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Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research
Published by Creative Pharma Assent
ISSN : -     EISSN : 23480335     DOI : 10.18231
Core Subject : Health,
Medicine & Pharmacology
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research (JOAPR) is an official publication of Creative Pharma Assent (CPA). It is an open access, peer review online international journal. JOAPR is primarily focused on multiple discipline of pharmaceutical sciences (Pharmaceutics, Pharmaceutical Technology, Biopharmaceutics, Cosmetic Technology, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Herbal drugs/ formulations, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest) which publish quarterly. JOAPR also includes evaluation of pharmaceutical excipients & their practical application to research & industry based efforts. The aim of the scientific journal, JOAPR is to present a wide area for the current researchers to share their noble works and ideas in terms of the research papers, review articles and short communications. JOAPR only publish the original research works with a definite innovation and novelty after thorough reviewing. The paper must have a suitable and proper scientific background.
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Articles 459 Documents
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Development and evaluation of extended-release vildagliptin tablets using quality by design Pund, Atul K; Mundada, Atishkumar S
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 12 No. 5 (2024)
Publisher : Creative Pharma Assent

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.69857/joapr.v12i5.735

Abstract

Background: Extended-release dosage forms are designed to enhance patient compliance and decrease dosing frequency. However, commercially available extended-release tablets are made with synthetic or semisynthetic controlled-release polymer, which causes a ghost pill effect. The ghost pill effect is minimized by using natural polymers which are biodegradable. Aim: This study aimed to create extended-release vildagliptin tablets using natural polymer by employing the quality by Design. Method: The study involved preparing granules of vildagliptin by direct compression using co-processed polymer and other excipients and compressing them into tablets. Results & Discussion: The different micromeritic characteristics of granules were satisfactory for compressing them into tablets. The FTIR, DSC, and XRD analysis indicates no interaction between the drug and the other excipients. The drug release shows that the marketed formulation releases 97% of the drug in 8 hrs., Whereas the developed formulation extends the drug release >= 95% throughout 12hrs. Drug release kinetic study results reveal that the optimized batch obeys first-order kinetics with the Higuchi model. In vivo studies showed steady plasma levels over an extended period, achieving the objective of the current study. The stability study carried out as per the ICH guideline exhibited robustness of the formulation, with the drug content found between 96 % to 99 % at 30°C & 75 %RH and 40°C & 75 %RH. Conclusion: The extended-release formulation of vildagliptin could be successfully formulated using a combination of natural and semisynthetic polymers. This combination could prove to be effective, safe, and well tolerated, enhancing patient adherence and lowering overdose risks, thereby reducing overall diabetic treatment costs.
Antidiabetic effects of Semecarpus anacardium leaf extracts in streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats Vikhe, Sunayana; Sukhadhane, Pradnya; Vikhe, Rahul; Bornare, Snehal L; Dhavane, Shweta S
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 12 No. 6 (2024)
Publisher : Creative Pharma Assent

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.69857/joapr.v12i6.736

Abstract

Background: A class of metabolic diseases known as diabetes mellitus is typified by persistently high blood sugar levels brought on by malfunctions in the production or function of insulin. Conventional treatments frequently have drawbacks and side effects, prompting interest in alternative treatments such as herbal remedies. Semecarpus anacardium, known for its medicinal properties, was investigated for its antidiabetic potential. Methods: Semecarpus anacardium leaves were collected, authenticated, and extracted using various solvents. The ethanol extract was subjected to preliminary phytochemical screening, HPLC-DAD analysis, and tested for antidiabetic activity in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Biochemical parameters, histopathological studies, and lipid profiles were analyzed over a 20-day period. Results: The ethanol extract exhibited the highest yield (13.53% w/w) and contained significant amounts of bioactive compounds, including flavonoids and alkaloids. In diabetic rats, the ethanol extract at 200 mg/kg significantly reduced blood glucose levels from 333.35 ± 5.2 mg/dL to 121.68 ± 7.56 mg/dL. Highly significant results were obtained in lipid profiles, with total cholesterol reducing from 176.82 ± 1.07 mg/dL to 103.69 ± 2.85 mg/dL and triglycerides from 188 ± 5.73 mg/dL to 97.17 ± 8.41 mg/dL. Histopathological analysis showed partial restoration of pancreatic islets and reduced fibrosis, indicating the protective effects of the extract. Conclusion: The ethanol extract of Semecarpus anacardium leaves demonstrates significant antidiabetic and lipid-lowering effects in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. These findings support the potential of this plant as a natural therapeutic agent for diabetes management, warranting further research for clinical application.
In vitro evaluation of Punica granatum fruit peel extract for its potential anti-diabetic effects More, Rutuja K; Pingale, Prashant L; Upasani, Chandrashekhar D; Amrutkar, Sunil V
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 12 No. 6 (2024)
Publisher : Creative Pharma Assent

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.69857/joapr.v12i6.739

Abstract

Background: With growing awareness of pomegranate's health benefits, pomegranate products have been consumed more frequently in recent years, and pomegranate peel has emerged as one of the most prevalent wastes in the food industry. Pomegranate Peel concentrate is an indigenous substance with strong antioxidant and antidiabetic actions as a result of its tannins as well as polyphenols content. Methods: In the present study, pomegranate skin extract, both liquid and alcohol-based, was evaluated for polyphenolic and flavonoid content. Alcoholic fruit peel extract was also assessed for 1,4-α-D-glucan glucanohydrolase and α-D-glucoside glucohydrolase enzyme activity. Results: According to findings, pomegranate peel extract showed significant antioxidant content. Phytochemical analysis of ethanol-derived extract of pomegranate peel found a noteworthy amount of ellagitannins and flavonoids such as Punicalin, Punicalgin, Punicic acid, Catechin, Quercetin, Rutin, and Kaempferol. In contrast, punicalgin, ellagic acid, and gallic acid are responsible for antidiabetic activity. The LC-MS characterization of peel extract of pomegranate showed 10 bioactive compounds. The IC50 value for 80% alcoholic extract of pomegranate peel was found to be 5.86 mg/ml of α- amylase and 6.58 mg/ml of α-glucosidase. Conclusion: It was found that the inhibition of 1,4-α-D-glucan glucanohydrolase and α-D-glucoside glucohydrolase enzymes could be an effective mechanism by which it can give anti-diabetic effects.
Phytochemistry and pharmacological potential of aloscasia macrorrhiza: A comprehensive review Chakraborty, Amitesh; Giri, Santanu; Shah, Aditya Dev; Adhikari, Tushar
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 12 No. 6 (2024)
Publisher : Creative Pharma Assent

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.69857/joapr.v12i6.742

Abstract

Background: Aloscasia macrorrhiza, commonly known as Giant Taro, is a species rich in phytochemicals with diverse pharmacological properties. Phytochemical analysis shows different bioactive compounds like alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, phenolics, and saponins in different components of the plant body, including leaves, stems, and roots. Alocasin, a class of alkaloids, is most prominent in this plant. These substances are likely responsible for different biological activities, as Aloscasia macrorrhiza shows. Aim: This review unveils the phytochemical composition and pharmacological activities of various parts of Aloscasia macrorrhiza. Method: Multiple Literature, including research and review papers, were searched for based on their title, abstracts, and keywords. Keywords like ‘Aloscasia macrorrhiza,’ ‘Phytochemistry,’ ‘Traditional uses,’ and ‘Ethnomedicinal uses’ were used to collect information. Abstracts of articles with relevant titles were screened, and the full text was considered. Only articles published from 2018 to 2024 were considered. Based on their classes and mechanistic actions, this review consolidated these phytoconstituents. Results: These phytoconstituents exhibit a wide array of therapeutic activities, including anti-inflammatory (due to tannins and polyphenols), antimicrobial (due to terpenes and lectins), antioxidant (due to polyphenols), anticancer (due to flavonoids), anti-diabetic (due to flavonoids) effects. Conclusion: This review provides insights to the therapeutic potential of Aloscasia macrorrhiza and hence forms a bridge of understanding between the traditional uses and the modern Pharmacology studies. In the future, further clarification and detailed mechanistic insight can be done. Aloscasia macrorrhiza may have potential therapeutic applications and is subject to further investigation.
Design and development of thermosensitive rectal in situ gel from Luffa acutangula fruits for the treatment of ulcerative colitis Barangule, Swati P.; Maru , Avish D.
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 12 No. 5 (2024)
Publisher : Creative Pharma Assent

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.69857/joapr.v12i5.761

Abstract

Background: Luffa acutangula has good anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity.  Ulcerative colitis has inflamed intestinal mucosal lining with frequent diarrhoea, mucosal, and bloody stools. The rectal administration provides high bioavailability, rapid absorption, and instant therapeutic effect. Conventional rectal formulations may be painful, while insertion and discomfort may also be experienced from the rectum leakage. Methodology: Luffa acutangula fruit extract was used for the preparation a novel rectal mucoadhesive in situ-gel by using thermosensitive polymers such as Poloxamer 407, Poloxamer 188.  HPMC K4M and carbopol 940 are two mucoadhesive polymers that are used to boost the mucoadhesive force and gel strength. The response surface method design was used to optimize the formulation. The formulated in situ gel batches were analysed by gelation temperature, gel strength, gelling ability, gelling time, viscosity and in vitro drug release and mucoadhesive strength.  Results and Discussion:  The concentration of poloxamer 407 (15%) and poloxamer 188 (3%) was optimized by design expert. The optimized formulation F10 showed 36.35±0.890 gelation temperature and 94.66±0.57 % cumulative drug release. Drug release kinetics follows Higuchi release model and according to Korsemeyer Peppa's model value of n= 1.1114 indicates supercase -II transport. Gelation temperature of mucoadhesive in situ gel (F10HP2) was found in the range 36.45±0.102°C with 91.37±0.84 % cumulative drug release. Mucoadhesive in situ gel was tested in rat model of ulcerative colitis for 7 days. Conclusion: Preclinical study of optimized formulation shows that Luffa acutangula fruit extract can stop or prevent further progression of acetic acid induced ulcerative colitis in rat model.
Spirulina as functional food: insights into cultivation, production, and health benefits Verma, Akant Kumar; Dewangan, Kajal; Daunday, Leena; Naurange, Kriti; Verma, Kishan; Bhiaram, Monika
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 12 No. 5 (2024)
Publisher : Creative Pharma Assent

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.69857/joapr.v12i5.788

Abstract

Background: Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis), a filamentous cyanobacterium, is renowned as a superfood due to its rich nutritional composition, including proteins, carbohydrates, essential fatty acids, vitamins, minerals, and phytochemicals. Historically consumed by the Aztecs and the Kanembu people near Lake Chad, it gained renewed interest in the 20th century as a potential astronaut food. Objective: This review aims to trace Spirulina's evolution from an ancient dietary staple to a modern superfood, emphasizing its immune support, antioxidant properties, and essential nutrients. It also highlights ongoing research on Spirulina's potential to address various health concerns and nutritional needs. Method: The review adopts a comprehensive approach to evaluate Spirulina's pharmacological and therapeutic potential. It systematically examines existing literature, research studies, and clinical trials on Spirulina's health benefits and applications, focusing on its ability to combat malnutrition, boost economies, and offer novel therapeutic interventions. Results: Spirulina is identified as a valuable natural resource with significant potential in nutrition and medicine. The review underscores its pharmacological and therapeutic attributes, particularly in addressing malnutrition and contributing to economic development. Conclusion: Spirulina's role as an effective medicinal resource is discussed, highlighting its implications for novel therapeutic interventions. Overall, the findings underscore Spirulina's nutritional significance, enduring appeal, and promising role in tackling contemporary health challenges.  
Isolation, purification, and characterization of bioactive peptide from Chenopodium quinoa seeds: therapeutic and functional insights Sen, Amit; Sharma, Gunjan; Tomer, Nalini; Shibu B., Sahaya; Moin, Sarmad
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 12 No. 6 (2024)
Publisher : Creative Pharma Assent

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.69857/joapr.v12i6.835

Abstract

Background: Chenopodium quinoa is a nutrient-dense pseudocereal packed with proteins, vital amino acids, and bioactive substances that may have medicinal uses. These include antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and antibacterial properties. Notably, quinoa proteins and peptides show multifunctional bioactivities such as immunological regulation, cancer cell death, and microbial suppression. This study aimed to separate, purify, and describe the bioactive proteins found in quinoa seeds, emphasizing their potential applications as medicines. Methodology: Quinoa seeds underwent protein extraction, defatting, and de-saponification. Ion exchange chromatography, dialysis, and ammonium sulfate precipitation were used to purify the seeds. The Lowry technique was used to quantify the proteins. Functional tests assessed the seeds' antibacterial, antifungal, protease, and anticancer properties, and peptide identification was carried out using LC-MS/MS. Results: The protein content decreased during purification steps, indicating effective removal of impurities. Protein fractions exhibited significant antibacterial and antifungal activities. Protease activity varied among fractions, with the pH 2 fraction showing the highest activity. Crude extract and pH 2-treated fractions demonstrated significant anticancer activity against A549 and Hela cell lines. pH 2 fraction exhibits the highest protease activity of 2.451 units/ml, indicating enhanced enzymatic capability under acidic conditions. Peptides identified from the pH 2 fraction showed potential therapeutic properties. Conclusion: The antibacterial, antifungal, proteolytic, and anticancer properties of quinoa-derived peptides and proteins demonstrate their potential for use in medicine. Clinical validation and the creation of functional foods or nutraceuticals based on quinoa should be the main objectives of future research.
Expose the bioactive properties of Picrorhiza kurroa root extract oil (PKEO): phytochemical composition and therapeutic activities Patil, Amol R.; Maru, Avish D.
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 12 No. 6 (2024)
Publisher : Creative Pharma Assent

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.69857/joapr.v12i6.841

Abstract

Background: The present study aims to explore the bioactive properties of essential Oil (PKEO) derived from Picrorhiza kurroa (commonly known as kutki), a medicinal plant known for its therapeutic potential. Picrorhiza kurroa essential oil has a distinct chemical profile, which sets it apart from other essential oils. The bioactive compounds present in Picrorhiza kurroa essential oil may lead to the development of new drugs, particularly for treating inflammatory and oxidative stress-related disorders. The research aims to study the extraction, phytochemical composition, and various biological activities of PKEO. Methodology: Oil obtained through hydro-distillation contains various phytochemical compounds, including steroids, triterpenoids, alkaloids, phenols, proteins, flavonoids, and tannins. Its bioactivity and aroma are attributed to its phenolic and sesquiterpene esters. Results and Discussion:  The total phenolic content is 250.47 μg GAE/g, and the total flavonoid content is 245.26 μg QE/g. UV-visible and IR spectroscopic analyses confirm the presence of phenolic and terpenoid ester functional groups. PKEO has moderate antioxidant activity, with IC50 values of 98.19 µg/mL in DPPH scavenging and 42.72% inhibition in the ABTS assay. It also exhibits dose-dependent inhibition of protein denaturation and HRBC stabilizing activity. Antimicrobial tests show PKEO inhibits E. coli growth, indicating potential antibacterial properties. Conclusion: These findings highlight PKEO's promising bioactive profile, suggesting potential therapeutic and cosmetic formulation applications. The antifungal activity also shows the potential antifungal effects of the PKEO.
A paradigm shift in bioavailability enhancement using solid self emulisifying drug delivery system Umadevi, Sankararajan; Senthil Boopathi, Rajathi; Ezhilarasan
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 13 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Creative Pharma Assent

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.69857/joapr.v13i1.704

Abstract

Background: Solids are physically and chemically more stable compared to liquid formulations. The Solid SEDDS form is preferred over the liquid SEDDS form to enhance the oral bioavailability of lipophilic medications. Solid SEDDS are isotropic mixtures of oil, surfactant, and co-solvent. Methodology: A liquid-solid compact approach is followed to convert liquid SEDDS into solid SEDDS. Melt granulation, melt extrusion, spray drying, adsorption to solid carriers, and freeze drying are some approaches to converting liquid SEDDS into solid SEDDS. Various solid self-emulsifying materials in several solid dosage forms, like solid dispersions, tablets, capsules, and powders. Result and discussion: Solid SEDDS results in solubility studies, particle size and polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential, in vitro drug release, solid-state characterization (e.g., XRD, DSC), and stability studies. In summary, S-SEDDS seems to be a viable strategy for improving the distribution of poorly water-soluble drugs through enhanced bioavailability, stability, and administration simplicity. Conclusion: In this review, the research will be extended to the different approaches toward improving the bioavailability, stability, and solubility of poorly soluble drugs into solid SEDDS. All these components are intended to act as primary instructions for future development in SSEDDS.
Insilico molecular docking and ADME/T studies of flavonol compounds against selected proteins involved in inflammation mechanism Pentu, Narendra; Azhakesan, Ajitha; Pasupuleti Kishore Kumar
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 13 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Creative Pharma Assent

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.69857/joapr.v13i1.706

Abstract

Background: Using computational tools in drug discovery advanced the research in identifying new drug candidates for the benefit of the pharmaceutical industry and assessing the safety and pharmacokinetic profiles of phytochemicals. Understanding the inflammatory mechanism is not possible, but inflammatory signal transduction by cytokines can be mitigated by using the flavonoid class of drugs like flavonols. Methodology: A molecular docking study of flavonol compounds with proteins linked with inflammation was carried out using the AutodockVina program. SwissADME and pkCSM modules were used to assess the pharmacokinetic features of plant products. Compared to commercially available NSAIDs, flavonols had more excellent molecular docking scores. Results: Calculation of ADME features of flavonols with no carcinogenicity and low oral acute toxicity level. Compared to anti-inflammatory medicines, the Rutin docking score against COX-I (-8.7 kcal/mol) and the Galangin docking score against COX-II enzymes (-9.4 kcal/mol) had higher values. Discussion: Molecular docking studies exhibited the highest docking score for COX-I is Rutin -8.7 Kcal/mol and hydrogen bond with THR-89, PRO-84, LS-468, GLY-471, PHE-470. The highest docking for COX-II is Galangin -9.4 Kcal/mol and hydrogen bonding with VAL-349 and TYR-385. ADME/T studies were performed for all the flavonols. Rutin has the highest violations in drug-likeliness studies.  Conclusion: Flavonols may be more effective anti-inflammatory medicines than commercial medications. By modifying the pharmacokinetic features of plant products through diverse formulation strategies, we can get these phytochemicals to their target sites with fewer adverse effects.

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