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Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research
Published by Creative Pharma Assent
ISSN : -     EISSN : 23480335     DOI : 10.18231
Core Subject : Health,
Medicine & Pharmacology
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research (JOAPR) is an official publication of Creative Pharma Assent (CPA). It is an open access, peer review online international journal. JOAPR is primarily focused on multiple discipline of pharmaceutical sciences (Pharmaceutics, Pharmaceutical Technology, Biopharmaceutics, Cosmetic Technology, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Herbal drugs/ formulations, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest) which publish quarterly. JOAPR also includes evaluation of pharmaceutical excipients & their practical application to research & industry based efforts. The aim of the scientific journal, JOAPR is to present a wide area for the current researchers to share their noble works and ideas in terms of the research papers, review articles and short communications. JOAPR only publish the original research works with a definite innovation and novelty after thorough reviewing. The paper must have a suitable and proper scientific background.
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Articles 459 Documents
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Comparison of hemodynamic response of small dose ketamine versus midazolam as co- induction agent to propofol: a randomized double blind interventional study Sunil Chauhan; Sandeep Kothari; Nitish Chaudhary; Kiwi Mantan
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 11 No. 2 (2023)
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Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18231/j.joapr.2023.11.2.12.19

Abstract

The Anaesthesiology Department at Sawai Man Singh Medical College carried out this study. For this, 60 ASA grade I and II patients undergoing planned general surgery were randomly assigned into two groups of 30 each, with Group KP (n=30) receiving injections of ketamine at 0.3 mg/kg and Group MP receiving injections of midozolam at 0.03 mg/kg and Propofol I.V. The main goal of the study was to find the best induction by analysing changes in hemodynamic indicators from baseline to various time points after induction. On the basis of the necessary induction dose and hemodynamic characteristics, the groups were contrasted. The strategy used was to present the categorical data as percentages and compare them between groups using the Chi square test. The mean and standard deviation of the quantitative data were displayed, and students' t-tests were used to compare them. According to the study described above, group MP saw a greater fluctuation in heart rate than did group KP, whose heart rate remained more constant during the anaesthetic time. Group MP's blood pressure dropped more quickly after induction compared to group KP. The ketamine group's blood pressure remained the most stable out of all the groups. Apnea, pain upon injection, and uncontrollable movements were absent in the KP group. Of all the groups, the ketamine-propofol group required the least induction dose. As a result, we came to the conclusion that pretreatment with ketamine at a dose of 0.3 mg/kg results in better hemodynamic stability and requires less propofol for induction than midazolam does. The ketamine-propofol group is therefore the best of the two groups, making it the optimum induction agent
Effects of different dexmedetomidine doses on haemodynamic variability during laryngoscopy and intubation: A randomized double-blind study Kalyani; Savita Meena; Siddharth Sharma
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 11 No. 2 (2023)
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Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18231/j.joapr.2023.11.2.20.26

Abstract

Background: Effective airway management is vital in anesthesiology for preserving patient lives. Laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation, commonly used procedures, can lead to undesirable outcomes due to vagal activation and sympathoadrenal reaction. This double-blind, randomized interventional study aimed to assess the impact of two different doses of dexmedetomidine on heart rate and blood pressure during laryngoscopy and intubation, which often induce tachycardia and hypertension, particularly risky for patients with hypertension, myocardial insufficiency, and cerebrovascular disease. Methods: Seventy-six participants, aged 20-60 years and classified as American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) Grade I & II, were enrolled after Institutional Ethics Committee approval. Random allocation assigned them to two groups: Group A (0.5 µg/kg dexmedetomidine) and Group B (1.0 µg/kg dexmedetomidine) before anesthesia induction. Hemodynamic measurements were recorded at various time points: pre- and post-drug administration, before intubation, and at intervals thereafter. Results: Both groups exhibited similar age, weight, and gender distribution. Group B consistently demonstrated lower hemodynamic variables compared to Group A after laryngoscopy and intubation. Additionally, Group B required a smaller induction dose of propofol than Group A. No significant adverse effects were reported in either group during the study. Conclusion: The study suggests that intravenous administration of dexmedetomidine at a rate of 1 µg/kg is more effective than 0.5 µg/kg in attenuating the physiological response to laryngoscopy and intubation. Moreover, it reduces the required propofol dose for anesthesia induction. These findings highlight the potential benefits of higher dexmedetomidine doses in mitigating adverse physiological effects during airway management procedures
Comparing intravenous clonidine and nalbuphine for attenuating hemodynamic response to laryngoscopy and improving perioperative outcomes in laparoscopic surgeries Kiwi Mantan; Neha Chahar; Sandeep Kothari; Rakesh; Gaurav Joshi
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 11 No. 2 (2023)
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Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18231/j.joapr.2023.11.2.27.31

Abstract

The Department of Anaesthesia at SPMC Bikaner approved the trial and it was carried out during laparoscopic surgery OT with proper informed written permission. The study was a double-blind, randomised, prospective interventional trial. The study comprised 60 (ASA) Classes I and II patients between the ages of 18 and 60 who were scheduled for elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Using a computer-generated random number sequence, patients were divided into two groups of 30 each: Group A received 1.5 mg/kg of clonidine, whereas Group B received.2 mg/kg of nalbuphine in a 50 ml NS solution. Prior to administering the study drug, five minutes after premedication, hemodynamic parameters were recorded. Double-blind administration of the study medication occurred more than 10 minutes before anaesthesia onset. Hemodynamic parameters were recorded following the administration of the study medication, 1 and 5 minutes after intubation, prior to pneumoperitoneum, 5 minutes, 10 minutes, 20 minutes, 30 minutes, and 40 minutes after pneumoperitoneum, and finally following extubation. following 1 minute and 5 minutes after intubation (and following pneumoperitoneum at 5 minutes, 10 minutes, 20 minutes, and post extubation), it was discovered that there was a substantial difference in heart rate, SBP, DBP, and MAP between Group A and Group B. In our investigation, hemodynamics related to heart rate were improved with clonidine. Based on the results of our study and other earlier research conducted by different authors, we came to the conclusion that both clonidine and nalbuphine, when administered 5 minutes prior to intubation in patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery, attenuated the hemodynamic response to intubation and pneumoperitoneum during the surgery. The difference in heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and mean arterial pressure is much less with clonidine than with nalbuphine, which leads us to the conclusion that clonidine produced greater hemodynamic response than nalbuphine.
Comparison of intracuff alkalinized 2% lignocaine versus dexamethasone for attenuation of post operative laryngotracheal morbidity: a randomized comparative study Rajbala; Sonali Beniwal; Mamta Khandelwal; T Mirthun Thomas
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 11 No. 2 (2023)
Publisher : Creative Pharma Assent

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18231/j.joapr.2023.11.2.53.57

Abstract

Introduction: This randomized comparative study was planned to compare intracuff alkalinized lignocaine versus dexamethasone in preventing postoperative laryngotracheal morbidity. During general anesthesia patients were intubated with cuffed endotracheal tubes to provide effective positive pressure ventilation as well to prevent risk of aspiration. The cuffs of endotracheal tubes were inflated with air. This air in these cuffed endotracheal tubes can cause significant laryngotracheal morbidity. So, we planned this study to find a better substitute other than air to prevent postoperative laryngotracheal morbidity. Material and methods: Total 56 cases were taken. In group A, the cuff of the endotracheal tube was filled with 2% lignocaine 2 ml (40 mg) and sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3 8.4%) 1 ml (total 3 ml volume). In Group B, the cuff of the endotracheal tube was filled with dexamethasone (8 mg) 2 ml with 1 ml NS (total 3 ml volume). Results: The incidence of sore throat and hoarseness was less in the alkalinized lignocaine group. (p value > 0.05). While the incidence of coughing was roughly similar in both groups and at different time intervals (P value >0.05). Conclusion: Intracuff alkalinized Lignocaine in comparison to intracuff dexamethasone causes less incidence of sore throat and hoarseness in post operative period thus improved patient comfort levels and better recovery profile.
Comparison of ropivacaine 0.5% with dexmedetomidine and clonidine as adjuvants in ultrasound-guided infraclavicular brachial plexus block for upper limb surgery Kiwi Mantan; Rakesh; Sandeep Kothari; T. Agalya; Anita Pareek; Neha Chahar; Bhanupriya
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 11 No. 2 (2023)
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Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18231/j.joapr.2023.11.2.46.52

Abstract

Background: The Institutional Ethics Committee and patients' informed written consent were obtained before this study was carried out in the Department of Anaesthesiology at Sardar Patel Medical College in Bikaner, Rajasthan. An established method for delivering anaesthesia and analgesia during upper limb surgery is brachial plexus block. For peripheral nerve blocks, ropivacaine, a long-acting amide with a safe cardiac profile, is chosen. It has been proven that different adjuncts may be added to LA solutions to boost their effectiveness and longevity while lowering the overall dose of LA utilised and minimising any systemic side effects. Our goal was to assess the effectiveness of adjuvants such as dexmedetomidine and clonidine in comparison to 0.5% ropivacaine in an infraclavicular block for upper limb surgery under USG guidance. Method: Fifty adult patients planned for elective upperlimb surgery with an infraclavicular brachial plexus block under USG guidance were included. All research participants were split into two groups at random. In groups D and C, respectively, dexmedetomidine and clonidine were used as adjuvants with 0.5% ropivacaine. Our main goal was to compare the postoperative analgesic duration in both research groups, as well as the onset and duration of sensory and motor block. Patients were monitored for any complications connected to the medicine and procedure while hemodynamic indicators were also compared. Results: Group D's sensory and motor block action initiation time was substantially quicker than that of group C's (p 0.001). When compared to Group C, Group D's sensory and motor block and postoperative analgesia durations were considerably longer (p value 0.001). Conclusion: Dexmedetomidine is a more effective adjuvant than clonidine when given during upper limb surgery with an infraclavicular block that is guided by a USG.
Risk factors for prevalence of retinopathy of prematurity in a tertiary care centre of North India Mamta Choudhary; Nisha Dulani; Meghna Solanki; Harish Dulani
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 11 No. 3 (2023)
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Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18231/j.joapr.2023.11.3.1.10

Abstract

Background: The goal of the current study was to shed light on the risk factors responsible for the prevalance of ROP in infants born before 34 weeks of gestation or in infants born with birth weights under 2000 g admitted in NICU at a tertiary care hospital. Methods: This study was a hospital based prospective observational study conducted on 160 neonates after ethical clearance within a period of four months. The study population comprised of neonates less than 34 week of gestational age and with birth weight less than 2000 gm and gestational age between 34-36 weeks. All statistical analysis was done using appropriate statistical software like SPSS (Statistical Sciences Package for Social). Categorical / Nominal variables were indicated as number and percentage and were surveyed using Chi square test or Fischer exact test. Continuous variables were expressed as mean and standard deviation. Results: Among the 160 neonates screened, 30 neonates were found to have Retinopathy of prematurity, giving a rate of 18.8% for ROP. Among the 30 neonates with ROP, 10 (33.3%) delivered at gestational age <32 weeks, 12 (40%) had respiratory distress syndrome, 19 (63.3%) had sepsis, 23 (76.7%) required oxygen therapy, 5 (16.7%) received mechanical ventilation, 18 (60%) received blood transfusion, 17 (56.7%) had hypoglycemia. Other risk factors have been discussed in detail in the article. Conclusion: Prematurity, low birth weight, inadvertent use of oxygen therapy blood transfusion, sepsis and hypoglycemia were found to be significant risk factor for ROP.
Comparison of king vision video laryngoscope versus mccoy laryngoscope for endotracheal intubation in patients with immobilized cervical spine Jitendra Kumar Yadav; Raj Kumar Harshwal; Savita Meena; Neelu Sharma; Sukirti Sharma; Jain Prashant Abhay
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 11 No. 3 (2023)
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Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18231/j.joapr.2023.11.3.11.17

Abstract

Background: Objective of this study was to compare King vision video laryngoscope versus McCoy laryngoscope for endotracheal intubation in patients with simulated immobilized cervical spine in terms of mean intubation time and number of attempts and successful intubation. Methodology: This was a prospective randomized study of 70 patients of ASA Grade I or II and aged 18- 60yrs, who underwent elective surgery under general anaesthesia. Intubation was done with either King Vision video laryngoscope (channelled blade) [Group A] or McCoy laryngoscope [Group B] after immobilizing the cervical spine using a cervical collar. We compared the mean intubation time, success rate and intubation difficulty using the Intubation Difficulty Score (IDS), glottic visualization using POGO score, hemodynamic parameters and complication if any. Results: Both the groups were comparable regarding the demographic variables such as age, sex, weight and ASA class. The mean intubation time of patients in Group A was significantly less (16.57 ± 4.11 seconds) than Group B (20.14 ± 5.72 seconds) (P= 0.004). IDS and POGO scoring were found significantly better in group A as compared to group B. But intubation success rate was 100% in both groups. Hemodynamic parameters and complications were also comparable. Conclusion: King Vision video laryngoscope is found superior to the McCoy laryngoscope if cervical immobilization is anticipated in terms of ease of intubation and glottic visualization.
Phenotypic methods for detection of metallo-β-lactamase (MBL) production in multidrug resistant gram negative bacilli – comparative study Umesh Santlal Hassani; Rashmi Mahalle
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 11 No. 3 (2023)
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Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18231/j.joapr.2023.11.3.29.35

Abstract

Introduction: One of the most common mechanism of resistance of bacterial pathogens to β-lactam antibiotics is production of β-lactamase, there are different types of Beta lactamases, which are expressed by drug resistant gram-negative bacteria. Carbapenemases (Metallo beta lactamases/MBL) are the β-lactamases with the widest spectrum of activity. Early detection of MBL-producing organisms is crucial to establish appropriate antimicrobial therapy and to prevent their interhospital and intrahospital dissemination. Several phenotypic methods are available for the detection of MBL producing bacteria. As there is no standardized method present study was done to screen MDR gram negative bacilli isolated from clinical samples for MBL-production by a low cost, convenient and sensitive procedure. Methods: All non-duplicate MDR gram negative isolates obtained from various clinical samples were screened for carbapenam resistance. All carbapenam resistant bacteria were screened for production of MBL by 3 phenotypic tests (Double disc synergy, combined disk test, Hodge test). The results were compared and analyzed on the basis of results obtained by E test. Results: During Study Period, 988 non duplicate gram negative bacilli were isolated, 70.64% (698) were multi drug resistant. Amongst Total number of MDR Isolates to carbapenam resistance was seen in 62(9.28%). These 62 isolates that were resistant to carbapenam were tested for MBL production. 54 (87%) of these 62 isolates showed MBL production by disc potentiation test whereas 41 isolates (66%) gave positive result by DDST. By Modified Hodge test, out of 62, 48 isolates (77.4%) were MBL positive. Compared to E- test, the Sensitivity Specificity and Accuracy for Disc potentiation test was 90%,100% and 90.32%, for Modified Hodge test was 80%,100% and 80.6% and for Double disc synergy test was 68.3%,100% and 69.3%. Conclusion: In our study, in comparison to MBL E test, disc potentiation test is more sensitive than double disc synergy test and Modified Hodge test for detection of MBL phenotypically
Experimental evaluation of anxiolytic and antidepressant activities of methanolic extract of Triticum aestivum (wheatgrass) in albino mice Saroj Kothari; Ajay Gupta
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 11 No. 3 (2023)
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Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18231/j.joapr.2023.11.3.41.47

Abstract

Background: Anxiety and depression are common psychiatric conditions. The present study was carried out to find antianxiety and antidepressant activity of methanolic extract of Triticum aestivum (wheat grass) in mice. Materials and methods: The methanolic extract of Triticum aestivum (META) was screened for antianxiety activity by elevated plus maze (EPM) and light and dark box (LDB) and for antidepressant activity by forced swim test (FST) and tail suspension test (TST) in mice. Animals were divided into four groups having six animals in each group. Group I served as control and received gum acacia aqueous suspension 10 ml/kg, Groups II and III served as test groups and received META 200 and 400 mg/kg, respectively, Group IV served as standard group and received diazepam 1 mg/kg for antianxiety activity and fluoxetine (20 mg/kg) for antidepressant activity once daily for thirty days. Result: META 200 and 400 mg/kg showed significant (P < 0.01) dose-dependent increase in entries and stay in the open arms in EPM and entries and stay in the light compartment in LDB as compared to control. Antianxiety effect of META at dose of 400 mg/kg was comparable (P > 0.05) with diazepam 1mg/kg. META 200 and 400 mg/kg also produced dose-dependent significant (P < 0.01) antidepressant effect, indicated by reduction in the immobility time as compared to control in both FST and TST. The antidepressant activity of META at dose of 400 mg/kg was comparable (P > 0.05) with fluoxetine 20 mg/kg. Conclusion: Results of our study suggested that META possess dose-dependent significant antianxiety and antidepressant activities.
Comparative study on ELISA, CLIA and rapid diagnostic test in detecting HCV infection in blood donor at a tertiary care center M. Preethi; M. Saisudha; P. Subhashini; Resmi P. R
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 11 No. 3 (2023)
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Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18231/j.joapr.2023.11.3.48.53

Abstract

Background: The prevalence of blood screening assays for hepatitis C infection among blood donors remains comparatively low in line with WHO guidelines, especially when compared to developing nations. Various methodologies, such as ELISA, immunochromatography assays, RIBA, HCV RNA PCR, and CLIA, are employed to detect anti-HCV IgG antibodies in all patients with HCV infection. However, there is a significant scarcity of comparative data available regarding the evaluation of HCV infection screening among CLIA, ELISA, and RDT methods in their ability to detect anti-HCV antibodies effectively. This gap in knowledge highlights the need for further research and analysis in this critical area of healthcare. In this study we evaluate the technical performance between ELISA, CLIA and RDT in detection of HCV infection. Materials and method: A cross-sectional study was carried out, involving 70 blood donor samples. Subsequently, the samples were subjected to screening for Anti-HCV antibodies using three different methods: RDT, CLIA, and ELISA. The results obtained from these screenings were duly recorded. Results: Among the 70 patients included in the study, 63 (90%) were male, and 7 (10%) were female. The following performance metrics were calculated for each method where CLIA shows 100% sensitivity, Specificity 98%, PPV 100%, NPV 98.9%, Accuracy 100%, Kappa coefficient 0.932, p-value <0.001, in case of ELISA: Sensitivity 97.6%, Specificity 99.2%, PPV 100%, NPV 97.1%, Accuracy 99%, Kappa coefficient 0.97, p-value <0.001. followed by RDT: Sensitivity 89%, Specificity 87.9%, PPV 100%, NPV 90.2%, Accuracy 96%, Kappa coefficient 0.59, p-value <0.001. These results provide valuable insights into the performance of each method in screening for HCV antibodies, with CLIA and ELISA demonstrating higher sensitivity, specificity, and overall accuracy compared to RDT. Conclusion: In conclusion, the study suggests that the CLIA screening method for detecting HCV infections is considered superior to both ELISA and RDT in a Tertiary care center.

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