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ASUPAN SENG YANG RENDAH SEBAGAI FAKTOR RISIKO KEPARAHAN PNEUMONIA PADA ANAK USIA 12-59 BULAN Nasution, Meiry; Hakimi, Mohammad; Hartini, Ninuk Sri
GIZI INDONESIA Vol 40, No 1 (2017): Maret 2017
Publisher : PERSATUAN AHLI GIZI INDONESIA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36457/gizindo.v40i1.224

Period prevalence of infant pneumonia in Indonesia is 18.5 per mile. The high mortality rate due to pneumonia of 62 percent was found in 10 countries and 5 countries was located in Asia. Zinc is one of micronutrients which is reported to prevent pneumonia as an acute phase response to infection and help to boost the body immune response. The objective of the study was to determine the impact of zinc intake as risk factor of severe pneumonia in children. A case control study was conducted among children aged 12–59 months in 2 hospitals and 6 health centres, Yogyakarta city. Thirty four children were categorized as having severe pneumonia (cases) and 102 children were categorized as having pneumonia (control). All sample’s mothers completed a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire during March-April 2014. Data analysis was performed using Mantel-Haenszel test and conditional logistic regression, α = 0,05. Results of the study showed that there were 41.2 percent cases and 56.9 percent control were exclusively breast-fed. The proportion of cases who had inadequate zink intake was higher than control group. There was no difference between inadequate zinc intake and the severe pneumonia (OR 1,08 and 95% CI 0,5-2,3). There was a statistically significant correlation between low-zinc intake and severe pneumonia if second disease exist (OR 3,8 and 95% CI 1,4 -10,8). As an conclusion, Inadequate zinc intake affected severe pneumonia when the secondary diseases exist in children with pneumonia. ABSTRAK Period prevalence pneumonia balita di Indonesia adalah 18,5 per mil. Angka kematian yang tinggi akibat pneumonia sebesar 62 persen terdapat di 10 negara dan 5 negara di antaranya merupakan negara di Asia. Defisiensi seng menyebabkan penurunan kekebalan sel sehingga meningkatkan kerentanan terhadap penyakit pneumonia. Tujuan penelitian ini menganalisis asupan seng yang kurang sebagai faktor risiko keparahan pneumonia pada anak. Desain penelitian case control pada 136 anak usia 12-59 bulan yang diperoleh dari 2 RS dan 6 puskesmas di Kotamadya Yogyakarta. Sampel terdiri dari 34 anak menderita pneumoni berat (kasus) dan 102 anak menderita pneumonia sebagai kontrol. Ibu sampel melengkapi data asupan seng melalui frekuensi makan semi-kuantitatif pada bulan Maret-April 2014. Sejumlah 45 makanan dicantumkan pada kuesioner frekuensi makan. Analisis data dilakukan dengan uji Mantel-Haenszel dan regresi logistik bersyarat dengan α =0,05. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sejumlah 41,2 persen kelompok kasus dan 56,9 persen kontrol mendapat air susu ibu (ASI) eksklusif. Proporsi kasus yang asupan sengnya kurang ternyata lebih tinggi dari kelompok kontrol. Tidak ada perbedaan antara asupan seng dan keparahan pneumonia (OR 1,08 dan 95% CI 0,5-2,3). Ada korelasi yang signifikan antara asupan seng yang kurang dan keparahan pneumonia jika disertai penyakit penyerta (OR 3,8 dan 95% CI 1,4 -10,8). Kurangnya asupan seng berpengaruh terhadap terjadinya keparahan pneumonia jika disertai adanya penyakit penyerta pada anak-anak penderita pneumonia usia 12-59 bulan. Kata kunci: asupan seng, pneumonia, faktor risiko, anak usia 12-59 bulan

LITERATURE REVIEW: PERUBAHAN GAYA HIDUP SEBAGAI UPAYA MANAJEMEN SINDROMA METABOLIK PADA REMAJA Rahayu Indriasari; Yessi Kurniati
GIZI INDONESIA Vol 40, No 1 (2017): Maret 2017
Publisher : PERSATUAN AHLI GIZI INDONESIA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36457/gizindo.v40i1.220

Adolescent Metabolic syndrome began an alarming rate in accordance to the increased incidence of overweight in this population group. Given the continued impact of increased risks of degenerative diseases in adulthood, the treatment of metabolic syndrome during adolescence becomes very important to be considered. However, research related to adolescent metabolic syndrome is still very limited and there is no recommendation for its management. This unsystematic narrative review design aimed to find out the magnitude of the problem of adolescent metabolic syndrome and explored the potential of lifestyle changes as an intervention to address the problem. Narrative overview was conducted among research articles and literature review articles published within last ten years. This review found that interventions targeting lifestyle changes, such as dietary changes and changes in physical activity patterns, provide considerable opportunities to overcome metabolic syndrome in adolescents. The intervention components such as cognitive aspects, action planning, and duration were identified as keys to the success of the intervention. This review provides updated information with regards to appropriate lifestyle interventions for management of metabolic syndrome in adolescents.ABSTRAK Masalah sindroma metabolik di kalangan remaja mulai menunjukkan angka yang mengkhawatirkan seiring dengan peningkatan kejadian obesitas pada kelompok populasi ini. Mengingat dampak lanjut dari sindroma metabolik terhadap peningkatan risiko penyakit degeneratif di usia dewasa, maka penanganan sindroma metabolik di usia remaja sangat perlu dipertimbangkan. Namun, penelitian terkait sindroma metabolik pada remaja masih sangat terbatas, terlebih lagi belum ada rekomendasi khusus untuk manajemen sindroma metabolik pada remaja. Kajian pustaka ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui besar masalah sindroma metabolik pada remaja dan menelaah potensi perubahan gaya hidup sebagai upaya intervensi yang tepat dalam menangani masalah sindroma metabolik pada remaja. Kajian secara naratif dilakukan terhadap sejumlah artikel penelitian maupun artikel kajian pustaka yang terbit dalam sepuluh tahun terakhir. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa intervensi yang mentargetkan perubahan gaya hidup seperti perubahan pola makan dan perubahan pola aktifitas fisik, memberikan peluang cukup besar dalam mengatasi sindroma metabolik pada remaja. Komponen-komponen intervensi seperti aspek kognitif, perencanaan tindakan, dan durasi menjadi kunci keberhasilan intervensi. Diharapkan hasil dari kajian pustaka ini dapat memberikan informasi terkini tentang model intervensi perubahan gaya hidup sebagai upaya manajemen sindrom metabolik pada remaja. Keywords: sindroma metabolik, remaja, gaya hidup, pola makan, aktifitas fisik

BERAT DAN TINGGI BADAN ORANG TUA DENGAN STATUS GIZI BALITA DI KABUPATEN ACEH BESAR Ampera Miko; Agus Hendra Al-Rahmad
GIZI INDONESIA Vol 40, No 1 (2017): Maret 2017
Publisher : PERSATUAN AHLI GIZI INDONESIA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36457/gizindo.v40i1.222

The nutrition status of population in the district of Aceh was considered as a public health problem. The malnutrition of under five year children such as wasting, stunting and underweight has brought a negative impact on the health of the community. Malnutrition was –among other factors - influenced by family characteristic such as weight and height of the parents. The study was conducted in Aceh Besar. It used cross-sectional design with the sample of 300 households with child aged under five years old . The research used secondary and primary data of PSG Aceh 2015. Data was obtained through documentation study and processed through data editing, coding, transferring and tabulating. The data was analyzed by univariate and bivariate using chi-square test. The result has shown that there were relationship between height and weight of the parents with nutritional status of the children using indicators of WFH and HFA (p0,05). However, it was not true for the mother’s weight (p0,05). Weight and height of the fathers shown the relationship (p0,05) with nutritional status (WFA) of the children, but not for the mother's weight and height (p0,05). In conclusion, the acute and chronic nutritional problems in the district of Aceh Besar were influenced by anthropometric status of the parents, especially the weight and height of the father. It was recommended that improvement of nutritional problems should be done through a direct approach such as growth monitoring, counseling on exclusive breastfeeding, providing of vitamin A and intensified efforts on changing of clean and healthy behavior.ABSTRAK Kabupaten Aceh mempunyai permasalahan kesehatan berdasarkan situasi status gizi. Balita mengalami malnutirisi seperti wasting, stunting dan underweight yang berdampak terhadap masalah kesehatan. Malnutrisi terjadi akibat keadaan gizi mapun faktor keturunan dari orang tua. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengukur hubungan berat badan dan tinggi badan orang tua dengan status gizi balita. Penelitian berdesain potong-lintang, dilakukan di Aceh Besar dengan sampel rumah tangga yang mempunyai balita sebanyak 300 RT. Penelitian menggunakan data sekunder hasil PSG Aceh 2015, diperoleh melalui studi dokumentasi/observasi dan diolah mulai tahapan editing, coding, transfering sampai tabulating. Analisis data univariat dan bivariat menggunakan uji Chi-Square. Hasil penelitian, terdapat hubungan berat dan tinggi badan orang tua dengan status gizi balita berdasarkan indikator BB/TB dan TB/U (p 0,05), tetapi tidak untuk berat badan ibu. Berat dan tinggi badan kepala keluarga menunjukkan hubungan (p 0,05) dengan status gizi balita (BB/U), tetapi berat dan tinggi badan ibu tidak menunjukkan hubungannya). Kesimpulan, tingginya masalah gizi kronis dan akut di Kabupaten Aceh Besar merupakan akibat berat dan tinggi badan orang tua yang berperan dalam besarnya prevalensi gizi terutama berat dan tinggi badan kepala keluarga. Saran, perbaikan masalah gizi dapat dilakukan melalui pendekatan secara langsung yaitu pemantauan pertumbuhan, penyuluhan tentang ASI eksklusif dan Vitamin A serta MP-ASI serta upaya terhadap perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat (PHBS). Kata kunci: status gizi, balita, berat dan tinggi badan orang tu

HUBUNGAN PERUBAHAN STANDAR PORSI MAKAN DENGAN SISA MAKANAN PASIEN RUMAH SAKIT HOLISTIK TAHUN 2016 (STUDI SISA NASI PADA MENU MAKAN SIANG DIET HOLISTIK) Fatkhurohman Fatkhurohman; Yanesti Nuravianda Lestari; Dian Titis Torina
GIZI INDONESIA Vol 40, No 1 (2017): Maret 2017
Publisher : PERSATUAN AHLI GIZI INDONESIA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36457/gizindo.v40i1.218

The high food waste in a hospital showed the quality of food service was not optimal. The Holistic Hospital of Purwakarta that used small, medium, and lage portion standards in its food service faced some problems regarding high food waste. This study aimed to find out the effect of meal’s portion standard changes on the food waste in Holistic Hospital patients. Pre-experimental study using one group pre-post test design was done on 29 patients using convenient sampling technique.The changing of meal’s portion was done for rice from medium portion (150 g) to small (0.5 or 0.25 portion). Measurement of food waste used weighing method. Data analysis used Wilcoxon test continued with Kendall-Tau correlation test. The results showed that 65.5 percent of patients were aged around 42-68 years old receiving positive diet and 34.5 percent were non-positive diets. At the beginning of diet, the food waste of rice of all patients was high (27.4-64.9% waste of rice) and it was significantly decreased after small portion was given, even though there were still 27.6 percent of patients with 20 percent waste of rice. There was a significant influence between the change in diet portion of patients toward food waste of rice (r=0.804; p0.05). It was concluded that the changes in diet portion of patients were able to reduce the food waste.ABSTRAK Tingginya sisa makanan pasien di Rumah Sakit menunjukkan kualitas penyelenggaraan makanan yang belum optimal. Rumah Sakit Holistic Purwakarta yang menggunakan standar porsi small, medium, dan large dalam penyelenggaraan makanan masih mengalami kendala berupa tingginya sisa makanan pasien. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh perubahan standar porsi terhadap sisa makanan pasien di Rumah Sakit Holistic Purwakarta. Penelitian pre-eksperimen dengan one group pre-post test design ini dilakukan pada 29 orang pasien dengan teknik convenient sampling. Perubahan porsi makanan dilakukan pada nasi putih dari porsi medium (150 g) menjadi small (0,5 porsi atau 0,25 porsi). Pengukuran sisa makanan menggunakan metode penimbangan. Analisis data menggunakan uji Chi-Square dan uji Wilcoxon yang dilanjutkan uji korelasi Kendall-Tau. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebanyak 65,5 persen pasien berusia 42-68 tahun menerima diet positif dan 34,5 persen menerima diet non-positif. Sisa porsi nasi di awal pemberian diet pada seluruh pasien masih tinggi (27,4-64,9% sisa nasi) dan menurun secara signifikan setelah porsi nasi diberikan dalam porsi small (p0,05) meskipun masih terdapat 27,6 persen pasien dengan sisa nasi 20 persen. Terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan antara perubahan porsi diet pasien terhadap sisa nasi (r=0,804; p0,05). Dapat disimpulkan bahwa perubahan porsi nasi pada diet pasien mampu menurunkan sisa makanan. Kata kunci: standar porsi, sisa makanan

DETERMINAN OBESITAS PADA WANITA PASCA MENOPAUSE DI KOTA BOGOR TAHUN 2014 Riyadina, Woro; Kodim, Nasrin; Madanijah, Siti
GIZI INDONESIA Vol 40, No 1 (2017): Maret 2017
Publisher : PERSATUAN AHLI GIZI INDONESIA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36457/gizindo.v40i1.226

In Indonesia, the trends of the prevalence of obesity is incresing from year to year, especially in the group of postmenopausal women. Further analysis purposes determine the primary determinant of obesity in postmenopausal women in the city of Bogor A number of samples analyzed 888 postmenopausal women from subset data of research "Risk Factors Cohort Study of Non-communicable Diseases" follow-up of 2 years (2011-2013 and 2012-2014). Data were collected by interview, measurement and examination in 5 villages in the city of Bogor. Obesity is determined based on BMI ≥25. Determinant included demographic, health status and risk behavior. Data were analyzed with multiple logistic regression. The prevalence of obesity in postmenopausal women 57.2 percent. The main determinant of obesity are sufficient levels of carbohydrate aOR 4.6 (95% CI 2.55 to 8.23) than less. Other factors include abnormal hypertriglyceride aOR 3.2 (95% CI 1,85- 4.93) than normal levels, less physical activity aOR 1.6 (95% CI 1.08 to 2.38) than enough activities, the adequacy of excessive protein and family history of obesity with aOR 0.23 (95% CI 0.15 to 0.36) and aOR 0.42 (95% CI 0.28 to 0.61), respectively. Lifestyle modification by limiting carbohydrate intake, walking every day and aerobic exercise at least 1 times a week for one hour and monitor blood triglyceride levels are expected to prevent obesity and decrease overweight. ABSTRAK Di Indonesia, kecenderungan prevalensi obesitas meningkat dari tahun ke tahun, terutama pada kelompok perempuan pasca-menopause. Tujuan analisis lanjut untuk menentukan determinan utama obesitas pada perempuan pasca-menopause di Kota Bogor. Analisis lanjut pada 888 perempuan pasca-menopause yang merupakan subset data penelitian “Studi Kohor Faktor Risiko Penyakit Tidak Menular” follow-up 2 tahun (2011-2013 dan 2012-2014). Data dikumpulkan dengan metode wawancara, pengukuran dan pemeriksaan di 5 kelurahan Kota Bogor tahun 2011– 2014. Obesitas berdasarkan IMT ≥25. Determinan meliputi faktor demografi, status kesehatan dan perilaku berisiko. Data dianalisis dengan uji regresi logistik ganda. Prevalensi obesitas pada perempuan pasca-menopause 57,2 persen. Determinan utama obesitas adalah tingkat kecukupan karbohidrat berlebih aOR 4,6 (95% CI 2,55 – 8,23) dibandingkan kurang. Determinan lain meliputi trigliserida abnormal aOR 3,2 (95% CI 1,85– 4,93) dibandingkan normal, aktivitas fisik kurang aOR 1,6 (95% CI 1,08 – 2,38) dibandingkan aktivitas cukup, tingkat kecukupan protein berlebih dan riwayat keluarga obesitas masing-masing aOR 0,23 (95% CI 0,15 – 0,36) dan aOR 0,42 (95% CI 0,28 – 0,61). Modifikasi gaya-hidup melalui pembatasan asupan karbohidrat, jalan kaki setiap hari dan senam aerobik minimal 1 kali seminggu selama 1 jam serta memantau kadar trigliserida darah diharapkan mencegah dan menurunkan kegemukan. Kata kunci: determinan, obesitas, pasca-menopause

Front matter 40(1) sudikno, sudikno
GIZI INDONESIA Vol 40, No 1 (2017): Maret 2017
Publisher : PERSATUAN AHLI GIZI INDONESIA

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BERAT DAN TINGGI BADAN ORANG TUA DENGAN STATUS GIZI BALITA DI KABUPATEN ACEH BESAR Miko, Ampera; Al-Rahmad, Agus Hendra
GIZI INDONESIA Vol 40, No 1 (2017): Maret 2017
Publisher : PERSATUAN AHLI GIZI INDONESIA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (255.659 KB)

The nutritional status condition in Aceh district was opaque. According to some sources, the malnutrition of children under five years such as wasting, stunting, underweight and this problem has brought bad impact to the health problem. The problem of malnutrition is a cause of family characteristic and anthropometry factors of parents. The study design used was cross-sectional design conducted in Aceh Besar with a sample of households who have children. The research is using secondary and primary data PSG Aceh 2015, obtained through documentation study and processed. In the research result, there are height and weight relationships of parents with infant nutritional status based on indicators WFH and HFA (p<0,05), but not in maternal weight (p>0,05). Weight and height of the father shows the relationship (p<0,05) with nutritional status (WFA), but the mother's weight and height showed not to relationship (p>0,05). The conclusion, the high acute and chronic nutritional problems at Aceh Besar district is the result of factors anthropometric parents who role in the amount of malnutrition especially the weight and height of a father. Suggestion, the stakeholders can improve the condition of the economy and education to stem the problem of other nutrients found in the area of Aceh Besar.

HUBUNGAN PERUBAHAN STANDAR PORSI MAKAN DENGAN SISA MAKANAN PASIEN RUMAH SAKIT HOLISTIK TAHUN 2016 (STUDI SISA NASI PADA MENU MAKAN SIANG DIET HOLISTIK) Fatkhurohman, Fatkhurohman; Lestari, Yanesti Nuravianda; Torina, Dian Titis
GIZI INDONESIA Vol 40, No 1 (2017): Maret 2017
Publisher : PERSATUAN AHLI GIZI INDONESIA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (327.851 KB)

The high of plate waste in hospital showed the quality of food service that was not optimal. Purwakarta Holistic Hospital used small, medium, and lage portion standard in its food service still have problem such as the high of plate waste. The aim of this study was to understand the effect of meal’s portion standard changing on the plate waste of Holistic Hospital patients. Pre-experimental study using one group pre-post test design was done to 29 patients using convenient sampling technique.The changing of meal’s portion was done for rice from medium portion (150 g) to small (0.5 or 0.25 portion). Measurement of plate waste used weighing method. Data analysis used Wilcoxon test continued with Kendall-Tau correlation test. The results show that 65.5% of patients are 42-68 years old receiving positive diet and 34.5% are non-positive diets. At the beginning of diet, the plate waste of rice of all patients still high (27.4-64.9% waste of rice) and it significantly decrease after given in small portion, even though there are still 27.6% of patients with > 20% waste of rice. There are significant influence between the change in diet portion of patiens toward plate waste of rice (r=0.804; p<0.05). It can be concluded that the fewer portion are given to the patient’s, then plate waste will be getting smaller.

DETERMINAN OBESITAS PADA WANITA PASCA MENOPAUSE DI KOTA BOGOR TAHUN 2014 Riyadina, Woro; Kodim, Nasrin; Madanijah, Siti
GIZI INDONESIA Vol 40, No 1 (2017): Maret 2017
Publisher : PERSATUAN AHLI GIZI INDONESIA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (212.05 KB)

In Indonesia, the trends of the prevalence of obesity is incresing from year to year, especially in the group of postmenopausal women. Further analysis purposes determine the primary determinant of obesity in postmenopausal women in the city of Bogor A number of samples analyzed 888 postmenopausal women from subset data of research "Risk Factors Cohort Study of Non-communicable Diseases" follow-up of 2 years (2011-2013 and 2012-2014). Data were collected by interview, measurement and examination in 5 villages in the city of Bogor. Obesity is determined based on BMI ≥25. Determinant included demographic, health status and risk behavior. Data were analyzed with multiple logistic regression. The prevalence of obesity in postmenopausal women 57.2 percent. The main determinant of obesity are sufficient levels of carbohydrate aOR 4.6 (95% CI 2.55 to 8.23) than less. Other factors include abnormal hypertriglyceride aOR 3.2 (95% CI 1,85- 4.93) than normal levels, less physical activity aOR 1.6 (95% CI 1.08 to 2.38) than enough activities, the adequacy of excessive protein and family history of obesity with aOR 0.23 (95% CI 0.15 to 0.36) and aOR 0.42 (95% CI 0.28 to 0.61), respectively. Lifestyle modification by limiting carbohydrate intake, walking every day and aerobic exercise at least 1 times a week for one hour and monitor blood triglyceride levels are expected to prevent obesity and decrease overweight. ABSTRAK Di Indonesia, kecenderungan prevalensi obesitas meningkat dari tahun ke tahun, terutama pada kelompok perempuan pasca-menopause. Tujuan analisis lanjut untuk menentukan determinan utama obesitas pada perempuan pasca-menopause di Kota Bogor. Analisis lanjut pada 888 perempuan pasca-menopause yang merupakan subset data penelitian “Studi Kohor Faktor Risiko Penyakit Tidak Menular” follow-up 2 tahun (2011-2013 dan 2012-2014). Data dikumpulkan dengan metode wawancara, pengukuran dan pemeriksaan di 5 kelurahan Kota Bogor tahun 2011– 2014. Obesitas berdasarkan IMT ≥25. Determinan meliputi faktor demografi, status kesehatan dan perilaku berisiko. Data dianalisis dengan uji regresi logistik ganda. Prevalensi obesitas pada perempuan pasca-menopause 57,2 persen. Determinan utama obesitas adalah tingkat kecukupan karbohidrat berlebih aOR 4,6 (95% CI 2,55 – 8,23) dibandingkan kurang. Determinan lain meliputi trigliserida abnormal aOR 3,2 (95% CI 1,85– 4,93) dibandingkan normal, aktivitas fisik kurang aOR 1,6 (95% CI 1,08 – 2,38) dibandingkan aktivitas cukup, tingkat kecukupan protein berlebih dan riwayat keluarga obesitas masing-masing aOR 0,23 (95% CI 0,15 – 0,36) dan aOR 0,42 (95% CI 0,28 – 0,61). Modifikasi gaya-hidup melalui pembatasan asupan karbohidrat, jalan kaki setiap hari dan senam aerobik minimal 1 kali seminggu selama 1 jam serta memantau kadar trigliserida darah diharapkan mencegah dan menurunkan kegemukan. Kata kunci: determinan, obesitas, pasca-menopause

Back matter 40(1) sudikno, sudikno
GIZI INDONESIA Vol 40, No 1 (2017): Maret 2017
Publisher : PERSATUAN AHLI GIZI INDONESIA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (206.013 KB)

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