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Turbo : Jurnal Program Studi Teknik Mesin
Published by Universitas Muhammadiyah Metro
ISSN : 23016663     EISSN : 2477250X     DOI : https://doi.org/10.24127
Core Subject : Engineering,
Mechanical Engineering
TURBO ISSN (print version) 2301-6663 & ISSN (online version) 2477-250X is a peer-reviewed journal that publishes scientific articles from the disciplines of mechanical engineering, which includes the field of study (peer) material, production and manufacturing, construction and energy conversion. Articles published in the journal Mechanical include results of original scientific research (original), and a scientific review article (review). Mechanical journal published by the Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University Muhammadiyah of Metro for publishing two periods a year, in June and December with the number of articles 14-20 per year . Editors receive manuscripts in mechanical engineering from various academics, researchers and industry practitioners.
Arjuna Subject : Teknik (semua kategori) - Teknik Mesin
Articles 756 Documents
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PEMANFAATAN UMBI GANYONG SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKAR ALTERNATIF BIOETANOL Kemas Ridhuan; Ahmad Sukamto
TURBO [Tulisan Riset Berbasis Online] Vol 1, No 2 (2012): Desember 2012
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Metro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24127/trb.v1i2.649

Abstract

Abstrak : Pengembangan energi merupakan hal yang mendesak untuk zaman sekarang ini viralslot. Salah satu sumber energi alternatif yang potensial yaitu umbi ganyong yang dapat diolah sebagai bahan bakar bioetanol. Bioetanol merupakan bahan bakar pengganti bensin yang dapat diolah dari bahan tumbuh – tumbuhan. Umbi ganyong cukup baik karena kandungan patinya cukup tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui proses pengolahan umbi ganyong menjadi bioetanol pada proses penyulingan dengan kapasitas bioetanol yang dihasilkan dari umbi ganyong yang yang digunakan.Proses pengolahan umbi gayong dilakukan mulai dari pencucian, lalu umbi gayong digiling atau di parut menjadi bubur tepung, kemudian diperas dan menghasilka pati. Selanjutnya pati ditambah air lalu direbus (proses liquifikasi) kemudian dilanjutkan proses sakarifikasi. Setelah itu dikasih ragi untuk proses fermentasi. Lalu proses akhir pada penyulingan dengan destilasi untuk mendapatkan minyak bioetanol viralslot.Dari umbi ganyong sebanyak 45 kg menghasilkan pati 8,3 kg, pati tersebut ditambah air sebanyak 27 liter, sehingga menjadi 35,3 liter. Selanjutnya pati direbus untuk proses liquifikasi selama 30 menit dengan suhu 105 °C dan dilanjutkan proses sakarifikasi selama 75 menit dengan suhu 95 °C. Setelah selesai turunkan suhu hingga 40 °C dan ditambahkan ragi untuk difermentasi selama 7 hari. Proses penyulingan (distilasi) dengan suhu 78 °C. Hasil dari penyulingan mendapatkan bioetanol sebanyak 3,15 liter.Kata Kunci : Ganyong, energi, bioetanol
PRODUKSI BIOGAS DARI LIMBAH RUMAH TANGGA SEBAGAI UPAYA MENGATASI KRISIS ENERGI DAN PENCEMARAN LINGKUNGAN Marsudi, Marsudi
TURBO [Tulisan Riset Berbasis Online] Vol 1, No 2 (2012): Desember 2012
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Metro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24127/trb.v1i2.650

Abstract

Abstrak: Limbah rumah tangga merupakan komponen bolawins yang cukup berbahaya jika dibuang begitu saja karena akan menimbulkan bau busuk, penyakit dan mencemari air terutama air tanah yang banyak dipakai sebagai air minum. Untuk itu perlu diolah sebagai energi alternative biogas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana produksi dan karaktristik proses fermentasi limbah, berapa banyak biogas yang dapat dihasilkan, berapa lama waktu permentasi. Metode penelitiannya yaitu pembuatan alat reaktor dan pengujian dengan memasukkan limbah rumah tangga yang dicampur kotoran ternak dan air ke dalam reaktor lalu mencatat hasilnya kemudian menguji biogasnya. Reaktor biogas dengan volume 120 liter terdiri dari tampungan utama limbah dan tampungan biogas. saluran masuk dan saluran keluar limbah, juga saluran keluar biogas. Proses fermentasi berlangsung pada kondisi tanpa oksigen. Prinsip Kerja Reaktor Biogas yaitu limbah cair tahu dimasukkan ke dalam reaktor yang kedap udara, memanfaatkan proses pencernaan yang dilakukan oleh bakteri methanogen yang produknya berupa gas methana (CH4). Proses fermentasi berlangsung selama 50 hari dengan hasil-hasil sebagai berikut dari 100 liter limbah rumah tangga, kotoran ternak dan air yang diproses fermentasi maka didapat biogas sejumlah 0,55432 m3 atau 554,32 liter biogas. Dengan tekanan tertinggi 106,5 kN/m2. Temperatur yang terjadi di dalam reaktor 29 - 31sesuai dengan batas aman yang diisaratkan untuk permentasi yaitu 25 - 40Kata kunci : Limbah, Biogas, Energi
KAJIAN POTENSI SUMBER ENERGI BIOGAS DARI KOTORAN TERNAK UNTUK BAHAN BAKAR ALTERNATIF DI KECAMATAN KALIREJO KABUPATEN LAMPUNG TENGAH Untung Surya Dharma; Kemas Ridhuan
TURBO [Tulisan Riset Berbasis Online] Vol 3, No 2 (2014): Desember 2014
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Metro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24127/trb.v3i2.644

Abstract

Biogas is a source of energy that is derived from the decomposition of organic matter by microorganisms in the absence of oxygen (anaerobic) to produce a mixture of several gases are methane (CH 4) and carbon dioxide (CO 2).Biogas can be made from many types of waste material and the rest aniani4d , a kind of garbage, livestock waste, agricultural waste and others.Things to consider in the development of biogas energy source so that the principle of availability of sustainable biogas as an alternative fuel can be met is a local or regional potential to produce biogas.Communities in the District Central Lampung regency Kalirejo many who maintain livestock.Waste from livestock manure is especially very disturbing and detrimental to health, it is encouraging to capitalize upon the waste as feedstock for biogas production.To assess the potential of biogas energy sources are needed data about the amount of livestock manure every day, in this study is the dung of cows, goats and chickens.Fermentation process for the three types of dirt inside the reactor each trial was conducted to determine the length / time effective and energy biogas produced.From the field data known total number of chickens are farmed as much as 176.264 , goat 12.345and cow 4.488 tail.Manure produced by 1 chicken, 1 goats and one cow in a row that is 0.055 kg / day, 0.98 kg / day and 19.5 kg / day.While the testing laboratory, known Biogas produced from each of 20 kg of dung that chicken manure yield of 2.04 m 3, cow dung yield of 0.56 m 3 and 0.76 m 3 cow dung.From field data and laboratory testing can be calculated local potential in providing sustainable biogas in District Kalirejo Kalirejo Central Lampung regency, namely the potential of biogas from chicken manure at 988.84 m 3 / day, goat manure at 338.75 m 3 / day and cow manure at 3325.61 m 3 / day.So the total potential of biogas that can be generated is equal to 4653.2 m 3 / day.Keywords: Biogas, local potentials, livestock manure, the total potential of biogas.
MESIN PERONTOK TANGKAI LADA BERKAPASITAS PRODUKSI 40 KG PER JAM Sugianto, Sugianto; Sukamto, Sukamto
TURBO [Tulisan Riset Berbasis Online] Vol 1, No 2 (2012): Desember 2012
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Metro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24127/trb.v1i2.652

Abstract

Abstrack: The process bolawins shedding is still less effective until now, especially in Bangka-Belitung. The peppers which has been harvested be collected into the sack, after that it is continued to the process of soaking, washing and drying. In fact, it is less efficient because of the collected peppers are still with their stalks. The pepper thresher machine is a rubber roller construction machine system, which in tied up in the thresher shaft. This machine is operated with an electric motor. It is expected that this machine can help the farmer in case of the pepper collecting and decrease the sacks need. One hectare area of peppers agriculture planting have 2.500 peppers tree and they can produces 200 sack peppers before fall off by the stalk. The soaking process of peppers wich stalk peppers together having a need off many sacks. For two hundreds sack pepper with stalk only use 130 sack on peppers without stalk. So the process increase efficiency of using sack until achievement about 30%. Key words : peppers, sacks, rubber and soaking.
KARAKTERISTIK PEMBAKARAN BRIKET ARANG BERBAHAN BAKU SAMPAH KOTA DENGAN ANALISA TERMOGRAVIMETRY Setiawan, Yudi
TURBO [Tulisan Riset Berbasis Online] Vol 1, No 2 (2012): Desember 2012
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Metro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24127/trb.v1i2.651

Abstract

Abstrak :Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kamislot pengaruh campuran bahan terhadap char yang dihasilkan, energi aktivasi dan karakteristik pembakarannya (ITVM, ITFC, PT dan BT). Proses pirolisis menggunakan 6 sampel uji yaitu benda uji 1 (100% bambu), benda uji 2 (100% daun pisang), benda uji 3 (100% plastik kemasan), benda uji 4 (50% bambu-50% daun pisang), benda uji 5 ( 50% bambu-50% plastik kemasan) dan benda uji 6 (50% daun pisang-50% plastik kemasan) dengan massa 20 gram. Sampel dipirolisis dengan temperatur akhir 400 oC dengan heating rate 10oC/menit. Temperatur dipertahankan selama 30 menit setelah temperatur sampel mencapai temperatur akhir yang diinginkan. Setelah char hasil pirolisis diperoleh kemudian dilakukan pembriketan sebelum pembakaran. Bahan briket memiliki massa 3 gram, yang terdiri dari 2,4 gram arang (80%) dan 0,6 gram binder (2,86% kanji dan 17,14 % air).Untuk bahan tunggal benda uji 2 ( daun pisang) menghasilkan massa akhir pirolisis tertinggi yaitu 32,8% dengan nilai kalor 3.982 kal/gram.Variasi campuran bahan berpengaruh terhadap massa char yang dihasilkan. Campuran bahan uji 4 (bambu-daun pisang) menghasilkan massa akhir pirolisis tertinggi yaitu 30,3% dengan nilai kalor 5.547 kal/ gram. Nilai kalor tertinggi dihasilkan pada campuran benda uji 6 (daun pisang–plastik kemasan) yaitu 8.360 kal/ gram yang kemungkinan disebabkan oleh uap tar yang terkandung dalam volatile matter akan menjadi reaktif. Uap tar dapat mengalami reaksi sekunder berupa cracking menjadi gas-gas hidrokarbon yang terperangkap di dalam pori-pori partikel arang atau mengalami repolimerisasi menjadi arang. Untuk bahan campuran, benda uji 4 (bambu-daun pisang) memiliki energi aktivasi terendah yaitu 22,923 (kJ/mol).Karakteristik pembakaran pada benda uji 4yaitu ITVM =158oC , ITFC=176 oC, PT =376 oC dan BT =729 oC.Kata kunci : pirolisis, char, thermogravimetry
Analisa pengaruh temperatur pemanasan pada proses normalizing dan hardening quenching terhadap kekuatan tarik dan struktur mikro baut ST-60 Sutrisno Sutrisno; Azmal Azmal; Dwi Handoko
TURBO [Tulisan Riset Berbasis Online] Vol 10 No 2 (2021): TURBO: Jurnal Program Studi Teknik Mesin
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Metro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24127/trb.v10i2.1515

Abstract

This study aims to obtain information about the price of tensile, hardening, and changes in microstructure as well as changes in material properties at hot temperature variations 800 OC to 900 OC. The method used in this study is an experimental method, where the material used is ST-60 steel bolts, with a tensile test sample form referring to the ASTM D 638-03 standard, while for testing hardness and chemical composition based on machine standards, namely Ø16 mm x 20 mm. In this study, 5 samples were made at each temperature of 0 0C, 800 0C, 850 0C, 900 0C, 950 0C and 1000 0C with the type of heat treatment in the normalizing process and the hardening quenching process. This research was conducted in the Laboratorium Pengujian Bahan, Jurusan Teknik Mesin, Politeknik Negeri Pontianak. The test results on the normalizing process for tensile strength decreased by an average of 230.78 N/mm2 or 50%, Vickers hardness decreased by an average of 33.99 HV or 31% and the carbon content decreased by an average of 0.19 or 48% of the normalizing process is not done. Whereas in the hardening quenching process, the average tensile strength increased by 93.22 N/mm2 or 20 %, the Vickers hardness on average increased by 19.29 HV or 18 % and the average carbon content increased by 0.06 or up 17 % of the hardening quenching process was not done. So to overcome the decrease in mechanical strength and changes in the microstructure of the ST-60 bolt due to hot temperatures, the hardening quenching process can be applied, namely by polishing with used oil after the bolts work at hot temperatures.
Modifikasi dan uji performansi mesin perontok lada dengan mekanisme perontok silinder berjaring Leo Dedy Anjiu; Suhendra Suhendra
TURBO [Tulisan Riset Berbasis Online] Vol 10 No 2 (2021): TURBO: Jurnal Program Studi Teknik Mesin
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Metro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24127/trb.v10i2.1566

Abstract

Pepper is one of Indonesia's leading agricultural products. However, post-harvest handling of pepper, such as the threshing process, is still done traditionally. Efforts to overcome these problems done by developing a mechanical threshing process, including by designing and construction a mesh thresher cylinder type of pepper threshing. Test results show, this pepper thresher has a weakness, namely low threshing efficiency so that it needs to developed. Based on these conditions, research is needed that aims to develop, modify and done performance tests on the pepper thresher. The modification was made by making the contact angle between the thresher cylinder and the threshing net is 60o and resulted length of the threshing contact field of about 5.23 cm. The independent variable was the thresher cylinder rotational speed varied into 540, 471, 451 and 352 rpm. The dependent variables were capacity, threshing efficiency and percentage pepper of damage. The results of the analysis showed that the rotational speed of the threshing mechanism had a very significant effect on the capacity, threshing efficiency and the percentage pepper of damage. Increasing the speed of the thresher cylinder can increase the capacity and percentage of damaged pepper, but reduce threshing efficiency. The threshing efficiency increase of the pepper thresher before and after modification was from 35.8% to 95.93% on the approaching treatment.
Analysis of heat and mass transfer in the manufacturing process of instant soy milk using a laboratory scale spray dryer Nely Ana Mufarida; Asroful Abidin
TURBO [Tulisan Riset Berbasis Online] Vol 10 No 2 (2021): TURBO: Jurnal Program Studi Teknik Mesin
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Metro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24127/trb.v10i2.1629

Abstract

The events that occur during the drying include heat and mass transfer processes. So based on this, this research will discuss "Analysis of Heat and Mass Transfer in the Process of Making Instant Soy Milk Using a Laboratory Scale Spray Dryer". The research method used is the experimental method. The research that will be carried out will consist of preliminary research and main research. The purpose of this preliminary study was to determine the drying air temperature, fogging pressure, and the ratio of soy milk powder to water in solution. The best results from preliminary research are used in the main study. Data processing using technical analysis. The results showed that an increase in the drying air temperature of 80 ° C, 85 ° C, 90 ° C, 95 ° C, and 100 ° C caused a decrease in the need for drying air, namely 27.323 kg of dry air / hour to 9.840 kg of dry air / hour, time the drying of the material is shorter, namely 1 hour 10 minutes to 1 hour, the increase in thermal efficiency is 81.9% to 84.3%, and the increase in product weight coming out of the drying chamber is 3.1 grams to 4.1 grams. The results of the questionnaire showed that the panelists tended to rank taste first (65%), aroma second (61.25%), color third (47.5%).
Rancang bangun alat uji pompa sentrifugal bahan bakar solar sebagai media pembelajaran dan praktikum mahasiswa Program Studi Teknik Mesin Universitas Muhammadiyah Pontianak skala laboratorium Gunarto Gunarto; Suje'i Suje'i; Doddy Irawan; Eko Julianto
TURBO [Tulisan Riset Berbasis Online] Vol 10 No 2 (2021): TURBO: Jurnal Program Studi Teknik Mesin
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Metro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24127/trb.v10i2.1675

Abstract

This study aims to produce a diesel oil transfer device using a pump as a learning medium as well as a practical pump course for students of the Mechanical Engineering Study Program, University of Muhammadiyah Pontianak. This design needs to be made as an effort to stimulate learning motivation, improve students' understanding and thinking skills in pumping courses. The research stages are carried out by designing the design and manufacture or assembling of the diesel oil transfer device into a unified whole, as well as testing the tool so that it can be used for learning media and practicum. Data collection and retrieval is adjusted to the test instrument instrument. The result of this research is a learning and practical media tool to test the characteristics of diesel oil centrifugal pumps. This oil transfer device can operate properly and has met the standards of the pump used. This media can be used as a lecturer to facilitate the learning process for pump courses. In addition, this tool is worthy of being used as a practicum tool for centrifugal pump performance specifically for diesel oil pumps.
Pengaruh sifat mekanik dari fraksi volume komposit berpenguat serat tandan kosong kelapa sawit Ady Setiawan; Daryono Daryono; Topan Prihantoro
TURBO [Tulisan Riset Berbasis Online] Vol 10 No 2 (2021): TURBO: Jurnal Program Studi Teknik Mesin
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Metro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24127/trb.v10i2.1688

Abstract

Industri kelapa sawit yang di kenal sebagai tandan kosong kelapa sawit. Saat ini perkembangan teknologi bahan semakin pesat. Berbagai bahan telah penelitian berlanjut untuk mendapatkan matrial yang lebih baik, yaitu matrial komposit. Tujuan penelitian dapat mengetahui pengaruh fraksi volume serat tandan kosong kelapa sawit dengan sifat mekanik, jenis patahan dan mencari komposisi fraksi volume yang terbaik. Metode penelitian yang di gunakan pencetakan penekanan fraski volume 4%, 6% dan 8% pengujian di lakukan kampus Politeknik Negeri Pontianak Kampus Kab. Sanggau. Penelitian telah mendapatkan hasil, dengan bertambahnya fraksi volume serat maka nilai kekuatan tarik yang di miliki spesimen fraksi volume serat 4%,6%, dan 8%  43.20 MPa, 65.00MPa, dan 86.12MPa. Nilai regangan masing-masing pada fraksi volume 4%, 6%, dan 8% yaitu 11.80%, 4.07% dan 4.68%  dan tanpa serat 6.47% adanya pengaruh regangan komposit berpenguat serat TKSS yakni pada fraksi volume 4% yakni 11.80%. Komposit bepenguat serat tandan kosong kelapa sawit bisa di jadikan penguat pada komposit. Jenis patahan yang terjadi pada spesimen resin polyster dan komposit berpenguat serat TKKS jenis patahan getas. Fraksi volume serat 6% yang di miliki modulus elastistas terbesar dengan nilai 21,04 MPa. Hasil ini mempengaruhi fraski volume serat 4% dan 8% 2.66% , dan 21.48% sedangkan tanpa serat tandan kosong kelapa sawit 8.79MPa.Kata kunci: Resin Polyster, Komposit, Serat tandan kosong kelapa Sawit, UJi tarik

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