Language Literacy: Journal of Linguistics, Literature, and Language Teaching
Language Literacy: Journal of Linguistics, Literature, and Language Teaching is a double blind peer reviewed international journal biannually published by the Faculty of Literature, Islamic University of North Sumatra, Medan, Indonesia. Publication is issued in June and December. Authors are encouraged to submit complete unpublished and original works or research results, which are not under review in any other journals. Manuscripts should follow the style of the journal and are subject to both review and editing. The scopes of the journal include, but not limited to, linguistics, literature and language teaching written in English.
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<![CDATA[LOCAL WISDOM OF BADONCEK AS ORAL TRADITION IN PARIAMAN WEDDING CEREMONY ]]>
<![CDATA[Deliana Deliana]]>;
<![CDATA[Masdiana Lubis]]>
<![CDATA[ Language Literacy: Journal of Linguistics, Literature, and Language Teaching Vol 3, No 1: June 2019 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Islam Sumatera Utara (UISU) ]]>
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DOI: 10.30743/ll.v3i1.942
<![CDATA[This paper is concerned with an oral tradition called Badoncek program which is usually performed at night after the invited guests of a wedding party have gone home. In this study, 20 informants of Pariaman community were interviewed in two different locations, that is at Pasar Sukaramai, Medan and Naras Hilir village in Pariaman district. These interviews generated a total of 6 forms of local wisdom in badoncek ceremony and 5 forms of its weaknesses which were then recorded, transcribed, and documented. This research used in-depth interview and focussed on group discussion. The focus of discussion was on finding the forms of local wisdom and the weakness of the oral tradition of badoncek. These forms of weakness were analyzed based on interpretation and comparison methods. It was found that the concept Barek samo dipikua jikok ringan samo dijinjiang ‘A heavy problem is to be lifted together, and a light problem is also to be carried together’ was implemented through badoncek tradition. The six forms of local wisdom of badoncek were mutual cooperation, harmony, deliberation and consensus, mutual help, openness, and entertainment. The five forms of weaknesses of badoncek were an old tradition, lack of socialization, lack of parents’ role in motivating young generation, lack of knowledge about oral tradition, and lack of empathy to contribute. A number of attempts have been made to preserve badoncek tradition by approaching the local government, custom leaders in Pariaman District, and Pariaman community associations. Badoncek tradition could also be applied to raise funds in order to support various programs of the local government.]]>
<![CDATA[BEDOUIN WOMEN STATUS UNDER THE PATRIARCHAL SYSTEM IN MIRAL AL TAHAWI’S THE TENT ]]>
<![CDATA[Zainab Abd Ali Hammood]]>;
<![CDATA[Lajiman Bin Janoory]]>
<![CDATA[ Language Literacy: Journal of Linguistics, Literature, and Language Teaching Vol 3, No 1: June 2019 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Islam Sumatera Utara (UISU) ]]>
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DOI: 10.30743/ll.v3i1.1174
<![CDATA[This research investigates the status of female characters under the oppressive patriarchal system of Bedouin in the novels of Miral Al Tahawi through the lens of radical feminist theory. Miral Al-Tahawi explains in her novel "The Tent" how women are marginalized and exploited in the context of parental restrictions imposed on them in Bedouin society, which is governed by harsh customs and values. The rationale comes from an understanding of the influence of this patriarchal authority over Bedouin women that reveals the status of women as oppressed and subject to the conditions that control women's identity and limit their freedom. This research will critically analyze the status of women in a gender-focused society. The current study found that Miral al-Tahawi embodied the suffering of Bedouin women through the suffering of the female characters in her novel. She reveals the extent of the suffering and patriarchal oppression that Bedouin women are subjected to in silence.]]>
<![CDATA[ERRORS IN PRONOUNCING ENGLISH PHONEMES: A PRAAT ANALYSIS ]]>
<![CDATA[Rohani Ganie]]>;
<![CDATA[Wahyu Maulana]]>;
<![CDATA[Rahmadsyah Rangkuti]]>
<![CDATA[ Language Literacy: Journal of Linguistics, Literature, and Language Teaching Vol 3, No 1: June 2019 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Islam Sumatera Utara (UISU) ]]>
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DOI: 10.30743/ll.v3i1.1216
<![CDATA[This article is concerned with a study of pronunciation errors made by students of English Literature Department, Faculty of Cultural Sciences, University of Sumatera Utara. The scope is limited to the study of error analysis in the pronunciation of English phonemes. The participants of this study were two students of the department with Acehnese background. In this study, the electronic software called Praat was used as an instrument in the analysis of speech sounds of the participants. The purpose of this study was to find out the dominant errors of the pronunciation of English phonemes made by the participants. The data were derived from the pronunciations of English phonemes which were recorded and transcribed in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) as in Katamba (1996: 13). The standard value of the pronunciation of English phonemes was adopted from Cambridge Advanced Learner’s Dictionary. The quality of the pronunciations of the participants was described in graphs and the results were shown in percentage as given in tables and charts.]]>
<![CDATA[TABOO LANGUAGE IN MALAY PANAI LANGUAGE OF LABUHAN BILIK DIALECT ]]>
<![CDATA[Hilman Haidir]]>;
<![CDATA[Mulyadi Mulyadi]]>
<![CDATA[ Language Literacy: Journal of Linguistics, Literature, and Language Teaching Vol 3, No 1: June 2019 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Islam Sumatera Utara (UISU) ]]>
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DOI: 10.30743/ll.v3i1.1004
<![CDATA[This research dealt with the identification of taboo language in Malay Panai Language of Labuhan Bilik Dialect. It is a language spoken by people living in Labuhan Bilik village, Panai Tengah district, Labuhan Batu, Rantau Prapat. The objective of this research was to describe the classification of the taboo words in Malay Panai Language of Labuhan Bilik Dialect (MPLLBD). The research applied was descriptive qualitative approach. The data were collected through observation, recording, and field notes. Then, the data were analyzed by identifying taboo words and categorizing them into the types of taboo words. Thus, each of the taboo words were presented in some examples of utterances in the language. Some words were considered taboo or not depending on the context in which they were used. The finding shows that taboo words in MPLLBD could be either implicit or explicit. In conclusion, there were some classifications of taboo words in the language which were related to the utterances of sex, death, excretion, body function, religion, animals, vague words, and disease. ]]>
<![CDATA[CODE MIXING USED BY STUDENTS OF FRENCH STUDY PROGRAM STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDAN ]]>
<![CDATA[Windi Sahputra Barus]]>;
<![CDATA[Mhd. Pujiono]]>;
<![CDATA[Hesti Fibriasari]]>
<![CDATA[ Language Literacy: Journal of Linguistics, Literature, and Language Teaching Vol 3, No 1: June 2019 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Islam Sumatera Utara (UISU) ]]>
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DOI: 10.30743/ll.v3i1.980
<![CDATA[The communication process involving a code mixing is an alternative to avoid misunderstandings in a bilingual community, a community having the phenomenon of speaking and understanding two or more languages, referring either to individuals or the entire society. This study aims to analyze the forms of code mixing using qualitative method. The data were obtained from recording of conversational discourse. The data collection strategy used the referral method, supported by basic techniques, namely tapping and advanced techniques, the skillful in-flight listening technique (SBLC). The results show that there are code mixing with the insertion of morphological elements in forms of nouns, numerals, verbs (infinitive and conjugation), adverbs (question and time), and adjectives; the insertion of phrase in terms of noun phrases (objects and numerals), verb phrases, and adverb phrases); the insertion of clause in the forms of noun clauses, numeral clauses, verb clauses, and adverb clauses; and the insertion of idiomatic forms. Code mixing of students of French language is also found in English language.]]>
<![CDATA[THE FUNCTION OF GRAMMATICAL METAPHOR OF MOOD IN THE CONVERSATION OF BIBLE ]]>
<![CDATA[Rica Sri Devi Sitorus]]>;
<![CDATA[Eddy Setia]]>;
<![CDATA[Dian Marisha Putri]]>
<![CDATA[ Language Literacy: Journal of Linguistics, Literature, and Language Teaching Vol 3, No 1: June 2019 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Islam Sumatera Utara (UISU) ]]>
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DOI: 10.30743/ll.v3i1.990
<![CDATA[ AbstractGrammatical metaphor is the transference in the expression of meanings from a congruent representation to another incongruent realization which involves changes in the level of clauses, groups/phrases, words and morphemes. Grammatical metaphor of mood could be found in a conversation by making an identification of speech function based on the utterances whether it was statement, question, command or offer. SFL which is proposed by Halliday (1994) became the theory that would be used to analyzed the function of mood in the conversation between God and Moses regarded with Interpersonal Function. This research aimed to examine about the types of grammatical metaphor of mood and the way it was realized in the conversation between God and Moses. This research applied qualitative descriptive approach. The conversation was taken from Bible because Bible is one of the book that have a great contribution from language side which would not change from age to age. The data would be taken from the conversation between God and Moses at Horeb The Mountain of God in the form of clause and phrase. The source of data in this research is the Holy Bible Exodus 3-19 NIV (New International Version) which is published by Zondervan. Keywords: Grammatical Metaphor, Mood, Speech Function, Coding, Conversation]]>
<![CDATA[NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION OF THE SIMPSONS MEMES IN “MEMES.COM” INSTAGRAM ]]>
<![CDATA[Vivian Savenia Sumeisey]]>;
<![CDATA[Rahmadsyah Rangkuti]]>;
<![CDATA[Rohani Ganie]]>
<![CDATA[ Language Literacy: Journal of Linguistics, Literature, and Language Teaching Vol 3, No 1: June 2019 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Islam Sumatera Utara (UISU) ]]>
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DOI: 10.30743/ll.v3i1.992
<![CDATA[The research aims to identify the nonverbal communication especially kinesics aspect in the Simpsons memes in “memes.com” instagram. The nonverbal communications in the Simpsons memes convey the meme users’ emotions, feelings and messages through expressive actions. By analyzing the non verbal communication, the meme users are able to understand the meaning of the meme and the meme readers are able to understand what the memes senders try to communicate. The research was conducted by means qualitative descriptive analysis. The data of the research was the Simpsons meme and the source of data was “memes.com” instagram. The data collection was qualitative audio and visual material because the data is a picture. The sample of the research was forteen Simpsons memes. Facial expression, posture and gesture are the kinesics aspect that found in the Simpsons memes in “memes.com” instagram. The results of the researchwere one meme showed posture and gesture, two memes showed facial expression and gesture, three memes showed facial expression and posture, memes only showed posture and five memes showed the character’s facial expression in conveying the message.]]>
<![CDATA[MOVEMENT TRANSFORMATION IN GAYO SYNTAX ]]>
<![CDATA[Tri Murni]]>;
<![CDATA[Robert Sibarani]]>;
<![CDATA[Eddy Setia]]>;
<![CDATA[Gustianigsih Gustianingsihh]]>
<![CDATA[ Language Literacy: Journal of Linguistics, Literature, and Language Teaching Vol 3, No 1: June 2019 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Islam Sumatera Utara (UISU) ]]>
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DOI: 10.30743/ll.v3i1.906
<![CDATA[The purpose of this study is to present syntactic descriptions of how movement transformational rules apply in Gayo syntax and to examine the status of movement transformational rules in Gayo language (henceforth GL) in the theoretical framework of Transformational Linguistics (TL) proposed by Chomsky (1965, 1981) and Suhadi (2018). In this theory there are three kinds of syntactic rules: Movement Rule, Deletion Rule and Substitution Rule. The discussion focuses on Movement Transformational Rules in GL. Transformation is the inter-related process between the deep structure and the surface structure of a sentence by the application of one or more transformational rules. The method used in this study was descriptive qualitative approach as noted by Martin (2004). Descriptive research is to portray accurately the characteristics of a particular situation or group or individual with or without special initial hypotheses about the nature of these characteristics. Thus, descriptive research design was applied to give a detail description of a certain case accurately. The data were analyzed from two angles: the application and the status of movement rules in GL, which can be compulsory, optional, and restricted. The data of this research derived from some sentences in the folklore story written in GL and the invention of the writer herself as the native speaker of the language. The finding shows that all the twelve kinds of movement transformational rules proposed by Suhadi (2018) are relevant to apply in GL. After the application of movement rules, the main finding is on the status of movement transformational rules in GL in which it is found that four movement rules are compulsory, eight are optional and there is no restricted rule in the language.]]>
<![CDATA[THE OBJECT-ORIENTED ASPECT OF IRVING’S A TOUR ON THE PRAIRIES ]]>
<![CDATA[Naruhiko Mikado]]>
<![CDATA[ Language Literacy: Journal of Linguistics, Literature, and Language Teaching Vol 3, No 1: June 2019 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Islam Sumatera Utara (UISU) ]]>
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DOI: 10.30743/ll.v3i1.1181
<![CDATA[This brief paper has basically two aims. First, it intends to introduce object-oriented ontology (OOO), a branch of contemporary thought which regards everything as an individual “object” of equal standing, as a potentially effective theoretical framework to examine a literary text, especially in order to explore the complexity of interactions between/among both human and nonhuman objects on a horizontal plane. Second, it analyzes how the narrator of A Tour on the Prairies, one of the long-neglected texts of Washington Irving, gradually begins to question the naive human/object binary and broadens his horizons through an encounter with another object. Specifically, I examined a series of the contacts which the narrator makes with buffaloes, and then demonstrated how he, though taking a naïve, human-centered schema in the beginning, gradually attains the liberal perspective through the recognition that the object before him is a being that is ontologically equal with him. I concluded the argument by attesting that the text, albeit in a gentle manner, invited us to see the world and existences in it with a more liberal—i.e. object-oriented—perspective.]]>
<![CDATA[CAUSATIVE CONSTRUCTION OF ACEH LANGUAGE: TYPOLOGY APPROACH ]]>
<![CDATA[Neni Umar]]>;
<![CDATA[Mulyadi Mulyadi]]>;
<![CDATA[Nurlela Nurlela]]>
<![CDATA[ Language Literacy: Journal of Linguistics, Literature, and Language Teaching Vol 3, No 1: June 2019 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Islam Sumatera Utara (UISU) ]]>
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DOI: 10.30743/ll.v3i1.969
<![CDATA[This study discusses causative construction in Acehnese language typologically. The problems studied were (1) the type of causative construction of the Aceh language typologically, (2) the relationship of the causative construction of Aceh language in typology, and (3) structures that establish the causative construction of Acehnese language. Research data, both oral and written, were obtained by speaking and listening methods. All data are examined by the identity and distributional methods. The results of the study showed that typologically the causative construction of Aceh language consists of morphological causative, lexical causative and analytic causative. Aceh language causative construction in this paper is investigated through parameters of semantics and formal. This construction was produced by combination of clause and conjunction ‘kerna’ or ‘seubap’; using analytical causative verb ‘peugot’ and ‘geuyu’; morphological causative affixes ‘meu-‘, ‘peu-‘ and ‘seu-‘; and using certain lexical causative in which have causative meaning. The relationship of the causative construction of the Aceh language in a syntactic typology, namely causative morphology and lexical causative was included in the causative construction of monoclauses, whereas analytic causative was included in the causative construction of biclauses. Structurally, testing is done by pinning syntactic operations, hence causative analytic was formed by biclauses structures, while lexical and morphological causative was formed by monoclausal structures.]]>
