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INDONESIA
Emerging Science Journal
Published by Ital Publication
ISSN : 26109182     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Social,
Environmental Science
Emerging Science Journal is not limited to a specific aspect of science and engineering but is instead devoted to a wide range of subfields in the engineering and sciences. While it encourages a broad spectrum of contribution in the engineering and sciences. Articles of interdisciplinary nature are particularly welcome.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 874 Documents
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Expected Values of Molecular Descriptors in Random Polyphenyl Chains Zahid Raza; Kiran Naz; Sarfraz Ahmad
Emerging Science Journal Vol 6, No 1 (2022): February
Publisher : Ital Publication

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/ESJ-2022-06-01-012

Abstract

A chemical graph is a model used to indicate a chemical combination. In a molecular graph, vertices define atoms, and edges are represented as chemical bonds. A topological index is a single number to characterize the graph of a molecule. In this article, we study the topological properties of some special chains. The polyphenyl chains with hexagons are graphs of aromatic organic compounds. The key purpose of this article is to explore the expected value of Sombor, reduced Sombor, and average Sombor index for this category of organic compounds. It was investigated that the Sombor, reduced Sombor and average Sombor index revealed adequate discriminative potential of alkanes. It has been tested that these indicators can be used effectively in modeling chemical thermodynamic structures. The average value of the Sombor, reduced Sombor, and average Sombor index for the set of all spiro and random polyphenyl chains has been determined. Finally, the ratio between the expected values of these mentioned indices for both random chains has been resolved. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2022-06-01-012 Full Text: PDF
Magnetic Contactless Crank-rocker Machine Adnan Ishtay; Mohammad Awwad Al-Dabbas
Emerging Science Journal Vol 6, No 2 (2022): April
Publisher : Ital Publication

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/ESJ-2022-06-02-07

Abstract

Objective: In this paper, a proposed technique of motion transmission is introduced, which is based on the crank-rocker principle of motion. The energy transmission action is performed through magnetic force, in which no direct connection is made between the energy source input and the energy load output. Also, to illustrate the concept of motion and to approve the continuity of energy transmission using this proposed technique, a simple model of this mechanism has been built and run, showing the basic sequence of operation. Methodology/analysis: In this mechanical transmission mechanism, one side is rotating and the other side is vibrating, in which any side is energy input (which is usually the vibrating rocker), and the other side is energy output (which is the rotating crank). That seems similar to the classical crank-rocker machine in the four-bar mechanism, but without direct mechanical contact between the input and output energy stream. The concept of motion and mathematical analysis with structuring conditions is provided in this paper, where the dynamic analysis of the system is left for future work. A pilot physical prototype is manufactured and experimentally tested, validating the proposed design. Findings: The structural parameters of this proposed contactless crank-rocker machine have been modelled and simulated using the MATLAB program. It shows that these parameters could be selected and optimized to guarantee the minimum conditions for continued energy transmission. Based on these parameters, a simple model has been built and operated, which illustrates the concept of motion and validates the finding of MATLAB simulation. Novelty/improvement:Contactless crank-rocker motion is a very promising technique. It is possible to apply it in many applications, like the energy harvesting area, and it could be employed certainly in specific designs, such as MEMS, where no other motion transmission types can be used. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2022-06-02-07 Full Text: PDF
Impediments of Green Finance Adoption System: Linking Economy and Environment Kanwal Iqbal Khan; Mário Nuno Mata; José Moleiro Martins; Adeel Nasir; Rui Miguel Dantas; Anabela Batista Correia; Mahr Umar Saghir
Emerging Science Journal Vol 6, No 2 (2022): April
Publisher : Ital Publication

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/ESJ-2022-06-02-02

Abstract

Environmental deregulation has become a severe concern for public health around the world. Increased pollution and ecological degradation have diverted attention towards adopting green practices, which can be possible if the sustainable green finance system is implemented in its true spirit. But previous studies reported certain factors affecting its implementation process, particularly in developing countries. This study aims to identify and quantify the barriers to adopting a green finance system. First, it identified twenty barriers through an extensive literature review and semi-structured interviews with experts in the fields of financial management, economics, and environmental sciences. Later, eighteen factors were finalized by the consensus of panel experts, which was further used to analyze their interrelationship through Interpretive Structural Modelling (ISM). Using MICMAC analysis, these barriers were categorized based on their diving-dependence powers. Finally, the conceptual ISM model is developed that provides a clear picture of the impediments to the green finance adoption system and their flow relationship among the identified barriers at different levels. The findings suggest that global level factors: lack of pressure from international organizations and unavailability of globally acceptable green criteria are critical to the prevalence of other factors that indicate its centrality to effectively implementing the green finance system. The developed model helps in designing, implementing, and promoting eco-friendly projects. It is also recommended that an appropriate framework is required to be developed at global, country, organizational, and individual levels to deal with the barriers of the green finance adoption system. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2022-06-02-02 Full Text: PDF
Multi-Factor Triage Algorithm (MUFTA): Quantitative and Qualitative Ethical Factors on Triage Decisions During COVID-19 Shamsuddin Ahmed; Rayan H. Alsisi
Emerging Science Journal Vol 6 (2022): Special Issue "COVID-19: Emerging Research"
Publisher : Ital Publication

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/esj-2022-SPER-07

Abstract

Background: This study shows how multiple ethical criteria evaluations result in patient screening and ranking. Furthermore, as Omicron outbreaks increase, hospital emergency departments will become overburdened with critically ill patients. It is a one-of-a-kind global triage algorithm for infectious decreases of COVID-19 and Omicron. The algorithm is qualitative and quantitative, and adaptable to various bio-ethical and social factors. The measurement of the evaluation process eliminates any inconsistencies, which is an advantage of a decision-making algorithm. The proposed algorithm is unique because there are no similar algorithms in the literature that provide triage guidelines based on social ethics, bioethics, and human dignity. Objective: It's simple to evaluate a patient's potential benefits when ethical triage judgments are structured and transparent. Furthermore, decisions made primarily based on economic considerations in stressful situations overlook the socioeconomic realities of the underprivileged. This triage algorithm eliminates the need for ad hoc triage evaluations and facilitates criteria for inclusion, such as human dignity. It also takes into account patient comorbidities and social, ethical issues. Method: Healthcare professionals use predefined ethical criteria to assign relative rankings among patients based on treatment response and social circumstances. It is a Delphi method for evaluating patient illnesses with the help of medical professionals. For example, the admission to the intensive care unit and providing a ventilator depend entirely on hierarchical multidimensional triage scoring results. This algorithm can evaluate triage scores quickly. It is robust, accurate, and quick in assessment, evaluation, and reevaluation during an emergency. A team of three experts can implement this algorithm. Result: The Consistency Scores (CR) show how well clinical and non-clinical ethical criteria may be used to make triage judgments. As a result, all specialists have reported allogeneic reactions in the triage assessment. Furthermore, this system enables decision-makers to identify cognitive biases that may influence their decisions. A Group Consciousness Ratio (GCR) of over 85% indicates that the decision-making process is transparent. Patients with a high level of social dependency, a reasonable probability of recovery, a favorable weighted average comorbidity score, and those who are less fortunate are all considered in the overall triage decision. Conclusions: This algorithm differentiates patients who need ICU (Incentive Care Unit) care and do not immediately require critical resources. As a result, patients queue up on a waiting list when the ICU demand spikes due to the increased incidence of COVID-19 infection or its variants. This situation presents a dilemma for the triage policy. Therefore, a national emergency policy requires monetary and technical assistance to expand healthcare facilities. However, the clarity of this triage policymaking is at odds with decision-makers interested in manipulating results. It is challenging to deal with consistency issues in the Delphi process in group decision-making without professional moderators and valid evaluation metrics. Therefore, transparency, consistency, and strong judgment are essential elements of the presented algorithm. Doi: 10.28991/esj-2022-SPER-07 Full Text: PDF
The Impact of COVID–19 on Albanian Tourism Sevdie Alshiqi; Arbana Sahiti
Emerging Science Journal Vol 6 (2022): Special Issue "COVID-19: Emerging Research"
Publisher : Ital Publication

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/esj-2022-SPER-03

Abstract

Objectives: Nowadays, tourism continues to represent the most dynamic and open part of the countries’ economic system. This research paper explores tourism in Albania over the years, with particular focus on the development of tourism during the pandemic situation, mainly the number of entrances and exits of visitors to the country compared to the years before. Methods/Analysis: This study will take into consideration the secondary data provided by the World Travel and Tourism Council and INSTAT Albania focused on 2020 as the pandemic year, compared to the previous years by investigating the movements of visitors in Albania, their origins, and the ways of travel through seaports, air, or land. The travel purposes of Albanian visitors are different, but this research will focus only on those purposes for holidays during the summer season. The data will be presented through the percentage of a frequency distribution at each entrance and exit point, in some cases explained by tables and graphs, comparing the months in the peak summertime. Findings: Statistical analyses represented in this research give a clear picture of developing tourism in Albania during the pandemic year, mostly tourists from Kosovo. Improvement: This research paper summarized some specific recommendations to the government institutions and SMEs specializing in the tourism sector to be ready for the future challenge, even deep dives in the pandemic zone.JEL Classification:N 20, N3 E24, P23 J5 Doi: 10.28991/esj-2022-SPER-03 Full Text: PDF
A Fuzzy Approach to the Synthesis of Cognitive Maps for Modeling Decision Making in Complex Systems Aslan A. Tatarkanov; Islam A. Alexandrov; Leonid M. Chervjakov; Tatyana V. Karlova
Emerging Science Journal Vol 6, No 2 (2022): April
Publisher : Ital Publication

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/ESJ-2022-06-02-012

Abstract

The object of this study is fuzzy cognitive modeling as a means of studying semistructured socio-economic systems. The features of constructing cognitive maps, providing the ability to choose management decisions in complex semistructured socio-economic systems, are described. It is shown that further improvement of technologies necessary for developing decision support systems and their practical use is still relevant. This work aimed to improve the accuracy of cognitive modeling of semistructured systems based on a fuzzy cognitive map of structuring nonformalized situations (MSNS) with the evaluation of root-mean-square error (RMSE) and mean average squared error (MASE) coefficients. In order to achieve the goal, the following main methods were used: systems analysis methods, fuzzy logic and fuzzy sets theory postulates, theory of integral wavelet transform, correlation and autocorrelation analyses. As a result, a new methodology for constructing MSNS was proposed—a map of structuring nonformalized situations that combines the positive properties of previous fuzzy cognitive maps. The solution of modeling problems based on this methodology should increase the reliability and quality of analysis and modeling of semistructured systems and processes under uncertainty. The analysis using open datasets proved that compared to the classical ARIMA, SVR, MLP, and Fuzzy time series models, our proposed model provides better performance in terms of MASE and RMSE metrics, which confirms its advantage. Thus, it is advisable to use our proposed algorithm in the future as a mathematical basis for developing software tools for the analysis and modeling of problems in semistructured systems and processes. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2022-06-02-012 Full Text: PDF
Design of New Evaluation Model Based on Discrepancy Daiwi Asuri Sampad Dewa Gede Hendra Divayana; I Putu Wisna Ariawan; Agus Adiarta
Emerging Science Journal Vol 6, No 1 (2022): February
Publisher : Ital Publication

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/ESJ-2022-06-01-013

Abstract

The effectiveness of flipped learning can be realized if the dominant aspects that become positive and negative inequalities are known from the beginning. Positive inequality is used to indicate aspects that support the successful flipped learning implementation. Negative inequality is used to indicate aspects that need attention for improvement in a better direction. The reality is very difficult to determine the aspects that are included in the positive and negative inequalities. Therefore, an innovation of the IT education evaluation model is needed to be able to solve those problems. The DIVAYANA model that is modified with the Discrepancy model and integrated with the Daiwi Sampad and Asuri Sampad concepts can be used as an innovation in the field of IT education evaluation. The main objective of this research was to show the design quality of the new evaluation model integrated with Balinese local wisdom. It is called the DIVAYANA model based on the Discrepancy Daiwi Asuri Sampad which can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of flipped learning implementation at IT vocational schools. This research was carried out by following the stages of the Borg and Gall development model. This research only focused on five stages from a total of ten development stages. Those stages included: 1) research and field data collection, 2) planning, 3) design development, 4) initial trials, and 5) revision of initial trials. The subjects involved in collecting field data were six people. The subjects involved in planning and designing of evaluation model were three people. The subjects involved in the initial trials were 44 people. Subjects involved in the revision of initial trial results were three people. Questionnaires were used to collect field data and conduct preliminary trials. The results of data collection from the initial trial results were analyzed using quantitative descriptive analysis techniques by percentage descriptive calculations. The results showed that the quality level of the DIVAYANA model design based on the Discrepancy Daiwi Asuri Sampadwas 88.25%. So that the design was included in the good category and can be used to determine the dominant aspects that become the positive and negative inequalities in flipped learning implementation. The contribution of this research to the field of education is to show the existence of a new evaluation model in the IT education field which can be used to determine the dominant aspects that become positive and negative inequalities in supporting the successful flipped learning implementation at IT vocational schools. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2022-06-01-013 Full Text: PDF
Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Audit Quality: Lessons and Opportunities Saddam A. Hazaea; Mosab I. Tabash; Abdul Aziz Abdul Rahman; Saleh F. A. Khatib; Jinyu Zhu; H Gin Chong
Emerging Science Journal Vol 6 (2022): Special Issue "COVID-19: Emerging Research"
Publisher : Ital Publication

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/esj-2022-SPER-06

Abstract

This study aims to identify the impact of COVID-19 on audit quality based on the investigation of three auditing aspects, namely: audit fees, audit procedures, and auditors' salaries in Saudi Arabia and Yemen. For data collection, fifty-five (55) questionnaires were distributed to internal auditors, external auditors, managers of audit offices, and financial managers. Eleven managers of audit offices and auditors were interviewed. A descriptive, regression analysis, and T-test were used. The study results reveal that the audit quality has been significantly affected due to the devastating effect of COVID-19 on audit fees, audit procedures, and audit staff salaries. In addition, the results show that Yemen is severely affected due to several factors, which include a lack of modern auditing systems. Also, private ownership of establishments and the absence of laws for determining audit fees negatively impacted the audit quality. Being the first of a practical kind, this study provides a significant contribution to the existing literature on the impact of COVID-19 on the quality of auditing. This would be useful for corporations, audit offices, auditors, and researchers. Moreover, this study can bridge the identified research gap on this topic and provide empirical evidence about the impact of COVID-19 on audit quality. Doi: 10.28991/esj-2022-SPER-06 Full Text: PDF
Fingerprint Database Enhancement by Applying Interpolation and Regression Techniques for IoT-based Indoor Localization Dwi Joko Suroso; Farid Yuli Martin Adiyatma; Panarat Cherntanomwong; Pitikhate Sooraksa
Emerging Science Journal Vol 4 (2020): Special Issue "IoT, IoV, and Blockchain" (2020-2021)
Publisher : Ital Publication

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/esj-2021-SP1-012

Abstract

Most applied indoor localization is based on distance and fingerprint techniques. The distance-based technique converts specific parameters to a distance, while the fingerprint technique stores parameters as the fingerprint database. The widely used Internet of Things (IoT) technologies, e.g., Wi-Fi and ZigBee, provide the localization parameters, i.e., received signal strength indicator (RSSI). The fingerprint technique advantages over the distance-based method as it straightforwardly uses the parameter and has better accuracy. However, the burden in database reconstruction in terms of complexity and cost is the disadvantage of this technique. Some solutions, i.e., interpolation, image-based method, machine learning (ML)-based, have been proposed to enhance the fingerprint methods. The limitations are complex and evaluated only in a single environment or simulation. This paper proposes applying classical interpolation and regression to create the synthetic fingerprint database using only a relatively sparse RSSI dataset. We use bilinear and polynomial interpolation and polynomial regression techniques to create the synthetic database and apply our methods to the 2D and 3D environments. We obtain an accuracy improvement of 0.2m for 2D and 0.13m for 3D by applying the synthetic database. Adding the synthetic database can tackle the sparsity issues, and the offline fingerprint database construction will be less burden. Doi: 10.28991/esj-2021-SP1-012 Full Text: PDF
Response Surface Methodology for Formulating PVA/Starch/Lignin Biodegradable Plastic Ratnawati Ratnawati; Retno Wulandari; Andri Cahyo Kumoro; Hadiyanto Hadiyanto
Emerging Science Journal Vol 6, No 2 (2022): April
Publisher : Ital Publication

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/ESJ-2022-06-02-03

Abstract

The use of petroleum-based plastics has raised environmental issues as more plastic waste enters and accumulates in the environment. It has led to the development of biodegradable plastics. Starch is one of the potential materials to make biodegradable plastic, but starch-based plastic has poor mechanical strength. Blending starch with poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and lignin is expected to improve the mechanical properties of the plastic. Biodegradable plastic films from PVA/starch/lignin blends with glycerol as a plasticizer were prepared using an internal mixer for compounding and a hot press molding machine for film making. The percentage of lignin (2-10%), glycerol (25-65%), and mixing temperature (190-230 oC) were varied according to the three levels of the Box-Behnken design. The ANOVA evaluation revealed that glycerol had the most significant effect on the mechanical properties of the film. Then, three models for the estimation of tensile strength, elongation at break, and tear resistance were developed. As expected, the models satisfactorily predict the effect of all input variables on the response variables. The optimum conditions for preparing the film were acquired from the equations, namely 197.6 oC for the temperature, 10% for lignin, and 45.1% for glycerol. The biodegradable plastic prepared using the optimum conditions possessed a tensile strength of 8.46 ± 1.08 MPa, an elongation at break of 139.00 ± 8.59%, and a tear resistance of 69.50 ± 2.50 N/mm. These values are in good agreement with the predicted values. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2022-06-02-03 Full Text: PDF

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