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U Karst
Published by Universitas Kadiri
ISSN : 25794620     EISSN : 25810855     DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.30737/ukarst
Core Subject : Engineering,
Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture
U KaRsT is a journal of the civil engineering research the University of Kadiri published twice a year in April and November. First published in April 2017. U KaRsT already has both ISSN printed and online, for ISSN (Print) is 2579-4620, and ISSN (Online) is 2581-0855.
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Articles 5 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol. 9 No. 2 (2025): NOVEMBER" : 5 Documents clear
Enhancement of Flexural Behavior Using Minimal Reinforced Concrete and Steel Slag as Fine Aggregate Replacement Sofianto, Mochamad Firmansyah; Wulandari, Meity; Nugroho, Yanuar Bayu; Heryanto, Muhammad Titho
UKaRsT Vol. 9 No. 2 (2025): NOVEMBER
Publisher : Kadiri University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30737/ukarst.v9i2.6865

Abstract

The ductility capacity of structural elements is influenced not only by the reinforcement steel but also by the quality of the concrete material. Recent mix designs increasingly consider the incorporation of industrial by-products such as steel slag. Therefore, steel slag waste can be utilized as an alternative material in the reinforced concrete, especially for simple beam elements. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of steel slag as a fine aggregate replacement for beams as simple structural elements. The replacement ratios of steel slag were 1%, 3%, 5%, and 7% by weight of fine aggregates. The specimens included cylindrical samples for compressive strength testing and rectangular beam with 100 cm in span, for flexural testing. Beam elements conducted with two points of loading and recorded the deflection in middle and draw the crack pattern on beam element. The results revealed that the highest compressive strength, 33.24 MPa, was achieved with a 7% steel slag substitution. A higher proportion of steel slag affected the deflection behavior and internal force capacity. Initial cracking occurred at an external load of approximately 800 kg, while reinforcement yielding was observed at around 2500 kg, leading to ultimate failure. The maximum deflection of 9.25 mm was recorded for the 7% mixture, which also demonstrated the highest moment capacity. Overall, the findings confirm that partial substitution of sand with steel slag significantly enhances the flexural performance of concrete beams, thus providing a sustainable material solution.
Modeling Factors Influencing Passenger Decisions on Intercity and Regional Railway Train Leinia, Audinda Virsa; Sidhiq, Sham
UKaRsT Vol. 9 No. 2 (2025): NOVEMBER
Publisher : Kadiri University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30737/ukarst.v9i2.6960

Abstract

The dependence on private vehicles has grown significantly in the past decade, impacting travel experience quality. Transportation companies need to focus on enhancing the loyalty through exploring choice behavior. Existing research often focuses on typical service attributes, but the comparative impact with more complex variables factors remains underexplored. This study aims to identify factors influencing intercity and regional rail passenger travel decisions. This research explores sociodemographics, travel behavior, and factors affecting their mode of choice. Survey data using questionnaires were collected from 649 respondents across four intercity and five regional rail services. Logistic regression models were developed with variable selection validated using the Wald significance test and model evaluation conducted. The results indicate that intercity rail travel choices are significantly influenced by disposable income, trip purpose, and onboard comfort attributes such as air conditioning and cleanliness. In contrast, regional train choice is largely driven by factors such as occupancy rate, frequency of use, travel time reduction, and cost sensitivity. These findings confirm that intercity and regional passengers represent distinct market segments shaped by different behavioral priorities. The resulting models demonstrated strong performance, with the intercity model explaining 76.8% of the variance in choice and achieving a predictive accuracy of 82.1%, while the regional model explained 58.9% of the variance with an accuracy of 63.8%. The findings suggest that fare adjustment strategies and service development focused on air conditioning, cleanliness, and travel time can enhance ridership for both train types, thereby enhancing the overall attractiveness of the public transportation system.
Integrated of Pore Water Pressure, Hydraulic Gradient and Time Lag for Early Warning System at Sindang Heula Dam Patra, Fadel Muhammad; Suharyanto; Sukamta
UKaRsT Vol. 9 No. 2 (2025): NOVEMBER
Publisher : Kadiri University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30737/ukarst.v9i2.7076

Abstract

Excessive pore water pressure (PWP) is a primary factor contributing to internal erosion and catastrophic failures in embankment dams, accounting for nearly 40% of dam-related incidents worldwide. Despite routine monitoring, current practices remain limited by the absence of integrated analytical frameworks that simultaneously evaluate multiple hydraulic parameters for early warning system. This study aims to design an early warning system based on PWP, hydraulic gradient, and time lag parameters. The research was conducted at Sindang Heula Dam with 1,696 daily observation data (2020–2025) from four upstream and four downstream piezometers. Linear regression analysis was employed to predict PWP at low (86.613 masl), normal (106.613 masl), and maximum (108.613 masl) reservoir water level (RWL) conditions. Hydraulic gradients were derived from upstream–downstream head differentials, while time lags were determined based on the delay between peak reservoir levels and corresponding piezometric responses. The results revealed that upstream piezometers exhibited rapid responses (7–14 days) with strong correlations RWL (R² = 0.71–0.81), while downstream piezometers show delayed responses (35–42 days) with weaker correlation RWL (R² = 0.31–0.44). Hydraulic gradients increased from 0.32 at low to 0.63 at maximum RWL, indicating intensified seepage potential. The proposed integrated framework introduces a three-tier (green–yellow–red) early warning system based on real-time RWL thresholds, thereby improving proactive risk mitigation and strengthening dam safety management.
Integrating Ecocriticality and Critical Path Method for Enhancing Time Efficiency and Reduce Environmental Impact Muin, Suriati Abd.; Watono; Putri, Cindy Melanie; Al-Asfahany, Salsabila
UKaRsT Vol. 9 No. 2 (2025): NOVEMBER
Publisher : Kadiri University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30737/ukarst.v9i2.7036

Abstract

Time efficiency and environmental responsibility are increasingly recognized as essential dimensions of modern construction management. However, most scheduling studies using the Critical Path Method (CPM) primarily focus on duration optimization, whereas the ecological impacts associated with critical activities remain overlooked. This study aims to combine CPM with an ecocriticality-based assessment of time efficiency by considering the associated ecological burden. A case study was conducted on the construction of the Integrated Laboratory and Landscape Building at the Habibie Institute of Technology in Parepare, Indonesia. Project scheduling data, cost budget documents, and material volume records were analyzed to identify critical path activities and quantify their ecological burden. Ecocriticality Index (IE) was assessed based on four weighted environmental parameters, such as material consumption, solid waste generation, reuse potential, and embodied emissions. The results show that the integration of CPM with Ecocriticality provides a more comprehensive scheduling basis by simultaneously combining time efficiency and ecological burden. Its application resulted in an optimal duration of 1 week faster and identified floor and foundation elements with the highest environmental impact and located on the critical path. This integration also produced three priority schemes that can be used as a basis for selecting intervention strategies. These findings confirm that project acceleration decisions cannot be separated from ecological assessments. The integration of CPM and Ecocriticality provides an approach that can be applied to various projects to improve time efficiency while reducing environmental impacts and supporting sustainable construction.
Increasing the Safety Factor of Clay Shale Slopes Using Bored Pile by Limit Equilibrium Method Simanjuntak, Mario Antoni; Fathki, Redha; Sriyana
UKaRsT Vol. 9 No. 2 (2025): NOVEMBER
Publisher : Kadiri University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30737/ukarst.v9i2.7106

Abstract

The clay shale slopes of the Rukoh Dam Supplementary Structure exhibit high susceptibility to weathering and shear strength reduction, which directly impacts long-term stability. This vulnerability demonstrates the importance of slope reinforcement and the need to consider the fully softened condition that represents the long-term behavior of degraded clay shale material in the field. This study aims to determine the stability of the Rukoh Dam Supplementary Structure’s clay shale slopes with bored pile reinforcement. Soil characteristic data were tested in the Laboratory to obtain shear strength. Evaluations were performed at peak and fully softened conditions using Fellenius and Plaxis LE calculations. The bored pile design was calculated based on the slope stability evaluation results and requirements to achieve a safety factor of 1.5. The results showed that slope stability was significantly reduced when the material was fully softened, with a safety factor of 0.74, thus not meeting long-term service requirements. Increasing the stability to FS 1.5 was achieved using a bored pile system with a diameter of 0.8 m and a total length of about 11 m, which can provide a moment capacity of about 364,818 kNm. These findings indicate that bored pile reinforcement can improve long-term slope stability under clay shale conditions.

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