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INDONESIA
Journal of Fiqh and Usul
Published by Ferdowsi University of Mashhad Press
ISSN : -     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Social,
Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice
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Articles 303 Documents
 18   19   20   21   22 
A jurisprudential and legal research into the oath of knowledge denial مافی, دکتر همایون; رضایی مقدم, رضا
فقه و اصول سال. Û´Û·, شماره. Û´: شماره پیاپی Û±Ã
Publisher : انتشارات دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22067/fiqh.v47i23.33363

Abstract

Among the topics discussed in books of jurisprudence is denial of knowledge, which is considered as a subdivision of taking oath based on issue. Regardless of the originality of oath on denying knowledge, substantial disagreement is discernible in jurisprudence as regards the establishment of legal provisions on this type oath-taking, very few of which opinions have influenced jurists in this field. In cases where the subject of dispute is an issue attributed to others or includes external features - knowledge of which is difficult for ordinary people - and in the inaccessibility to reasons, the claimant can only take the defendant under oath when he has claimed knowledge in that relation. By taking the oath of knowledge denial, the defendant will also be exempted from taking a strong (batti) oath on denying the right of the claimant; therefore, it can be said that a knowledge denial oath is essentially responsive by nature and uttered by the defendant in response to claims of knowledge.
A comparative study of the similarities and differences between ‘assisting’ and ‘causing’ within two rules: the prohibition of ‘assistance with sins’ and ‘causation’ آهنگری, احسان; مهدوی, اصغر آقا
فقه و اصول سال. Û´Û·, شماره. Û´: شماره پیاپی Û±Ã
Publisher : انتشارات دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22067/fiqh.v47i23.34296

Abstract

Assistance with sins’ and ‘causation’ are two important jurisprudential rules with crucial implications. ‘Assisting’ and ‘causing’ as derived from those rules have a lot in common. At the same time, what their differences are seems to be an important issue. The subtle differences between the two sometimes lead to confused identifications and examples of each might be mistaken with the other. We have examined the differences between the two within five areas. These are as follows: discussion of centrality or non-centrality of each, sobriety of the assistant as condition or non-condition, intention as a condition for the truth of the two issues, inclusion of the two rules in the context of abandonment or non-abandonment (continuity), and expression of obligatory and situational rulings on ‘assisting’ and ‘causing.’
The Common Foundations of Principles of Jurisprudence and Classical Hermeneutics in Text Comprehension آزاد, علیرضا; آزاد, تکتم; لعل روشن, فاطمه
فقه و اصول سال. Û´Û¸, شماره. Û²: شماره پیاپی Û±Ã
Publisher : انتشارات دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22067/fiqh.v48i25.34533

Abstract

One of the important issues in the humanities in general and in religious studies in particular is the comprehension of the meaning of the text. Dealing with the theoretical bases of interpretation and comprehension of the text, hermeneutics is a branch of the humanities which fully serves this objective. The same objective is likewise followed in the study of the principles of jurisprudence (usūl-i fiqh) whose function is the inference of religious precepts from the existing religious texts and resources. Dealing with the words and terms in these resources, the scholars of principles of jurisprudence are thus obliged to discover the rules for text comprehension. Concerning the common grounds shared between hermeneutics and the principles of jurisprudence, the conduction of a comparative study seems necessary for the better understanding of definite principles and standards of text comprehension in light of the common foundations of the two disciplines. Since among all branches of hermeneutics the classical hermeneutics has the closest affinity to principles of jurisprudence, the present descriptive analytical study, applying library data and textual references, investigates the common foundations shared between the two disciplines of classical hermeneutics and principles of jurisprudence and describes the following six common foundations: 1.The centrality of the author 2.Normalism 3.Objectivism and meaning determination 4.The possibility of surpassing the historical obstacles of comprehension (the principle of non-transference of meaning) (isālat-i ‘adam-i naql) 5.Following the common rules of comprehension 6.prevention of the influence of the presuppositions.
A Research on the Nature of Mutual Cursing کلانتری خلیل آباد, عباس; رضایی زارچی, فاطمه; رضایی زارچی, الهام
فقه و اصول سال. Û´Û¹, شماره. Û²: شماره پیاپی Û±Ã
Publisher : انتشارات دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22067/fiqh.v0i0.34598

Abstract

Mutual cursing (li‘ān) is used in special wording and condition in the presence of a judge in case of man’s claim of the woman’s adultery or in case of rejecting paternity of the child by the husband; in that case the punishment of false accusation of unchastity (qadhf) and adultery (zinā) are removed respectively from the man and the woman; and the wife and the husband become unlawful (haram) to one another and would not inherit from each other for ever, etc. Jurists are divided upon the nature of li‘ān. Some have considered it to be attestation, some oath, and some a combination of oath and attestation, and each have come up with evidences for their claim. After examining the evidences of each of the three groups given the differences of oath and attestation with li‘ān and given the specific outcomes resulting from li‘ān, this article concludes that li‘ān is none of the above-mentioned instances; rather, the Exalted God, in case of the husband’s claim as to his wife’s adultery, has devised a method under the rubric of li‘ān for eliminating punishment of qadhf from him, which gives rise to special rulings and results. Similarly, rejection of paternity has its special rulings and results. In one respect, li‘ān is an independent event and it is not necessary to be one of oath or attestation or a combination of both so as to say it should have their rulings and results.
A comparative study of legislation in the views of ‘Sheikh Fazlollah Nouri’ and ‘Mirza Mohammad Hussein Naini’ ابوالقاسمی دهاقانی, نرجس; ورعی, سیدجواد
فقه و اصول سال. Û´Û·, شماره. Û´: شماره پیاپی Û±Ã
Publisher : انتشارات دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22067/fiqh.v47i23.34612

Abstract

Legislation was one of the concepts and issues of intense debate among different political and religious currents in the Persian Constitutional Era In accordance with the definitions each of these streams of thought provided for legislation and its scope in Islam, various positions were held against the Constitutional Movement having law and legislation as part of its main principles. In this article, the views of Sheikh Fazlollah Nouri and Mirza Mohammad Hussein Naini as representatives of two important currents that were at odds with each other are discussed. And in response to the question of permissibility and non-permissibility of legislation and its territory in the views of these two scholars of the Constitutional Era, a number of issues are mentioned as the reasons for the variety of opinions. These issues include difference of opinions in the range of human legislation, being minimum or maximum (the conventional and the non-authoritative), jurisprudential differences in different understandings of religious texts (different understandings of the political system during the Ghaybah or the Occultation), differences in principles and the methodology of using evidences to infer rules, difference in perspectives towards man and religion. As a result, both views acknowledge the possibility of legislation for human society, where this legislation is based on canonical reasons and fulfilled through Ijtihad of ‘sovereign ruler’ or ‘the National Assembly’ in an identifiable territory and under certain terms and conditions (not being incompatible with Islam or being consistent with Islam).
An Exploration into the Qur’anic Evidence of the Legal Ruling on the Alteration of Allah’s Creation in Newly-emerged Medical Issues صباغی ندوشن, مریم; سلطانی, عباسعلی
فقه و اصول سال. Û´Û¹, شماره. Û±: شماره پیاپی Û±Ã
Publisher : انتشارات دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22067/fiqh.v0i0.34676

Abstract

The occurrence of newly-emerged and unprecedented phenomena in various medical fields raises questions as to their legality or illegality. Despite the fact that one of the most important evidences of the jurists in this regard is the verse on alteration of creation, which because of absolute disapproval provides initial ground for unlawfulness, some, however, by modifying the absoluteness of the verse have dedicated the alteration of the unlawful to the legislative alterations; and as a result have believed in lawfulness because of withdrawal of creational alterations from the referent of the verse, whereas there is no reason for withdrawal of creational alterations from the referent of the verse. In contrast, many of the Sunnī jurists have generally issued legal decisions to the unlawfulness of such phenomena, resulting from lack of accurate conception of the subject and untrue impression about the concept of alteration of creation; whereas it is possible to approve lawfulness while preserving the absoluteness. With the descriptive-analytical method and using interpretations and traditions and with the aim of accurate recognition of one of the key concepts of the Qur’an, the above research intends to analyze and examine the subject (muta‘allaq) of the unlawfulness mentioned in the verse by avoiding going on any extremes and, as far as possible, through preserving the verse’s designative manifestation, so that by determining the yardstick of prohibition (taḥrīm), the instances lacking proof would be excluded from the referent of the verse. Because, despite the absoluteness of the verse, the subject of prohibition is not alteration “in its own right”; rather, it is alteration of “Allah’s creation” due to its attribution to Allah in terms of issuance aspect. And since the action issued by Allah consists of the feature of perfection seeking and prudence and contains beauty, or rather the most beauteous, thus any alteration opposing the above features is forbidden and the rest are out of prohibition criterion.
An Analysis of the Role of Assent in Commitment Bequest غلامی, ملیحه; سلطانی, عباسعلی; ناصری مقدم, حسین
فقه و اصول سال. Û´Û¹, شماره. Û²: شماره پیاپی Û±Ã
Publisher : انتشارات دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22067/fiqh.v0i0.34984

Abstract

One of the challenges of civil jurisprudence is the nature of executorship of the will (commitment bequest = waṣiyyat ‘ahdiyya) and the issue of assent (qabūl) in it. The renowned majority of Imāmī jurists believe that assent is not a precondition in commitment bequest. Article 834 of civil law has also approved this view. Although in agreement with the renowned majority of Imāmī jurists, this article contradicts a number of indisputable legal and judicial rules such as the principle of sovereignty and free will, necessity of assent in contracts, denial of loss, and distress and constriction. On the other hand, it is also impossible to ignore the bequeather’s (muwassī) offer (ījāb) since the bequest would be left undecided and bring loss to him/her. Besides the generally accepted view, there are other views in this issue, including that after the death of the bequeather, if the executor (wasyy) has not accepted the execution of the will, he is entitled to reject or when the son is the executor of the father or if the execution of the will (wiṣāya) is not possible by anyone else except the executor himself, he should accept the execution of the will. After refutation and confirmation of the viewpoints, this writing would accept ‘Allāma Ḥillī’s view with a slight difference as follows: the bequeather is legally and lawfully obliged to inform the executor of his object of bequest and to secure his assent before his (the bequeather’s) death; in this case, no injustice is done neither to the bequeather nor the executor and the contradiction of the two principles of “no harm” would be eliminated.
A Reappraisal of Shī‘a Jurists’ Referring to the Verses of the Holy Qur’an as Evidence for the Ruling on Marriage to People of the Scripture محبوبی, سید نصراله
فقه و اصول سال. Û´Û¹, شماره. Û²: شماره پیاپی Û±Ã
Publisher : انتشارات دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22067/fiqh.v0i0.35579

Abstract

After mentioning different views on marriage of a Muslim man to a Christian or Jewish woman, this article has addressed as to which of these views are correct from the perspective of the Holy Qur’an. To this end, first the verses in which the prohibition of marriage to the women from among the People of the Scripture is referred to are brought up and the denotation of these verses to the subject are examined; and then, the verses contradicting this denotation are examined; and finally it has been summed up that one of the most important points studied is the inclusiveness of the word idolaters in verse 221 of Sūrat al-Baqara to the People of the Scripture, as, given this inclusiveness, which according to the explanations mentioned in the text, the outcome of the research is against it, the contradiction of the two verses 221 of Sūrat al-Baqara and verse 10 of Sūrat al-Mumtaḥana with the verse 5 of Sūrat al-Mā’ida has been studied and concluded that the verse 5 of Sūrat al-Mā’ida has not been abrogated and the generally accepted view on this topic has been critically reviewed in bringing up the issue.
A Contemplation on the Prohibition of the Marriage of a Muslim Man to an Unbelieving Woman of No Book کلانتری, علی اکبر
فقه و اصول سال. Û´Û¸, شماره. Û²: شماره پیاپی Û±Ã
Publisher : انتشارات دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22067/fiqh.v48i25.35991

Abstract

According to the famous or, better said, the unanimous judicial decree (fatwa) of the Muslim jurists, the marriage of a Muslim man to an unbelieving woman who adheres to any faith other than those of the People of the Book (ahl al-kitāb) is prohibited. Although this judicial decree is based on definite evidences such as certain verses of the Qur’an, consensus of the jurists, and a number of traditional narratives, it seems the women meant by these sources are those who believe in infidelity (kufr) and polytheism (shirk) and consider themselves as devotees to pagan and profane cults. Thus this judicial decree leaves out those many women who are not familiarized with Islam and other [Abrahamic] religions and have no animosity toward the True Religion, and as described by traditional narratives, are considered helpless (mustaḍ‘af). Therefore, at least in cases of distress and constriction, one can identify the marriage of a Muslim man to such a woman, and also the subsistence of the marriage of a newly converted Muslim man to his wife, as permissible.
نقد حجیت ادله حرمان زوجین از حق قصاص در آرای فقهی و قوانین موضوعه اله مرادی, ام البنین
فقه و اصول سال. Û´Û¹, شماره. Û±: شماره پیاپی Û±Ã
Publisher : انتشارات دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22067/fiqh.v0i0.36233

Abstract

حق قصاص با ورثه متوفی است؛ یعنی کسانی که وارث قانونی مقتول محسوب می‌شوند اصل این است که: «هر کس از اموال متوفی ارث می‌برد، از حق قصاص هم ارث می‌برد.» با وجود این بر اصل فوق استثنایی وارد شده و آن اینکه زوج و زوجه از قصاص ارث نمی‌برند. ماده (351) قانون مجازات اسلامی مصوب 1392 نیز بر این مطلب دلالت دارد. عمده دلیلی که بر این مطلب ذکر شده اجماع فقها است، در این مقاله بر آنیم با بررسی این دلیل و دلایل دیگر که در این زمینه وارد شده، به اثبات این امر بپردازیم که این دلایل برای محرومیت زوجین از حق قصاص و استثناء زوجین از اصل مذکور کفایت نمی‌کنند، بلکه باید در مورد زوجین نیز مثل سایر ورثه قائل شد به اینکه، آن‌ها نیز حق استیفای قصاص را دارند.

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