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Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research
Published by Creative Pharma Assent
ISSN : -     EISSN : 23480335     DOI : 10.18231
Core Subject : Health,
Medicine & Pharmacology
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research (JOAPR) is an official publication of Creative Pharma Assent (CPA). It is an open access, peer review online international journal. JOAPR is primarily focused on multiple discipline of pharmaceutical sciences (Pharmaceutics, Pharmaceutical Technology, Biopharmaceutics, Cosmetic Technology, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Herbal drugs/ formulations, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest) which publish quarterly. JOAPR also includes evaluation of pharmaceutical excipients & their practical application to research & industry based efforts. The aim of the scientific journal, JOAPR is to present a wide area for the current researchers to share their noble works and ideas in terms of the research papers, review articles and short communications. JOAPR only publish the original research works with a definite innovation and novelty after thorough reviewing. The paper must have a suitable and proper scientific background.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 459 Documents
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Novel coumarin chalcone derivatives: synthesis, docking, and antimicrobial evaluation Kumari, Sumita; Sharma, Amit; Yadav, Sonia
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 13 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Creative Pharma Assent

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.69857/joapr.v13i1.838

Abstract

Background: This study synthesized and evaluated a series of coumarin chalcones for their antimicrobial efficacy against microbial and fungal strains. Methodology: Ten new coumarin chalcones were prepared by Claisen- Schmidt condensation by using 4-hydroxy coumarin as a precursor and followed by refluxing obtained intermediate (3-(4-aminophenyl)-3-oxo prop-1-enyl)-4-hydroxy-2H-chromen-one) with substituted aromatic benzaldehyde in the presence of piperidine as a catalyst. IR, 1HNMR, 13CNMR, and GCMS characterized all synthesized compounds. The agar well diffusion method assessed these compounds for antimicrobial activity against various bacterial and fungal strains such as E. coli, P. aeruginosa, B. subtills, S. aureus, and C. albicans. Zone inhibition was measured for each compound (10µL) against all strains. Results and Discussion: The study showed that derivatives 4c, 4e, 4f, and 4g showed strong potential for inhibition towards various fungal and microbial strains. The inhibition zone for 4c and 4e was emerged as 5.48±0.448, 7.02±0.332, 5.62±0.321, 6.81±0.021, 7.72±0.421 and 5.13±0.179, 6.76±0.511, 4.24±0.273, 4.64±0.231, 5.48±0.049 while compound 4f and 4g showed 5.40±0.420, 6.69±0.168, 5.71±0.245, 5.28±0.042, 7.09±0.175, and 4.94±0.814, 6.58±.0160, 6.01±0.455, 6.61±0.021, 6.91±0.414 mm, respectively. Between -7.1 to -10.2Kcal/mol is the range of docking score of derivatives by interactions of DNA gyrase and compounds analyzed. Here, compound 4g exhibited the highest DNA gyrase inhibition, and compound 4c exhibited a strong inhibition with docking scores of -10.2 kcal/mol and -9.8 kcal/mol, respectively. Conclusion: The findings of this work contribute to a better understanding the potential of synthesised compounds as drug candidate against microbial infections through ADMET study.
Characterization and cytotoxicity evaluation of Ixora coccinea-derived iron oxide microparticles for biomedical applications Bharathy, Pavithra; Jayaprakash, Silpa; Allen Christopher M; Rajini prem G; Punniyakoti Veeraveedu Thanikachalam
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 13 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Creative Pharma Assent

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.69857/joapr.v13i1.870

Abstract

Background: This study aimed to synthesise and characterise iron oxide microparticles (IOMPs) using Ixora coccinea flower extracts and evaluate their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic, and antidiabetic activities. Methodology: IOMPs were synthesised using Ixora coccinea flower extract and characterised using XRD, UV-Vis, EDAX APEX, and SEM. Bioactivity evaluations included anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities via egg albumin, BSA, and DPPH assays; cytotoxicity through Brine Shrimp Lethality and zebrafish embryonic toxicity assays at 5, 10, 20, 40, and 80 μg/ml; and antidiabetic activity via alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase inhibition. Results: Fe₂O₃MPs demonstrated potent anti-inflammatory (83% protein denaturation inhibition at 50 μg/ml), antioxidant (94.26% inhibition at 50 μg/ml), and antidiabetic (86% α-amylase and 84% α-glucosidase inhibition at 50 μg/ml) properties, surpassing diclofenac sodium and ascorbic acid. Cytotoxicity tests revealed low toxicity, with LC50 values of 80.5 μg/ml (Brine Shrimp) and 82.4 μg/ml (zebrafish). Discussion: This study presents an eco-friendly synthesis of Fe₂O₃ microparticles using Ixora coccinea extract as a reducing and stabilising agent. These microparticles hold promise for biomedical applications, including drug delivery, MRI contrast enhancement, and hyperthermia treatment. Further research must optimise the synthesis process and assess the in vivo biocompatibility and therapeutic efficacy. Conclusion: This study addresses the need for eco-friendly nanoparticles. Conventional iron oxide microparticle synthesis uses toxic chemicals, but Ixora coccinea flower extract offers a sustainable alternative. Evaluating Fe₂O₃MPs' cytotoxicity and bioactivity provides insights into biomedical applications, supporting future investigations that link nanotechnology and therapeutics.
Ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants for bone fracture treatment in Lingmoo, Sikkim Chettri, Bhumika; Khar, Tiewlasubon Uriah; Bhutia, Sonam
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 13 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Creative Pharma Assent

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.69857/joapr.v13i1.909

Abstract

Background: This study documents the use of herbal plants by traditional healers in Lingmoo, Namchi district, Sikkim, to treat bone fractures. Methodology: The methodology used were survey-based, pre-structured questionnaire, field investigation and face to face interaction with one traditional healer. We have recorded about 29 ethno-medicinal plants naturally available in the selected area. Results: According to the survey results, a total of 29 numbers of ethnomedicinal plant species belonging to 23 different families (Rosaceae topped the list) were identified and summarized in Table 1. The study revealed that herbs (48%) are mainly used, followed by trees (24%), climbers (17%), and shrubs (11%). In case of frequency of use, these plants were highly cited during the interview: rivularis, Kaempferia rotunda, Viscum articulatum, Urtica dioica, Curcuma longa, Lepidium sativum, Beaumontia grandiflora, Bergenia ciliate, and Laportea bulbifera. The parts used were roots, stem barks, whole plants, and seeds. The most commonly used preparation was paste. According to gender-wise comparison, males (60%), females (25%), and children (15%) were getting the treatment. Out of 29 plant species, 12 species are abundant and, 1 is in threatened condition; only 3 species are cultivated in present days. Conclusion: Documentation of local plants used by a specific traditional healer will benefit the sustainable use of indigenous medicinal plant practices. It will also provide preliminary information for future biological resource management and research development, which will eventually help in the conservation of ethnomedicinal plants and the advancement of such ideas.
Novel microwave-assisted solid dispersion technology enhances piroxicam dissolution and therapeutic efficacy: an in vitro and in vivo study Kumar, Charit; Nanda, Arun
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 13 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Creative Pharma Assent

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.69857/joapr.v13i1.921

Abstract

Background: Piroxicam (PRX), a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, exhibits poor aqueous solubility, limiting its therapeutic efficacy. Enhancing solubility can directly improve bioavailability and therapeutic effectiveness. This study explores the development of a new solid dispersion (SD) system of PRX using polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K30) as a carrier by MW-assisted method. Methods: The involvement of microwave (MW) in the solvent evaporation method is a newer concept aimed at enhancing the solubility and in vivo bioavailability of PRX. Various ratios of PRX: PVPK30 (1:5, 1:7, 1:9, and 1:11 w/w) were evaluated using conventional and MW-assisted solvent evaporation methods and conducted in vitro dissolution studies. Results: The optimized MW-assisted formulation (1:7 w/w) exhibited 94.69±0.24% drug release in 15 minutes, showing a 5.37-fold increase compared to pure PRX (17.63%) and surpassing the marketed drug release (90.82±0.39%). Fourier Transform Infrared, Differential Scanning Calorimetry, Thermogravimetric analysis, Scanning Electron Microscopy, and powdered X-ray diffraction authenticated the OF. In vivo studies demonstrated significant enhancements (p<0.0001) compared to control. The anti-inflammatory activity showed increased paw oedema inhibition (44.4±0.4%) compared to control and pure PRX (35.37±0.3%). The analgesic activity of OF demonstrated improved pain response time (10.6±0.8 seconds) compared to control (4.2±0.5 seconds) and pure PRX (8.1±0.7 seconds). Conclusion: The SD developed via the MW-assisted drug formulation technique significantly enhances the solubility, bioavailability, and therapeutic efficacy of PRX, offering a potential strategy to improve clinical outcomes for similar drugs with solubility challenges.
Isolation and characterization of cellulose derived from prominent agricultural waste (Sugarcane bagasse) and its utilization in various biomedical field Sharma, Manoj Kumar; Diwan, Anupama; Sardana , Satish; Yadav, Narender; Gupta, Tanya; Kumawat , Mukesh Kumar
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 13 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Creative Pharma Assent

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.69857/joapr.v13i1.942

Abstract

Background: Agricultural waste clearance and reutilization is a significant problem today. Objective: Successful extraction and purification of cellulose and its derivatives (methylcellulose) from agri-waste and pollution. This is an innovative polymer (cellulose & its derivatives) that can be used in pharmaceutical and technical applications in an eco-friendly manner. Aim: Isolate and characterize cellulose derived from prominent agricultural waste (sugarcane bagasse) and its utilization in various biomedical fields. Method: Eco-friendly Soxhlet extraction utilizing organic solvents was employed to give a high yield of cellulose. Further, the obtained cellulose was bleached and transformed into ester derivatives, such as methylcellulose, to analyze their properties. Result: This study’s primary goal is to concentrate on the production of cellulose and its extraction from different agricultural waste & its characterization. The cellulose isolated from different biomass was comparatively evaluated for its varied properties and was found suitable for use in the pharmaceutical industry or technical dimensions. Conclusion: Agri waste has significant potential and sources for value-based products. Here, successful extraction and derivatization of the cellulose from the sugarcane were done. These extracted celluloses were further subjected to various pharmacopeial, micromeritics, and physiochemical properties assessments, including advanced characterization to evaluate and validate the properties of the products, which signifies more efficient, green extraction and pharmacopeial utilization.
Advancements in smart wearable patch systems for enhanced wound healing Samathoti, Prasanthi; Bodagala, Sai Ramya
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 13 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Creative Pharma Assent

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.69857/joapr.v13i2.667

Abstract

Background: Chronic wounds afflict around 2% of the world's population and cost billions of dollars each year in medical costs. By some estimates, over 13 million people worldwide suffer from chronic wounds yearly. The absence of continuous surveillance in conventional dressings for wounds causes prolongation in the treatment and raises the danger of infection. Timely and practical assessment of wounds is key to reducing infection and healing wounds. This is possible by smart dressings with sensors continuously providing input while monitoring important wound variables involving pH, temperature, and moisture. Considering current and upcoming advancements, this paper examines how intelligent patches could transform healing. Methodology: The latest advances in the development, usage of intelligent patches, and their development by different researchers are highlighted in this review. It looks at how sensors are incorporated into these patches and provides an overview of developing intelligent wound dressings by integrating one or more sensors triggered by endogenous and exogenous stimuli. Results and Discussion: The fabrication and effectiveness of intelligent dressings have advanced significantly, but there are still issues with sensor precision and resilience, especially regarding the requirement for strict regulations. The discussion also explores the critical need to address legal and technological constraints to enhance the usefulness of such wearable gadgets in medical settings. Conclusion: Intelligent patches, a fascinating new development in wound care, enable customized therapy with continuous surveillance. Future studies should address real-world challenges to fully realize their potential to refine wound recovery outcomes in medical care.
Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs): A comprehensive review of drug delivery advancements Panwar, Pramesh; Kumar, Saurabh; Chand, Pallavi; Chauhan, Ashish Singh; Jakhmola, Vikash
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 13 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Creative Pharma Assent

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.69857/joapr.v13i2.676

Abstract

Background: Nano-structured lipid carriers (NLCs) have emerged as a significant advancement in lipid-based drug delivery systems. Compared to Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLNs), NLCs offer improved drug loading capacity, stability, and controlled release profiles. Objective: This review article explores the structural and functional benefits of NLCs, their enhanced bioavailability, and their potential in targeted therapeutic agent delivery. Methodology: We investigated the unique combination of solid and liquid lipids in NLCs, which creates an internal structure for improved drug encapsulation and sustained release. Various methods were analyzed for their contribution to NLC efficacy, including high-pressure homogenization and solvent emulsification. Results and Discussion: NLCs demonstrated encapsulation efficiency ranging from 85–95%, with particle sizes between 100–300 nm. Drug release was sustained over 24 hours, affirming their effectiveness in controlled drug delivery. Applications of NLCs were highlighted across diverse delivery modes, including topical, pulmonary, oral, parenteral, and ocular. Challenges such as scaling production, overcoming biological barriers, and ensuring regulatory compliance were also addressed. Conclusion: NLCs present a promising future in pharmaceutical sciences, with the potential to improve therapeutic outcomes in complex diseases like cancer and neurodegenerative disorders. Continued research into NLC formulations is critical for advancing patient outcomes and addressing global health challenges.
Exploring the therapeutic potential of Eleusine indica plant: promising antioxidant and analgesic activity with lack of antimicrobial and thrombolytic activity Jahan, Farhana Israt; Anik, Asif Hossain; Sumaiya Akter
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 13 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Creative Pharma Assent

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.69857/joapr.v13i2.688

Abstract

Background: Eleusine indica is used as a traditional medicine in Bangladesh. It is significantly valued for its wound-healing properties and is often used as an anthelmintic and pain reliever in rural areas. Objective: This study examines the pharmacological effects of Eleusine indica methanolic extracts, highlighting antioxidant, antimicrobial, thrombolytic, and analgesic properties in animal models. Also, contribute to future research directions. Methods: The antioxidant properties were determined using the DPPH free radical scavenging assay, with ascorbic acid as the positive control, and the inhibition percentage was calculated. Antimicrobial activity was determined using the disc diffusion method. The thrombolytic Potential was determined through in vitro clot lysis assays. However, the % of clot lysis was used to gauge the thrombolytic effects. For assessing analgesic activity, Swiss albino mice were utilized; analgesic efficacy was evaluated by calculating the percentage inhibition against abdominal writhing. Results: The free radical scavenging assay demonstrated with an IC50 of 43.67 μg/ml, comparable to ascorbic acid's IC50 of 36.22 μg/ml. However, the methanolic extract showed no antimicrobial activity. In thrombolytic assays, the extract induced 26.79% clot lysis. With a 55.57% reduction in writhing, the extract group (500 mg/kg) exhibited significant analgesic activity, approaching the standard group's 73% inhibition. Conclusion: The Outcome of the study shows Eleusine indica has potential antioxidant and analgesic activity, with a lack of antimicrobial and thrombolytic properties. The results support the application of traditional medicine. highlighting the importance of antioxidant and analgesic activity, in future investigations aimed at isolating and identifying the specific compounds driving its pharmacological activities.
Advancements in formulations and technologies for colon-targeted drug delivery Rana, Ritik Singh; Ale, Yogita; Pant, Pankaj; Kukreti, Neha; Jakhmola, Vikash
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 13 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Creative Pharma Assent

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.69857/joapr.v13i2.825

Abstract

Background: Colonic administration of drugs may enhance drug absorption, reduce adverse reactions, and facilitate delivery to specific therapeutic targets. Objective: Delivering pharmaceuticals to the colon poses challenges that require innovative formulation strategies. Methodology: Various formulation approaches have been explored for colon-targeted drug delivery systems. These approaches target the colon using formulation components that interact with GI physiology parameters such as pH, colonic flora, and enzymes. Result and Discussion: The article discussed the various research studies conducted for colon targeting involving novel strategies such as pH-dependent, enzyme-dependent, Ligand-Receptor-based, new technologies, Phloral, and magnetically derived approaches. It also explored the translational technologies, such as in vivo, in vitro, and in silico, which expedite the transition from fundamental research to clinical application and enhance therapeutic outcomes. Conclusion: In conclusion, the most relevant preclinical studies, encompassing in vitro, in vivo, and in silico research, are delineated to facilitate the strategic advancement of novel colon-targeted therapeutics.
Quality by design driven RP-HPLC method optimization for analysis of levothyroxine and liothyronine in bulk and tablet dosage form Darade, Ramdas; Pekamwar, Sanjay
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 13 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Creative Pharma Assent

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.69857/joapr.v13i2.867

Abstract

Background: Levothyroxine and Liothyronine are widely used in thyroid hormone replacement therapies. Simultaneously quantifying Levothyroxine and Liothyronine is important for managing thyroid hormone deficiency. Aim: This study aims to develop and validate an accurate and robust RP-HPLC method for simultaneously quantifying Levothyroxine and Liothyronine by utilizing Quality by Design (QbD). Methodology: Reversed phase chromatography was performed using a High Performance Liquid Chromatographic System (Agilent Technologies Ltd, 1100 series) equipped with a UV detector. The column used was Agilent C 18 (100 mm x 4.6 mm; 5µm) HPLC Column. The chromatographic separation was carried out using a mobile phase composed of Methanol and Formic acid (0.1%) (50:50 %v/v) with a flow rate of 1.2 ml/min, and a UV detector recorded the response at 254 nm. Design expert was used as software to evaluate experimental design studies (Stat-Ease Inc., Minneapolis, USA, Version 13.0). Result and Discussion: The RP-HPLC method was established to quantify Levothyroxine and Liothyronine simultaneously. The established method was linear, and correlation coefficients (R2) were 0.9993 and 0.9994 for Levothyroxine and Liothyronine, respectively. Retention times of Levothyroxine and Liothyronine were 2.587 minutes and 3.035 minutes. Results of accuracy, precision studies, LOD, and LOQ were found within acceptable limits. Conclusion: A robust RP-HPLC method was developed for the simultaneous quantification of levothyroxine and liothyronine by utilizing a QbD. The QbD technique provided a systematic methodology for identifying and optimizing the critical parameters influencing the method's performance.

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