadar total fenol pada ekstrak yaitu 143,105 mg GAE/g dan total flavonoid pada ekstrak etanol daun leilem yaitu 76,265 mg QE/g ABSTRACT High oxidation reactions cause the formation of free radicals in the human body which can trigger various degenerative diseases such as diabetes mellitus. One of the endemic plants of North Sulawesi, leilem leaves, has been proven in previous research to have antioxidant activity. In previous research, the antioxidant activity of extracts and several fractions of leilem leaves had been tested and the results showed that leilem leaf extract had the best antioxidant activity. For this reason, this research aims to continue previous research on leilem leaves by looking at the activity of reducing glucose levels from leilem leaf extract in vitro using the UV-Vis spectrophotometric method using Nelson Somogyi reagent with the glucose level used being 40 ppm and the extract concentration used being 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 ppm and tested the total phenol and flavonoid levels in the ethanol extract of leilem leaves. The research results showed that leilem leaf extract could reduce glucose levels in vitro. In the extract with a concentration of 20 ppm the glucose level decreased by 50.77%, in the 40 ppm extract the glucose level decreased by 55.55%, in the 60 ppm extract the glucose level decreased by 60.45%, in the 80 ppm extract the glucose level decreased by 65.12 ppm and extracts with a concentration of 100 ppm glucose levels decreased by 70.55%. The total phenol content in the extract is 143.105 mg GAE/g and the total flavonoid content in the ethanol extract of leilem leaves is 76.265 mg QE/g

Material Berbasis Hidroksiapatit/Zeolit untuk Fotodegradasi Pewarna Sintetik di Bawah Cahaya Tampak Wuntu, Audy D.; Kamu, Vanda S.; Siwi, Vanny H.; Wuntu, Norrytha L.
CHEMISTRY PROGRESS Vol. 17 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Sam Ratulangi University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/cp.17.2.2024.58744

ABSTRAK Isu lingkungan terkait pencemaran zat warna sintetis dari limbah industri masih relevan dan terus dikaji. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mensintesis material fotokatalis berbahan dasar tulang ikan dan zeolit A (ZA) serta mengaplikasikannya untuk degradasi metilen biru, merah kongo, kristal violet, metil jingga, dan eriochrome black-T dalam larutan air. Tulang ikan dikalsinasi untuk memperoleh hidroksiapatit (HAp) dan HAp yang diperoleh dicampur dengan larutan silikat dan aluminat dalam sintesis zeolit A. Bahan yang dihasilkan kemudian perlakukan dengan AgNO3 dan diperoleh bahan komposit yang selanjutnya dikarakterisasi dengan teknik difraktometri sinar-X. Fotodegradasi zat warna sintetik dilakukan dengan cara menginteraksikan bahan komposit dengan larutan zat warna di bawah penyinaran cahaya tampak dan konsentrasi akhir zat warna diukur dengan spektrofotometer UV-vis. Analisis difraktogram komposit menunjukkan adanya komponen HAp, Ag-ZA, Ag3PO4, dan Ag. Berdasarkan jumlah zat warna yang terdegradasi per satuan massa komposit, komposit ini memiliki kemampuan terbesar dalam mendegradasi eriochrome black-T tetapi sulit untuk mendegradasi metil jingga. Jumlah komposit yang digunakan memengaruhi kemampuan komposit dalam mendegradasi zat warna. Semakin banyak jumlah komposit yang digunakan, semakin rendah jumlah zat warna yang dapat terdegradasi per satuan massa komposit.. ABSTRACT Environmental issues related to the pollution of synthetic dyes from industrial waste remain relevant and are continuously being studied. This research aimed to synthesize a photocatalyst material based on fish bones and zeolite A (ZA) and apply it for the degradation of methylene blue, congo red, crystal violet, methyl orange, and eriochrome black-T in aqueous solutions. Fish bones were calcined to obtain hydroxyapatite (HAp), and the obtained HAp was mixed with silicate and aluminate solutions in the synthesis of zeolite A. The resulting material was then treated with AgNO3 and a composite material was obtained, which was then characterized using X-ray diffractometry technique. The photodegradation of synthetic dyes was carried out by interacting the composite material with a dye solution under visible light irradiation, and the final concentration of the dye was measured using a UV-vis spectrophotometer. Analysis of the composite diffractogram showed the presence of HAp, Ag-ZA, Ag3PO4, and Ag components. Based on the amount of dye degraded per unit mass of composite, this composite has the greatest ability to degrade eriochrome black-T but has difficulty degrading methyl orange. The amount of composite used affected the ability of the composite to degrade dyes. The more composite used, the lower the amount of dye that could be degraded per unit mass of composite.

Analisis Kandungan Amilosa dan Antioksidan dari Tepung Pisang Goroho (Musa acuminafe, sp) Sakti, Dwi; Suryanto, Edi; Assa, Jan Rudolf
CHEMISTRY PROGRESS Vol. 17 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Sam Ratulangi University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/cp.17.2.2024.60296

Abstract Goroho banana (Musa acuminafe, sp) is a local banana variety native to North Sulawesi. Flour made from goroho bananas has a high nutritional content, consisting of 75.18% carbohydrates, 5.16% protein, and 0.97% fat. Its starch content reaches 70.78%, with 39.59% amylose and 31.19% amylopectin. This study aims to examine the amylose content and antioxidant activity in goroho banana flour. The research stages include material preparation, amylose content analysis, phytochemical component extraction, and testing of total phenolic content, tannin content, and antioxidant activity using DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP methods. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software. The results showed that the highest amylose content was found in sample P3, amounting to 15.19±0.28 µg/mL. The highest total phenolic content was found in sample P2, with a value of 25.41±2.31 µg/mL, while the highest total tannin content was observed in sample P4, amounting to 54.78±0.33 µg/mL. The highest antioxidant activity, based on DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP methods, was found in sample P2, with respective values of 81.15±0.14%, 99.04±0.27%, and 146.39±2.01 mmol/100 g. These findings indicate that goroho banana flour contains significant bioactive compounds and has potential as a natural source of antioxidants. Abstrak Pisang goroho (Musa acuminata, sp.) merupakan salah satu varietas pisang lokal khas Sulawesi Utara. Tepung dari pisang goroho memiliki kandungan gizi yang cukup tinggi, terdiri dari karbohidrat sebesar 75,18%, protein 5,16%, dan lemak 0,97%. Kandungan patinya mencapai 70,78%, dengan komposisi amilosa sebesar 39,59% dan amilopektin 31,19%. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji kandungan amilosa dan aktivitas antioksidan dalam tepung pisang goroho. Tahapan penelitian meliputi persiapan bahan, analisis kandungan amilosa, ekstraksi komponen fitokimia, serta pengujian kandungan total fenolik, tanin, dan aktivitas antioksidan menggunakan metode DPPH, ABTS, dan FRAP. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan software SPSS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kandungan amilosa tertinggi terdapat pada sampel P3 sebesar 15,19±0,28 µg/mL. Kandungan total fenolik tertinggi ditemukan pada sampel P2 dengan nilai 25,41±2,31 µg/mL, sedangkan kandungan total tanin tertinggi terdapat pada sampel P4 sebesar 54,78±0,33 µg/mL. Aktivitas antioksidan tertinggi berdasarkan metode DPPH, ABTS, dan FRAP secara berurutan ditemukan pada sampel P2, dengan nilai masing-masing sebesar 81,15±0,14%, 99,04±0,27%, dan 146,39±2,01 mmol/100 g. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa tepung pisang goroho memiliki kandungan senyawa bioaktif yang signifikan dan potensi sebagai sumber antioksidan alami.

Adsorpsi Kadmium(II) pada Tulang Ikan Termodifikasi Magnesium Wuntu, Audy Denny; Aritonang, Henry Fonda; Wijaya, Dwi Putra
CHEMISTRY PROGRESS Vol. 19 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Sam Ratulangi University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/cp.19.1.2026.65370

ABSTRAK Logam berat kadmium adalah salah satu polutan yang dapat masuk perairan melalui buangan berbagai industri yang terus berkembang. Di beberapa tempat di Indonesia, polutan ini telah terdeteksi dalam jumlah yang melebihi nilai ambang sehingga perlu terus dilakukan upaya untuk mengeliminasi logam berat dari perairan. Salah satu metode yang telah diketahui cukup efektif dan ekonomis adalah adsorpsi dan upaya untuk mengembangkan adsorben logam berat masih terus dilakukan. Dalam penelitian ini telah dilakukan modifikasi tulang ikan cakalang yang mengandung hidroksiapatit dengan magnesium untuk mendapatkan material adsorben yang lebih baik. Modifikasi dilakukan melalui reaksi tulang ikan dengan magnesium hidrogen fosfat dalam asam fosfat pada pH 2,3 dan kemudian dikalsinasi pada 600 oC. Material yang diperoleh kemudian dikarakterisasi dengan teknik XRD, SEM, dan XRF dan dievaluasi adsorpsinya dengan model adsorpsi Langmuir dan Freundlich. Karakterisasi dengan teknik XRD mengindikasikan terbentuknya whitlokit, suatu biomineral yang jarang ditemui dan diketahui memiliki karakter yang lebih baik dari hidroksiapatit. Evaluasi adsorpsi menunjukkan bahwa material hasil modifikasi memiliki kapasitas adsorpsi yang lebih besar dibanding dengan tulang ikan tidak termodifikasi. ABSTRACT Cadmium is a pollutant that can enter aquatic environments through waste discharged from various growing industries. In several locations across Indonesia, this pollutant has been detected in quantities exceeding the maximum permissible threshold, necessitating continuous efforts to eliminate heavy metals from waters. Adsorption is known as a highly effective and economical method, and efforts to develop heavy metal adsorbents are still ongoing. In this study, skipjack tuna bone containing hydroxyapatite was modified with magnesium to obtain a superior adsorbent material. The modification was performed through the reaction of fish bone with magnesium hydrogen phosphate in phosphoric acid at pH 2.3, followed by calcination at 600 °C. The resulting material was then characterized using XRD, SEM, and XRF techniques, and its adsorption performance was evaluated using the Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption models. Characterization by XRD indicated the formation of whitlockite, a rare biomineral known to possess better characteristics than hydroxyapatite. The adsorption evaluation demonstrated that the modified material exhibited a higher adsorption capacity compared to the unmodified fish bone.

Sintesis Nanobiochar Aktif Eceng Gondok (Eichornia crassipes) Sebagai Adsorben Sianida Dari Limbah Tambang Emas Rakyat Tuther, Paulix; Aritonang, Henry F.; Wuntu, Audy D.
CHEMISTRY PROGRESS Vol. 19 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Sam Ratulangi University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/cp.19.1.2026.66360

ABSTRAK Telah dilakukan penelitian mengenai sintesis nanobiochar dari eceng gondok pada suhu pirolisis 550°C. Sampel serbuk dan non aktivasi suhu 550°C (nanobiochar-550) maupun nanobiochar aktivasi basa NaOH (nanobiochar-550-AB) dari eceng gondok yang dihasilkan dikarakterisasi menggunakan X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope-Energy Dispersive X-Ray (SEM-EDX), Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Hasil karakterisasi membuktikan terbentuknya nanobiochar dari eceng gondok. Kemudian, nanobiochar hasil sintesis dianalisis kemampuannya sebagai adsorben sianida. Berdasarkan hasil analisis menggunakan Spektofotometer uv-vis menunjukkan bahwa nanobiochar dari eceng gondok mampu bertindak sebagai adsorben. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nanobiochar-550 mempunyai aktivitas absorpsi lebih besar dibandingkan nanobiochar-550-AB. Persentase adsorpsi ion sianida tertinggi untuk nanobiochar-550 yaitu waktu kontak 120 menit, dengan % adsorpsi sebesar : 93,0 % dan massa nanobiochar 0,1 gram. Sedangkan presentasi adsorpsi tertinggi untuk adsorben nanobiochar-550-AB juga berada pada menit ke-120 dengan persentase adsorpsi 89,0 % ABSTRACT Research has been conducted on the synthesis of nanobiochar from water hyacinth at a pyrolysis temperature of 550°C. Powder samples and non-activated samples at a temperature of 550°C (nanobiochar-550) as well as NaOH-activated nanobiochar (nanobiochar-550-AB) from water hyacinth were characterized using X -Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope-Energy Dispersive X-Ray (SEM-EDX), and Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The characterization results confirmed the formation of nanobiochar from water hyacinth. Subsequently, the synthesized nanobiochar was analyzed for its ability as a cyanide adsorbent. Based on the analysis results using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer, it was found that nanobiochar from water hyacinth is capable of acting as an adsorbent. The results showed that nanobiochar-550 has greater adsorption activity compared to nanobiochar-550-AB. The highest percentage of cyanide ion adsorption for nanobiochar-550 was at a contact time of 120 minutes, with an adsorption percentage of 93.0% and a nanobiochar mass of 0.1 grams. Meanwhile, the highest adsorption percentage for the nanobiochar-550-AB adsorbent was also at 120 minutes with an adsorption percentage of 89.0%.

Aktivitas Antioksidan dan Antibakteri dari Ekstrak dan Fraksi Daun Nilam (Pogostemon cablin Benth.) Hasil Penyulingan Wongkar, Threesanola Nasaret; Kamu, Vanda Selvana; Koleangen, Harry Steven Julius; Hutagalung, Fajar
CHEMISTRY PROGRESS Vol. 19 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Sam Ratulangi University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/cp.19.1.2026.66477

ABSTRAK Seiring dengan perubahan pola hidup masyarakat, masalah kesehatan di Indonesia menjadi semakin kompleks akibat paparan radikal bebas yang memicu stres oksidatif dan penyakit degeneratif seperti kanker, diabetes, serta penyakit kardiovaskular. Kondisi ini diperburuk oleh tingginya risiko infeksi bakteri patogen seperti Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli yang dapat merusak sel-sel tubuh. Dampak negatif radikal bebas dan infeksi tersebut dapat dicegah oleh senyawa antioksidan dan antibakteri yang mampu melindungi sel serta menghambat pertumbuhan mikroba. Daun nilam (Pogostemon cablin Benth) merupakan salah satu sumber herbal yang yang memiliki potensi sebagai antioksidan dan antibakteri karena masih mengandung senyawa metabolit sekunder seperti fenolik, flavonoid, dan tanin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan aktivitas antioksidan dan antibakteri dari ekstrak serta fraksi limbah daun nilam hasil penyulingan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa fraksi etil asetat (FEA) memiliki kandungan tertinggi pada total fenolik (43,31 µg/mL), flavonoid (78,90 µg/mL), dan tanin (22,78 µg/mL). FEA juga memberikan aktivitas antioksidan terkuat sebesar 96,61%. Pada uji antibakteri konsentrasi 30%, FEA menghasilkan zona hambat kategori kuat sebesar 16,80 mm terhadap S. aureus dan 15,25 mm terhadap E. coli. Hasil GC-MS menunjukkan bahwa dalam fraksi etil asetat daun nilam teridentifikasi beberapa senyawa dari golongan terpenoid dan asam lemak yang memiliki aktivitas antioksidan serta antibakteri. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian, ekstrak dan fraksi daun nilam (Pogostemon cablin Benth.) hasil penyulingan memiliki aktivitas antioksidan dan antibakteri. ABSTRACT Along with changes in public lifestyle, health issues in Indonesia have become increasingly complex due to exposure to free radicals, which trigger oxidative stress and degenerative diseases such as cancer, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. This condition is exacerbated by the high risk of infections from pathogenic bacteria, such as Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, which can damage body cells. The negative impacts of free radicals and these infections can be prevented by antioxidant and antibacterial compounds capable of protecting cells and inhibiting microbial growth. Patchouli leaves (Pogostemon cablin Benth) are a herbal source with potential as antioxidants and antibacterials, as they contain secondary metabolites such as phenolics, flavonoids, and tannins. This study aims to determine the antioxidant and antibacterial activities of extracts and fractions from patchouli leaf waste post-distillation. The results showed that the ethyl acetate fraction (FEA) had the highest content of total phenolics (43.31 µg/mL), flavonoids (78.90 µg/mL), and tannins (22.78 µg/mL). FEA also exhibited the strongest antioxidant activity at 96.61%. In the antibacterial test at a 30% concentration, FEA produced a strong inhibition zone of 16,80 mm against S. aureus and 15,25 mm against E. coli. GC-MS analysis identified several compounds from the terpenoid and fatty acid groups in the ethyl acetate fraction of patchouli leaves, which possess antioxidant and antibacterial activities. Based on the test results, the extracts and fractions of distilled patchouli leaf waste (Pogostemon cablin Benth) exhibit significant antioxidant and antibacterial activities.

Sintesis dan Karakterisasi Zeolit Y dari Pasir Vulkanik Gunung Soputan dengan Metode Hidrotermal sebagai Adsorben Logam Berat Timbal (Pb) Wijaya, Dwi Putra; Koleangen, Harry Steven Julius; Munandar, Nurharis
CHEMISTRY PROGRESS Vol. 19 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Sam Ratulangi University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/cp.19.1.2026.67951

ABSTRAK Telah dilakukan sintesis Zeolit Y secara hidrotermal berbasis pasir vulkanik Gunung Soputan. Hasil ekstraksi dan pengujian XRF menunjukkan ekstrak silika (SiO2) yang didapatkan dari pasir vulkanik Gunung Soputan memiliki kemurnian sebesar 92.37%. Pengujian karakterisasi dari Zeolit Y berdasarkan hasil XRD dan citra SEM menunjukkan munculnya peak pada 2θ = 6º, 10º, 15º, 23º, dan 27º dengan spesifik sudut 2θ = 6º [111] yang menunjukkan karakteristik Zeolite Y. Citra SEM menunjukkan tekstur permukaan material Zeolite Y yang cukup teratur dengan ukuran kristal 1-10 µm yang mengimplikasikan telah terbentuknya material Zeolit Y yang baik. Kemampuan Adsopsi dari Zeolit Y terhadap logam berat Pb pada variasi waktu kontak 40, 50, dan 60 menit, memiliki nilai masing-masing 79, 85,5, 93%. Kemampuan pemakaian kembali (lifetime) Zeolit Y yang didapat setelah tiga kali pemakaian. Menunjukkan kapasitas adsopsi Zeolit Y menurun. Kemampuan adsopsi setelah 3 kali pemakaian ulang yaitu sebesar 51%, 46,5%, dan 34,5% dengan nilai y = -1,65x + 12,1 dengan R² = 0,9356. ABSTRACT The synthesis of Y Zeolite was carried out hydrothermally using volcanic sand from Mount Soputan. The extraction and XRF testing results showed that the silica (SiO₂) obtained from the volcanic sand of Mount Soputan had a purity of 92.37%. Characterization tests of the Y Zeolite, based on XRD results and SEM images, revealed peaks at 2θ = 6º, 10º, 15º, 23º, and 27º, with specific angles at 2θ = 6º [111], which are characteristic of Y Zeolite. SEM images demonstrated a relatively regular surface texture of the Y Zeolite material with crystal particle sizes around 1-10 µm, indicating the formation of high-quality Y Zeolite material. The adsorption capacity of Y Zeolite for heavy metal Pb at contact times of 40, 50, and 60 minutes was 79%, 85.5%, and 93%, respectively. The reusability (lifetime) of Y Zeolite, after three cycles of use, showed a decrease in adsorption capacity. After three uses, the adsorption capacity was 51%, 46.5%, and 34.5%, with the regression equation y = -1,65x + 12,1 and R² = 0,9356.

Sintesis dan Karakterisasi Bioplastik Berbasis Selulosa Nitrat Sekam Padi dengan Penambahan Kitosan dan Sorbitol sebagai Plasticizer Asriani Hayatun; Maarebia, Rosalinda Zeniona; Irianti, Nova Tri; Mariyam, Dewi
CHEMISTRY PROGRESS Vol. 19 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Sam Ratulangi University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/cp.19.1.2026.68044

ABSTRAK Selulosa nitrat disintesis menggunakan selulosa hasil ekstraksi sebagai bahan baku melalui proses nitrasi menggunakan variasi perbandingan asam penitrasi. Selulosa nitrat yang dihasilkan berbentuk bubuk berwarna putih kekuningan dan dikarakterisasi menggunakan Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR). Hasil karakterisasi FTIR menunjukkan adanya puncak utama pada bilangan gelombang 1286 cm⁻¹ yang mengindikasikan keberadaan gugus nitrat (–NO), didukung oleh munculnya puncak serapan pada daerah 854,47 cm⁻¹ dan 752,24 cm⁻¹. Selulosa nitrat hasil sintesis selanjutnya digunakan sebagai bahan baku dalam pembuatan bioplastik dan dikombinasikan dengan komponen pendukung untuk memperoleh karakteristik material yang optimal. Produk bioplastik yang dihasilkan dikarakterisasi serta diuji sifat mekaniknya untuk menentukan formulasi terbaik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perbandingan asam penitrasi optimum dalam sintesis selulosa nitrat diperoleh pada rasio 7:3 (v/v) dengan kadar selulosa nitrat sebesar 67,5% dan kadar nitrat 4,17%. Bioplastik terbaik juga diperoleh pada perbandingan asam penitrasi 5:5 (v/v) dengan nilai kekuatan tarik sebesar 8,1268 MPa dan elongasi 8,8%. Selain itu, bioplastik yang dihasilkan mampu terdegradasi dalam waktu 21 hari dengan persentase kehilangan massa sebesar 21,02%, laju degradasi 0,0019 g/hari, serta estimasi waktu degradasi lengkap selama 100 hari. ABSTRACT Nitrate cellulose was synthesized using extracted cellulose as the raw material through a nitration process with various nitrating acid ratios. The synthesized nitrate cellulose was obtained in the form of a yellowish-white powder and characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The FTIR results revealed a major absorption peak at a wavenumber of 1286 cm⁻¹, indicating the presence of the nitrate functional group (–NO), supported by the appearance of absorption peaks at 854.47 cm⁻¹ and 752.24 cm⁻¹. The synthesized nitrate cellulose was subsequently utilized as a raw material for bioplastic production and combined with supporting components to obtain optimal material characteristics. The resulting bioplastic products were characterized and mechanically tested to determine the best formulation. The findings demonstrated that the optimum nitrating acid ratio for nitrate cellulose synthesis was 7:3 (v/v), resulting in a nitrate cellulose content of 67.5% and a nitrate content of 4.17%. The best bioplastic properties were also obtained at a nitrating acid ratio of 5:5 (v/v), with a tensile strength of 8.1268 MPa and an elongation of 8.8%. Furthermore, the resulting bioplastic was capable of degrading within 21 days, exhibiting a mass loss percentage of 21.02%, a degradation rate of 0.0019 g/day, and an estimated complete degradation time of 100 days.

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Abstract

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Contact Name
-

Contact Email
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Phone
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Journal Mail Official
-

Editorial Address
-

Location
Kota manado,

Sulawesi utara

INDONESIA