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Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 26139456     EISSN : 25992570     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture publishes original articles, review articles, case studies and short communications on the fundamentals, applications and management of Sustainable Agriculture areas in collaboration with Indonesian Agrotechnology / Agroecotechnology Association (PAGI), Asia Pacific Network for Sustainable Agriculture, Food and Energy (SAFE-Network), and Indonesian Agricultural Higher Education Communication Forum (FKPTPI). This journal has two issues in a year and it will be published in April and October.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 100 Documents
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Media Manipulation to Enhance In Vitro Pitcher Formation in Nepenthes mirabilis (Lour.) Druce for Microfloriculture Development Sugiyono, Sugiyono; Tyas, Anindya Puspaning; Indikasuri, Dea Yuniar; Lestari, Sri; Davison, Paul A; Prasetyo, Rendie
Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture Vol 40, No 3 (2025): July
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/carakatani.v40i3.101139

Abstract

Microfloriculture refers to souvenirs and Living Room Ornaments made from the in vitro cultured ornamental plants, which are innovative, unique, environmentally friendly, and can be produced across the year. In vitro pitcher-forming Nepenthes mirabilis will increase the attractiveness and market value of microfloriculture products. Two experiments have been carried out to stimulate in vitro pitcher formation in N. mirabilis using a completely randomized design (CRD) of a two-factorial treatment pattern with three replicates. The first experiment tested different Murashige and Skoog (MS) media formulations (full-strength, 3/4MS, 1/2MS, and 1/4MS) and phytagel concentrations (0, 2.5, 3.5, and 4.5 g l-1). The same media formulations and 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP) concentrations (0, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 μM) were tested in the second experiment. The results showed that the explants cultured on 1/4MS media produced the greatest number of shoots (3.83-8.25) and leaves (26.17-26.75), the earliest pitcher formation (27.75±2.06 days), the highest number of pitchers (6.50±2.65), and pitcher-forming leaves (23.30±5.10%). Liquid media enhanced leaves (28.33±4.97) and pitchers (6.42±3.36) formation as well as pitcher-forming leaves percentage (21.37±8.01%). A 1/4MS supplemented with 0.5 μM BAP maximized pitcher-forming leaves (21.08±7.78%) and pitcher number (5.67±2.52). Adding 1.5 μM BAP on 1/4MS media produced the highest number of leaves (38.67±5.69). Full-strength MS produced the lowest number of shoots, leaves, pitchers, and pitcher-forming leaves. This study developed an affordable and effective method to improve in vitro pitcher development in N. mirabilis, highlighting how nutrient levels and BAP concentration influence pitcher formation, which aids in optimizing culture techniques for ornamental carnivorous plants.
Impact of Chitosan and Folic Acid on Growth, Leaf Qualities, and Antioxidant Compounds of Purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) Sachet, Thamena Farhan Kazem; Al-Mohammad, Maher Hameed
Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture Vol 40, No 4 (2025): October
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/carakatani.v40i4.107469

Abstract

Purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) is a nutrient-rich leafy vegetable valued for its nutritional and medicinal properties. Improving its quality and bioactive compounds through eco-friendly inputs is essential for sustainable production. This study evaluated the effects of foliar-applied chitosan and folic acid on growth, leaf quality, and antioxidant compounds of purslane. A field experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with chitosan (0, 50, and 100 mg l⁻¹) and folic acid (0, 25, and 50 mg l⁻¹), applied singly or in combination. The combined treatment of 100 mg l⁻¹ chitosan and 50 mg l⁻¹ folic acid was the most effective, producing plant height of 36.7 cm, leaf area of 17.8 cm², and 92 leaves plant⁻¹, representing 27 to 30% increases over the control. Fresh weight reached 91.2 g plant⁻¹, a 26% improvement. Leaf quality improved as total chlorophyll (33.2 mg 100 g⁻¹ FW) and carotenoids (5.46 mg 100 g⁻¹ FW) rose by 13% and 10%, respectively. Antioxidant levels were also enhanced: phenols (41.12 mg GAE g⁻¹ DW), flavonoids (15.91 mg RE g⁻¹ DW), tannins (20.11 mg TAE g⁻¹ DW), saponins (40.65 mg g⁻¹ DW), and ascorbic acid (55.82 mg 100 g⁻¹ FW), with 8 to 22% increases over single treatments and 12 to 31% over the control. DPPH radical scavenging activity reached 77.32%, 54% higher than the control (50.11%) and greater than single applications of chitosan (62.33%) or folic acid (69.58%), confirming a synergistic effect. These results suggest that chitosan and folic acid can serve as cost-effective and eco-friendly biostimulants to enhance purslane production and nutritional value under sustainable agriculture.
Effects of Combined 2,4-D and BAP Treatments on the Formation of Leaf-Derived Callus in Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth. Puspaningtyas, Ira; Mukholifah, Umi; Fania, Maitsa Adzro; Pratiwi, Desita Amalia; Asmara, Reva Firstasa; Alfatikhatunnisa, Maulida; Jadid, Nurul
Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture Vol 40, No 2 (2025): April
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/carakatani.v40i2.97331

Abstract

Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth., a key source of patchouli oil (2.5 to 5% content), is widely used in the perfume and cosmetic industries but faces propagation challenges due to its time-consuming nature and susceptibility to pathogens. To overcome these limitations, in vitro techniques have been adopted to produce healthy and uniform seedlings efficiently. This study evaluated the effects of varying concentrations of 2,4-D (0 to 1.5 mg l-1) and BAP (0 to 1.5 mg l-1) on the in vitro induction of patchouli calli using axenic leaf explants cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium for 60 days. Growth parameters assessed included callus emergence time, morphological traits (texture and color), callogenesis percentage, organogenesis, and fresh callus weight. The results indicated that the combination of 2,4-D and BAP significantly influenced callogenesis, organogenesis, and callus morphology. The optimal combination (A0B3: 2,4-D 0 mg l-1 + BAP 1.5 mg l-1) achieved 100% callogenesis and organogenesis, with an average callus fresh weight of 0.25 g and an initiation time of 40.5 days. Calli exhibited a crumbly texture with a yellowish-white color, highlighting the role of auxin and cytokinin interactions in patchouli callus induction. These findings provide a foundation for scaling up in vitro patchouli oil production.
Morpho-Agronomic Characterization and Yield Evaluation of Doubled Haploid Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) Lines Derived from Anther Culture Rizkiya, Reynatha Syafira; Purwoko, Bambang Sapta; Maharijaya, Awang; Dewi, Iswari Saraswati
Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture Vol 40, No 4 (2025): October
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/carakatani.v40i4.95406

Abstract

The improvement of eggplant yield through breeding is crucial. Doubled haploid technology has accelerated the development of varieties. This study utilized doubled haploid anther culture-derived lines (confirmed through flow cytometry and morphology) developed from embryos from a previous study to evaluate the morpho-agronomic performance and yield of doubled haploid eggplant lines. The experiment used a randomized complete block design (RCBD), three replications, and one factor, namely genotype (35 doubled haploid lines, three F1 varieties). Observation was made on plant height, dichotomous height, stem diameter, days to flowering and harvesting, fruit length, fruit diameter, weight per fruit, number of fruits, and fruit yield per plant. The data were analyzed using ANOVA, t-Dunnett, Tukey-Kramer at a 5% level, Pearson correlation coefficient, and selection index. The results showed significant variability in the population of doubled haploid lines. Fruit yield was positively correlated with plant height, dichotomous height, stem diameter, days to flowering, fruit length, and weight per fruit, but negatively correlated with the number of fruits per plant. These variables can be used as selection criteria because of their high heritability and genotypic coefficients of variation. The selection index revealed that the high-yielding doubled haploid lines with desirable morpho-agronomic traits were RS-P2, RS-P6, RS-P9, RS-P14, RS-P18, RS-H19, RS-H20, RS-H23, RS-H27, RS-H3, RS-M31, RS-M32, RS-M33, RS-M34, and RS-M37. The selected lines with high yield and good quality fruit, similar to the commercial hybrid parent, were Hitavi’s derived lines. All selected lines serve as the genetic basis for production improvements and long-term breeding programs for sustainable and productive eggplants that benefit farmers.
Relationship Between Leaf Nutrient Concentrations with Fruit Yield and Quality of Pummelo (Citrus maxima (Burm.) Merr.) in Nghe An Province, Vietnam Nguyen, Hien Huu; Tran, Minh Xuan; Tai, Toan Nguyen
Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture Vol 41, No 1 (2026): January
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/carakatani.v41i1.106911

Abstract

Pummelo is a high-value cash crop in Vietnam, where optimizing cultivation practices requires a profound understanding of the correlations between leaf nutrient concentrations and fruit quality.This study investigated the correlations between leaf nutrient levels and the yield and quality of the ‘Quang Tien pink’ pummelo cultivar. The research was conducted in 2024 across 25 pummelo orchards in Nghe An Province. Leaf samples were analyzed for concentrations of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Zn, Mn, Cu, and Fe. Fruit characteristics evaluated included fruit weight, circumference, peel thickness, edible portion, juice volume, juice pH, total soluble solids (TSS), titratable acidity (TA), and the TSS/TA ratio. The findings demonstrated that foliar N, P, and K concentrations were significantly and positively correlated with fruit circumference, fruit weight, juice volume, TSS, juice pH, and TA. In contrast, P and K levelswere negatively correlated with peel thickness (r = -0.639, -0.906, respectively). Leaf Ca concentration was positively correlated with peel thickness (r = 0.537) but negatively associated with fruit weight (r = -0.406) and TSS (r = -0.404). Additionally, Zn, Cu, Fe, and Mn concentrations showed significant positive correlations with TSS (r = 0.723, 0.660, 0.443, and 0.570, respectively), while Zn and Cu were negatively correlated with peel thickness (r = -0.539, -0.456, respectively). These results establish a robust scientific baseline for precision nutrient management strategies to maximize the yield and fruit quality of pummelo.
Development of an Edible Tray Composed of Potato Peel Starch and Coffee Pulp Fiber Arroyo-Villanueva, José; Muñoz-Villalobos, Gloria; Siche, Raúl; Chuquilín-Goicochea, Roberto Carlos; Quispe-Sanchez, Luz; Figueroa-Avalos, Haley; Marín-Tello, Carmen
Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture Vol 41, No 2 (2026): April
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/carakatani.v41i2.106618

Abstract

Reducing plastic pollution and combating childhood anemia–which affects over 38.6% of Peruvian children–require sustainable, nutrient-rich alternatives. This study developed iron-fortified edible trays using potato peel starch (PPS), potato peel flour (PPF), and coffee pulp fiber (CPF), an agro-industrial waste containing 44 to 57 mg kg-1 of iron. Using an experimental design with 9 treatments and a control, 2 series were conducted using coarse (CPF-CT) and thin (CPF-TT) fiber. Physical (color, water absorption, and density) and mechanical (tensile and compressive strength) properties were evaluated via analysis of variance (ANOVA), Dunnett’s test, multiple linear regression, Pareto diagram, and principal component analysis (PCA). PCA revealed a critical trade-off between mechanical strength and impermeability, identifying an “optimal packing” zone at 10% CPF-TT, where fiber efficiently fills matrix voids. Consequently, formulations with 2.5% CPF-CT and 7.5% CPF-TT were selected as the most balanced candidates. These samples underwent subsequent Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and nutritional analysis. The formulation containing 50 g PPS, 15 g PPF, and 7.5 g CPF-TT exhibited the highest iron bioaccessibility. These results demonstrate the potential of coffee pulp-reinforced trays as a promising functional packaging solution to address both environmental waste and public health challenges.
Antifungal Activity of Rice Husk-Derived Liquid Smoke: Growth Suppression of Rhizoctonia solani and Bioactive Compound Profiling Pradana, Ankardiansyah Pandu; Damayanti, Deril Indana; Adiwena, Muh; Yousif, Ahmed Ibrahim Alrashid; Putri, Diana
Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture Vol 40, No 3 (2025): July
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/carakatani.v40i3.95289

Abstract

Sheath blight poses a major challenge in rice cultivation, with current control methods relying heavily on synthetic fungicides. Environmentally sustainable alternatives, such as bioactive compounds derived from agricultural waste, offer promising potential for integrated disease management. This study investigated the antifungal efficacy of rice husk-derived liquid smoke against Rhizoctonia solani, the causal agent of rice sheath blight, and identified its active compounds using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. Liquid smoke was produced through the pyrolysis of rice husks and incorporated into potato dextrose agar at concentrations of 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, and 5% (v/v). R. solani was isolated from infected rice plants, and its pathogenicity was confirmed on rice seeds and seedlings. The in vitro antifungal activity was assessed by measuring colony diameter and calculating the percentage of mycelial growth inhibition over 7 days. The results demonstrated that liquid smoke significantly inhibited the growth of R. solani in a concentration-dependent manner (p < 0.001; exact p = 4.36 × 10-²⁴), with the 5% concentration achieving 100% inhibition. Qualitative microscopic observations revealed morphological abnormalities in fungal hyphae at higher concentrations. GC-MS analysis identified 40 bioactive compounds in the liquid smoke, including phenolic compounds and organic acids, which are known for their antimicrobial properties. The findings suggest that rice husk-derived liquid smoke possesses potent antifungal activity against R. solani due to the presence of these compounds. This study concludes that rice husk liquid smoke can serve as an effective, eco-friendly alternative to synthetic fungicides for controlling sheath blight disease in rice cultivation.
Associations and Multi-Traits Selection for Identifying Superior and Stable Maize Hybrids (Zea mays L.) Under Tropical Regions Supriadi, Dedy; Bimantara, Yusuf Mufti; Zendrato, Yuniel Melvanolo; Widaryanto, Eko; Kuswanto, Kuswanto; Waluyo, Budi
Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture Vol 41, No 1 (2026): January
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/carakatani.v41i1.107896

Abstract

The development of maize hybrids that combine desirable agronomic traits and grain yield could enhance the likelihood of adopting new superior cultivars. Breeding programs that use specific selection criteria aim to produce high-yielding and stable hybrids with good agronomic performance. The study aimed to determine the superior and stable tropical maize hybrids using simultaneous selection based on trait associations. Ten maize hybrids were evaluated across 10 different environments in tropical regions using a randomized complete block design with 3 replications. Genotype, environment, and genotype-by-environment interactions exhibited statistically significant effects on all observed traits, indicating the differential genetic responses among hybrids across environments. Grain yield is significantly associated with agronomic traits and yield components, thus rendering it a suitable selection criterion for identifying superior genotypes. The heritability of each trait was high, along with selection gains, indicating good prospects for selection. Identifying genotypes using multiple traits can be effective for selecting the best genotype based on the selection criteria under multiple environments. H07, H04, and H05 were identified as superior and stable hybrids based on the multi-trait genotype-ideotype distance index (MGIDI) and multi-trait stability index (MTSI), as well as the factor analytic best linear unbiased prediction (FAI-BLUP) and Smith-Hazel. These hybrids can be used in future breeding programs and as candidates for superior tropical maize hybrids.
New Emerging and Comprehensive Land Mapping Unit at Detailed Scale: Integrating Random Forest Analysis and Remote Sensing Techniques for Sustainable Land Management Putra, Aditya Nugraha; Ustiatik, Reni; Prasetya, Novandi Rizky; Adara, Erza Aulia; Nita, Istika; Hadi, Syamsu Ridzal Indra; Soemarno, Soemarno; Sudarto, Sudarto; Utami, Sri Rahayu; Munir, Mochammad; Rayes, Mochtar Lutfi
Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture Vol 40, No 3 (2025): July
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/carakatani.v40i3.97530

Abstract

Precise and detailed land mapping is essential for sustainable land management, environmental conservation, and regional planning, especially in complex and diverse landscapes. This study aims to present an innovative framework for the development of Land Mapping Units (LMUs) at a detailed scale (1:20,000), through the integration of Random Forest (RF) analysis and high-resolution remote sensing data. This study was conducted in the South Malang Plateau, Indonesia (the area characterized by karst, tectonic, volcanic, and alluvial landforms) from June to December 2024. As part of the methodology, the study utilized a combination of geospatial data, including geological maps, DEM-derived topographical indices, and remote sensing indices (Normalized Difference Soil Index/NDSI, Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index/SAVI, Normalized Difference Water Index/NDWI, Modified Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index/MSAVI). A total of 10,903 field observation points were analyzed, with 70% used for model training and 30% for validation. The results show that RF-based LMUs achieved R2 of 0.93 and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of 0.645, which is reliable to use. The LMUs provide a comprehensive understanding of landform-specific characteristics, including soil fertility linked to parent material, erosion sensitivity, and slope variability. These insights support applications in precision agriculture, disaster mitigation, and environmental planning. Moreover, the result can guide informed decision-making to prioritize sustainable land management that effectively prevents land degradation in the South Malang Plateau region, as stated in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The study demonstrates the potential of combining machine learning and remote sensing to refine spatial analysis and address the limitations of manual mapping methods. The proposed framework is scalable and adaptable to other diverse landscapes, making it a valuable tool for advancing sustainable land management in a rapidly changing world.
Evaluating Agricultural Sustainability in Permaculture Farms: A Multidimensional Approach for Resilient Farming Systems Hakimi, Fatiha; El Kihal, Loubna; El Janati, Mustapha; Ahmad, Ishtiaq; Arabi, Mourad; Farooq, Muhammad
Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture Vol 40, No 4 (2025): October
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/carakatani.v40i4.101376

Abstract

Morocco’s agriculture is increasingly constrained by climate change, water scarcity, and soil degradation, limiting the effectiveness of conventional farming. Permaculture offers a promising alternative, yet its sustainability in the Moroccan context remains underexplored. This study evaluates the multidimensional sustainability of permaculture farms and identifies key constraints to their resilience, assessing 20 farms in the commune of Brachoua using the IDEA (Indicators of Sustainability of Agricultural Farms) framework, adapted to local conditions through expert and farmer consultation. Scores were calculated across agroecological, socio-territorial, and economic dimensions. Farm typologies were identified using principal component analysis (PCA), with adequacy confirmed by eigenvalues, Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO), and Bartlett’s test, and hierarchical ascending classification (HAC), validated by dendrogram structure and silhouette index. Results show strong agroecological performance (65.1±8.51 points), moderate economic sustainability (61.0±13.53), and weak socio-territorial integration (41.1±12.19). PCA revealed two main axes explaining 85.4% of variance, while HAC distinguished two farm clusters: a small group of high-performing farms with stronger socio-territorial and economic linkages, and a majority cluster with average but uniform profiles. Weaknesses include limited livestock diversity, poor soil and water management, lack of product traceability, and weak community participation. The study concludes that while permaculture supports ecological sustainability and financial independence, socio-territorial deficiencies remain the main barrier. Targeted interventions (farmer training, cooperative development, and quality certification) are needed to improve outcomes. More broadly, the study shows the usefulness of combining IDEA with multivariate statistics to generate farm typologies, offering a transferable framework for assessing sustainability in smallholder systems facing climatic and resource challenges.

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