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INDONESIA
Emerging Science Journal
Published by Ital Publication
ISSN : 26109182     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Social,
Environmental Science
Emerging Science Journal is not limited to a specific aspect of science and engineering but is instead devoted to a wide range of subfields in the engineering and sciences. While it encourages a broad spectrum of contribution in the engineering and sciences. Articles of interdisciplinary nature are particularly welcome.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 803 Documents
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Empoasca Pest Attack Classification on Tea Plantations Using Multispectral Imaging and Deep Learning Kurniawan, Bella K.; Suratman, Fiky Y.; Fauziah, Fani; Vidyaningtyas, Hurianti; Saputri, Desti M.; Pramudita, Aloysius A.
Emerging Science Journal Vol. 9 No. 4 (2025): August
Publisher : Ital Publication

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/ESJ-2025-09-04-04

Abstract

This study aims to enhance the management of Empoasca pests in tea cultivation, a critical sector for Indonesia’s economy, by developing an innovative detection method. The challenge of pest infestations may significantly reduce tea production yields, and the misuse of chemical pesticides further compromises tea quality. We propose a novel approach that integrates multispectral imaging with Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), specifically employing ResNet-50 and AlexNet architectures to accurately detect Empoasca infestations. We begin with the data collection process, followed by the development of the preprocessing model and evaluation of its performance. We classify tea leaves affected by Empoasca pests using spectral data obtained from a multispectral camera operating across Green, NIR (Near Infrared), REG (Red Edge), and RED channels. We evaluated various spectral channels and identified the green spectrum as the most effective for revealing visual characteristics, such as curled leaves associated with Empoasca damage. Experimental results demonstrated that ResNet-50 outperformed AlexNet, achieving a remarkable accuracy of 99% on the green channel, while AlexNet showed notable accuracy declines on other channel combinations. These findings underscore the effectiveness of the green spectrum and the superiority of ResNet-50 in achieving precise pest detection, offering a reliable technological solution for modern tea plantation management.
Gradient Descent Decision Tree Algorithm and Nonlinear Programming for Credit Risk Assessment and Credit Strategy Chen, Guoqing; Chutiman, Nipaporn; Suraphee, Sujitta; Volodin, Andrei; Busababodhin, Piyapatr
Emerging Science Journal Vol. 9 No. 4 (2025): August
Publisher : Ital Publication

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/ESJ-2025-09-04-05

Abstract

This research aimed to develop a scientific and accurate credit risk assessment model for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to support banks in credit decision-making. An improved decision tree model is proposed by integrating regularization to control complexity and employing an ensemble learning approach to enhance prediction accuracy. Multiple weak classifiers are iteratively refined using gradient descent optimization to form a robust, strong classifier. The model is trained through supervised learning, with the default probability of SMEs as the objective function, enabling a quantitative assessment of credit risk. The findings show that the proposed gradient descent decision tree algorithm achieves an AUC of 0.99 under 70% and 80% training set ratios, outperforming Adaptive Boosting (AUC = 0.97), Random Forest (AUC = 0.91), and traditional decision trees (AUC = 0.82). To further optimize bank loan strategies, this paper constructs a nonlinear multi-objective programming model that maximizes expected loan returns while considering risk constraints. The proposed approach not only improves credit risk prediction but also assists banks in formulating optimal lending strategies. This study advances credit risk modelling by integrating regularization and ensemble learning, offering a novel and practical solution for SME credit assessment.
Sustainability Transformation: Leadership, Innovation, and Strategic Flexibility Improve Sustainability Performance Hidayat, Rahmat; Komarudin; Wibowo, Setyo F.; Sorongan, Fangky A.
Emerging Science Journal Vol. 9 No. 4 (2025): August
Publisher : Ital Publication

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/ESJ-2025-09-04-09

Abstract

This study investigates how sustainability leadership impacts sustainability performance through strategic flexibility and sustainability innovation, which function as the mediators. This study collected data from 200 respondents using purposive sampling and 6-point Likert scale questionnaires. The data were subsequently analyzed using PLS-SEM. The findings confirm that sustainability leadership significantly and positively impacts sustainability performance through strategic flexibility and innovation. Additionally, data analysis revealed that sustainability leadership has a positive and significant impact on strategic flexibility and sustainability innovation. This study highlights the unique aspect of the Indonesian mining sector. It has not received extensive examination regarding sustainability and sustainability leadership as systems thinking that requires the perspective of interdependent structures and adaptability to changes. Strategic flexibility, as an organization's capability to adapt to changes reactively and proactively, is crucial to the organization's effort to create sustainability innovation to ensure sustainability performance.
The Impact of Innovation-Driven Digital Transformation on Export Performance of SMEs Tran, The Tuan; Tran, Khanh; Tho, Do Thi
Emerging Science Journal Vol. 9 No. 4 (2025): August
Publisher : Ital Publication

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/ESJ-2025-09-04-03

Abstract

This study uses quantitative research methods to analyze the impact of innovation-driven digital transformation on the export performance of small and medium-sized enterprises in Vietnam. Data was collected from 403 valid responses from exporting enterprises and analyzed using the partial least squares structural equation model (PLS-SEM). The factors considered include management capacity, corporate culture, competitive pressure, enterprise resources, and government support. Digital transformation was identified as an intermediary variable between these factors and export performance. The research results indicate that digital transformation directly and significantly impacts export performance (β = 0.523, p < 0.01). At the same time, management capacity (β = 0.296, p < 0.01) and competitive pressure (β = 0.295, p <0.01) are important factors promoting the digital transformation process, while enterprise resources (β = 0.274, p < 0.01) and enterprise culture (β = 0.145, p < 0.01) also positively support it. Despite having a lower impact, government support (β = 0.118, p < 0.01) still encourages enterprises to apply digital technology. The study provides practical insights for policymakers and businesses to optimize digital transformation strategies, emphasizing the need for more substantial managerial capabilities and competitive adaptability. Unlike previous research, this study highlights corporate culture and competitive pressure as crucial factors shaping digital transformation in Vietnam’s export sector. Based on the results, the study proposes solutions to enhance competitiveness and export efficiency for small and medium-sized enterprises in Vietnam.
Impact of Technologically Vigilant Leadership on Smart Sustainable Circular Supply Chain Management Huy, Pham Quang; Phuc, Vu Kien
Emerging Science Journal Vol. 9 No. 4 (2025): August
Publisher : Ital Publication

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/ESJ-2025-09-04-07

Abstract

The main aim of this study is to explore how technologically vigilant leadership (TVL) impacts on smart sustainable circular supply chain management (SSCSCM) in the context of Industry 6.0. This is accomplished by analyzing the mediating effect of the digital environment management accounting system (DEMA) in the relationship between TVL and SSCSCM. This research evaluated the proposed model using two distinct statistical methods within the framework of structural equation modelling, which facilitated the assessment of both linear and non-linear correlations among the constructs. The data was obtained from a sample of respondents employed in small and medium enterprises. Linear relationships were analyzed using SmartPLS, whereas non-linear relationships were examined with WarpPLS. In both instances, the influence of TVL on SSCSCM was significant and positive, as demonstrated by CB-SEM in SmartPLS 4.1.0.9 and PLS-SEM in WarpPLS 7.0. Furthermore, DEMA partially mediated the relationship between TVL and SSCSCM. The current investigation is one of the few that provides conclusive evidence on the impact of TVL on SSCSCM. Also, it offers new insights by highlighting that DEMA partially mediates the relationship between TVL and SSCSCM. These profound insights would provide guidance for practitioners and policymakers in developing improved TVL mechanisms to leverage the advantages of DEMA and thereby strengthen SSCSCM.
Structural Equation Modeling of Factors Affecting Accountability-Based Accounting in Public Sector Entities Hien, Nguyen Thi Thu; Hai, Phan Hong; Bui, Thi Thu Thao; Tuan, Dang Anh
Emerging Science Journal Vol. 9 No. 4 (2025): August
Publisher : Ital Publication

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/ESJ-2025-09-04-023

Abstract

Objectives: This study aims to identify factors influencing accountability-based accounting and propose a conceptual framework for public-sector accounting to enhance decision-making and accountability. Methods/Analysis: Conducted in Vietnam in 2023, the research employs quantitative analysis of survey data collected from 492 civil servants across 282 public entities, using SmartPLS for structural equation modeling. Findings: There are significant positive correlations between accountability-based accounting and four key factors: accrual-based accounting, felt accountability, information disclosure, and financial report quality. Among these, accrual-based accounting exerts the most substantial direct influence on the use of accounting information for accountability purposes. Felt accountability demonstrates direct and indirect effects, mediating relationships between other factors. The study highlights that effective accountability requires account givers to align with account holders’ needs, legitimacy, and expertise, while accrual-based accounting must prioritize improving user comprehension and usability of information. Novelty/Improvement: Transparency and publicity are critical for ensuring public-sector accounting information is reliable, relevant, and actionable. The proposed framework advances public-sector accounting theory by integrating accountability as a foundational principle, offering practical guidance for policymakers to strengthen accountability mechanisms. This research contributes a novel perspective by empirically validating the interplay of accounting components within an accountability-centric model, providing a basis for future conceptual and regulatory developments in public sector.
Impact of Green Marketing Elements on Consumers: A Behavioral Approach Quynh, Pham Ngoc Huong; Thu, Cuc Ly; Pandey, Krishan K.; Phuong, Nguyen Van
Emerging Science Journal Vol. 9 No. 4 (2025): August
Publisher : Ital Publication

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/ESJ-2025-09-04-028

Abstract

This research examines the factors influencing green purchasing behavior in the Vietnamese market, utilizing the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) as its foundation. Utilizing an online questionnaire survey of 596 Vietnamese consumers from December 2023 to February 2024, the research examines the influence of key factors, including green advertising, awareness of green products, environmental awareness, subjective norms, attitude toward green products, and green pricing on consumer purchase intentions and behaviors. The research utilized the technical of Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) to examine and confirm the proposed hypotheses. The findings reveal that the most influential factor on consumer purchase intentions and behaviors is the attitude toward green products, highlighting the crucial role of consumer perceptions and values regarding environmentally friendly products. Furthermore, green advertising and awareness of green products also play a vital role in shaping consumer intentions. While subjective norms and green pricing also show an influence, they have a lesser impact. This study contributes both theoretically and practically by offering valuable insights for marketers and policymakers designing effective green marketing strategies that enhance consumer engagement and encourage the adoption of environmentally friendly products in Vietnam.
The Impact of Land Transfer on Farmers' Happiness: The Mediating Effect of Social Aspects Zhang, Weiwei; Zhou, Qiuxiang; Li, Wei; Nupueng, Somjai
Emerging Science Journal Vol. 9 No. 4 (2025): August
Publisher : Ital Publication

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/ESJ-2025-09-04-010

Abstract

This study investigated the mechanism through which land transfer impacts farmers' happiness in China, focusing on the mediating roles of household income and social equity, and the moderating effect of social capital. Utilizing convenience sampling through WJX platform, 431 farmers in Guangxi (2024) were selected as samples, and conducted structural equation modeling with Smart-PLS 4.0. Key findings reveal: (1) Land transfer exerts a significant positive effect on farmers' happiness; (2) Household income and social equity mediate 69.63% of this effect, with social equity demonstrating stronger mediation; (3) Social capital amplifies the equity pathway while showing nonsignificant moderation on income effects. Methodologically, this study applied multi-mediation moderated SEM in farmers' happiness studies, integrating both economic and psychosocial dimensions. Theoretically, these results challenge conventional income-centric paradigms by establishing social equity as the dominant mechanism, revealing that policy effectiveness in land reforms depends more on equity perceptions than absolute income gains. They provide empirical support for the application of social capital theory and social equity theory in rural land issue studies, highlighting critical factors that should be considered in policy formulation, and provide valuable empirical evidence for the government and policymakers, aiding in the optimization of land transfer policies to enhance farmers' happiness.
Factors Affecting Green Performance of Food Supply Chain Firms: A Parallel Mediation Model AlWadi, Belal Mahmoud; Junejo, Ikramuddin; Ejaz, Sarmad; Ejaz, Faisal; Hossain, Md Billal
Emerging Science Journal Vol. 9 No. 4 (2025): August
Publisher : Ital Publication

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/ESJ-2025-09-04-026

Abstract

Objectives: The objective of this study was to examine the impact of organizational green culture (OGC) on green innovation (GI) and sustainable entrepreneurship practices (SEP), which collectively enhance green performance (GP) in Pakistani food chain sector small and medium enterprises (SMEs). This research investigates how green innovation and sustainable entrepreneurship practices mediate each other towards achieving better green performance. Method: The authors chose deductive quantitative research along with Google Forms-based online surveys to gather data from 239 SMEs using convenience sampling. Structural equation modeling through SmartPLS detected all relationship effects between constructs within the research model. Findings: The study confirms that organizational green culture leads to increased GI and SEP, which in turn contributes to enhanced GP, while SEP operates as the essential mediator between OGC and GP in establishing how cultural values become sustainable practices and environmental improvements. The research merges OGC and innovation aspects with sustainability practices and demonstrates their effects on SMEs through empirical research. Novelty: The research uncovers SEP as a key connection between green culture and performance, which provides business solutions for SMEs that want to merge cultural elements with innovative approaches for sustainability. The research explores green entrepreneurship within emerging markets by demonstrating that developing an organizational green culture leads to creative processes that create sustainable outcomes that enhance environmental results. The paper makes an exceptional contribution by examining two distinct mediators: green innovation and sustainable entrepreneurship practices.
Influencer Credibility, Parasocial Relationships, and Product Involvement in Purchase Intentions Tripopsakul, Suchart; Hoonsopon, Danupol
Emerging Science Journal Vol. 9 No. 4 (2025): August
Publisher : Ital Publication

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/ESJ-2025-09-04-021

Abstract

The increasing influence of social media influencers (SMIs) on consumer purchase intentions has become a crucial topic in marketing research, particularly in understanding the mechanisms that drive this effect. This study examines how SMI credibility—defined by trustworthiness, expertise, and attractiveness—affects consumer purchase intentions through the mediating role of parasocial relationships (PSRs) and the moderating role of product involvement. A survey of 205 Thai social media users was conducted, and data were analyzed with Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The findings reveal that SMI credibility positively impacts purchase intentions and strengthens PSRs, which partially mediate this relationship. Moreover, the moderating role of product involvement uncovers a conditional mediation effect: PSRs have a stronger influence on purchase intentions for low-involvement products, where emotional appeals are more effective than rational evaluations. In contrast, for high-involvement products, consumers prioritize cognitive processing and influencer expertise, weakening the impact of PSRs. This research enhances influencer marketing literature by incorporating emotional and cognitive pathways within a mediated-moderated framework. Practically, it highlights the importance of aligning influencer strategies with product involvement, recommending emotionally engaging influencers for low-involvement products and credibility-driven influencers for high-involvement products to maximize marketing effectiveness.

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