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Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 26139456     EISSN : 25992570     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture publishes original articles, review articles, case studies and short communications on the fundamentals, applications and management of Sustainable Agriculture areas in collaboration with Indonesian Agrotechnology / Agroecotechnology Association (PAGI), Asia Pacific Network for Sustainable Agriculture, Food and Energy (SAFE-Network), and Indonesian Agricultural Higher Education Communication Forum (FKPTPI). This journal has two issues in a year and it will be published in April and October.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 100 Documents
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Beef Self-Sufficiency and Oil Palm Sustainability: Developing a Cattle-Oil Palm Integration System in Indonesia Raisa, Daeva Mubarika; Sirajuddin, Sitti Nurani; Syamsu, Jasmal Ahmari; Arsyad, Muhammad; Rahim, Lellah; Munizu, Musran; Jamil, Muhammad Hatta; Bahrun, Abd. Haris; Mohammad Al-Tawaha, Abdel Razzaq; Nohong, Budiman; Nurlaelah, Siti
Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture Vol 41, No 1 (2026): January
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/carakatani.v41i1.100400

Abstract

The integration of cattle production with oil palm plantations is increasingly promoted in Indonesia to enhance rural economies and support community livelihoods. Achieving long-term sustainability of this system requires a clear understanding of the institutional determinants that influence the implementation across social, economic, and ecological dimensions. Therefore, this study aims to examine the institutional determinants by identifying 5 key stakeholder groups in the cattle-oil palm sectors. The location was in Tanah Bumbu Regency, South Kalimantan, which was purposively selected for cattle-oil palm integration. Primary data were collected through field observations, structured questionnaires, and in-depth interviews with 15 purposively selected experts and were triangulated using secondary reports. Interpretive structural modeling (ISM) combined with MICMAC analysis was applied to identify, structure, and classify institutional constraints. The results showed a total of 13 institutional constraints, most of which were located in the linkage and dependent quadrants, indicating high interdependence and systemic vulnerability. Major constraints included inadequate coordination, weak leadership, limited institutional capacity, as well as insufficient regulatory and financial support. ISM generated 8 hierarchical constraint levels and 5 strategic program levels, regulation, financing, interagency collaboration, extension services, and waste processing technologies emerging as key drivers of system improvement. These results underscore the need for integrated institutional strengthening to enhance SISKA performance and sustainability. As the first to apply a combined MICMAC-ISM framework to cattle-oil palm integration, this study offers a novel institutional model to facilitate evidence-based policy design and strategic program planning.
Efficacy of Low-Toxicity Alternatives for Citrus Disease Management: Potassium Sorbate and Sodium Benzoate against Alternaria alternata Zelmat, Lamyaa; Hamrani, Meriem; Fariss, Oussama; Abbad, Zineb; Dahman, Mohamed; Samdi, Abdelali; Ibriz, Mohammed; El Guilli, Mohammed
Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture Vol 40, No 3 (2025): July
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/carakatani.v40i3.99522

Abstract

The integration of generally recognized as safe (GRAS) salts as low-toxicity solutions represents a crucial eco-friendly alternative to fungicides, harnessing their potent antimicrobial effects against various crop pathogens. In this study, the effectiveness of potassium sorbate, sodium benzoate, sodium bicarbonate, and sodium tetraborate was investigated against Alternaria alternata, a significant pathogen causing diseases worldwide in citrus. The inhibitory effects of various salt concentrations on this pathogen were evaluated in vitro using modified potato dextrose agar (PDA) and in vivo through artificial inoculation of ‘Maroc Late’ orange fruits, under both curative and preventive treatments. Initial screening of different active ingredients against three A. alternata isolates established imazalil as a commercial reference for comparative analysis. Results showed that potassium sorbate and sodium benzoate were the most potent inhibitors, suppressing the fungus in vitro by 71% and 67% at 2,000 ppm, respectively, revealing a very low value of IC50 (3 ppm). These two salts yielded comparable outcomes to imazalil (100% suppression) in the curative treatment, achieving significant reductions in severity of 80% and 100% at a low concentration of 2% (w/v). Additionally, fruits treated preventively with 4% (w/v) potassium sorbate and sodium benzoate reduced disease symptoms by up to 100%. The current study highlights GRAS salts that are similarly effective to imazalil and could serve as alternatives to conventional fungicides registered for managing Alternaria diseases of citrus.
Optimization of Plant Growth Regulators and Bioreactor Systems for Efficient In Vitro Shoot Multiplication and Elongation of Amorphophallus muelleri Blume Jayanti, Nur Afni; Putri, Angelia Krisdanti Nasera; Manuhara, Yosephine Sri Wulan; Wibowo, Anjar Tri
Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture Vol 40, No 4 (2025): October
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/carakatani.v40i4.103957

Abstract

Porang (Amorphophallus muelleri Blume), an Indonesian endemic species rich in glucomannan, is widely utilized in food industries for its health benefits. However, its traditional vegetative propagation through bulbils produces limited plants, necessitating an efficient in vitro multiplication system. This study aimed to optimize plant growth regulator combinations and bioreactor systems for enhanced shoot induction and elongation of A. muelleri. During the initiation and induction stages, combinations of thidiazuron (TDZ) with benzylaminopurine (BAP) or kinetin at concentrations ranging from 0 to 1.00 mg l⁻¹ were applied to solid MS media and observed for 8 weeks. The combination of TDZ 0.50 mg l⁻¹ + BAP 1.00 mg l⁻¹ produced the fastest shoot induction (32.34±2.52 days), while TDZ 0.75 mg l⁻¹ + BAP 0.75 mg l⁻¹ resulted in the highest shoot number (76.33±22.81 shoots explant⁻¹) and 100% shoot formation. TDZ combined with kinetin had no significant effect on induction parameters. For elongation, shoots induced from TDZ 0.75 mg l⁻¹ + BAP 0.75 mg l⁻¹ medium were cultured in two bioreactor systems: a Temporary Immersion System (TIS) and a Balloon Type Bubble Bioreactor (BTBB). The BTBB significantly outperformed the TIS, yielding 85.2±3.35 shoots explant⁻¹ with an average shoot length of 5.67±1.13 mm after 4 weeks. These results indicate that the synergistic use of TDZ and BAP, combined with the BTBB system, substantially improves in vitro shoot multiplication and elongation of porang, providing a reliable approach for its large-scale propagation and conservation.
Assessment of Forest Conservation Practices among Women Shea Nut Collectors in Baruten Local Government Area, Kwara State, Nigeria Ibrahim-Olesin, Sikiru; Adefalu, Lateef Lawal; Aderinoye-Abdulwahab, Sidiqat Adeyemi; Abdullahi, Hubedat Kora; da Silva Oliveira, Dener Márcio; de Freitas, Diego Antonio França
Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture Vol 41, No 2 (2026): April
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/carakatani.v41i2.111280

Abstract

Concerns over unsustainable harvesting of shea butter trees and consequent forest degradation in Kwara State, Nigeria, highlight the need to focus on women shea collectors as key actors in conservation and restoration. This study assessed forest conservation practices (FCPs) among women shea collectors in Baruten Local Government Area, examining their socioeconomic profiles, information sources, knowledge, usage, and constraints. A probability‑based, two‑stage stratified cluster sampling with proportional allocation selected 150 women shea collectors. Data were collected via structured interview schedules and analyzed using descriptive statistics and multiple regression to identify socioeconomic determinants of FCPs usage. Findings show the most frequently used practices were establishment of protected areas (mean = 4.38), forest fire management (mean = 3.15), and controlled burning (mean = 3.14); the least utilized were sustainable logging practices (mean = 2.17), forest restoration projects (mean = 1.87), and agroforestry (mean = 1.58). Major constraints included fire outbreaks (mean = 3.19), indiscriminate logging (mean = 3.11), and grazing by Fulani herders (mean = 2.34). Multiple regression revealed significant associations between FCP usage and age (p = 0.000), education (p = 0.000), average monthly income (p = 0.007), and household size (p = 0.000). Older and married collectors showed greater adoption of FCPs. The study concludes that women shea collectors are active participants in conservation but face ecological and socio-institutional barriers. It recommends that strengthening awareness and training on underutilized practices like agroforestry and sustainable logging, delivered through trusted community-based channels, could enhance conservation outcomes and resilience among shea nut collectors.
Assessment of F₅ Mungbean Genotypes from Intergeneric Hybridization with Common Bean for Agronomic Performance, Heritability, Variance Components, and Genetic Uniformity Aisah, Binti Nur; Ikhwani, Aprilia Tiara; Setiawan, Agus Budi; Purwantoro, Aziz; Respatie, Dyah Weny; Ambarwati, Erlina; Anggraeni, Listy; Teo, Chee How; Setyawan, Chandra; Khamidah, Aniswatul
Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture Vol 40, No 3 (2025): July
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/carakatani.v40i3.94563

Abstract

Genetic improvement in mungbean (Vigna radiata L. [Wilczek]) is constrained by its narrow genetic base. Introducing genetic material from common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) through intergeneric hybridization offers a promising strategy for enhancing yield potential and advancing sustainable agriculture. However, limited studies have evaluated the agronomic performance and genetic parameters of progenies derived from such crosses. This study aimed to assess agronomic performance, estimate genetic parameters, and evaluate genetic uniformity in mungbean progenies, to identify superior lines for breeding programs. The field experiment was conducted using a randomized complete block design with four replicates. Five selected F₅ genotypes (C419, B423, B1922, B119, and B1124), along with the mungbean progenitor PKHPL-1, were evaluated. Traits assessed included vegetative, generative, and yield-related characteristics. Significant variation was observed among genotypes for yield-related traits, while plant height, number of flowers, and phenological traits showed relative uniformity. Genotype C419 exhibited the highest agronomic performance, with superior values in 100-seed weight, number of seeds per pod, seed weight per plant, and number of pods per plant. High heritability was recorded for pod length and 100-seed weight (90.63% and 90.32%, respectively), indicating strong genetic control and potential for effective selection. Principal component analysis confirmed the major contribution of these traits to yield variation. Furthermore, molecular analysis using IRAP markers revealed high genetic uniformity in genotype C419. These findings demonstrate the potential of intergeneric hybridization for enhancing yield-related traits in mungbean and identify genotype C419 as a promising line for future breeding efforts.
Corn Pest Population Dynamics in Organic Systems Following Soybean: A Three-Year Study Grozea, Ioana; Virteiu, Ana Maria; Grozea, Adrian; Purice, Diana
Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture Vol 40, No 4 (2025): October
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/carakatani.v40i4.101085

Abstract

This study investigated the dynamics of corn pest populations in organic and conventional cropping systems over a three-year corn–soybean–corn rotation (2022 to 2024), conducted in Bihor County, Romania. The experiment was carried out on two farms with similar pedoclimatic conditions (cambic chernozem, pH 6.9, 775 mm annual rainfall), where corn hybrids were grown under identical agronomic conditions, with three replicate plots per treatment. Adult populations of both specific (Rhopalosiphum padi, Ostrinia nubilalis, Helicoverpa armigera, Diabrotica virgifera) and non-specific pests (Phyllotreta atra, Macrosteles spp., Agriotes spp.) were monitored using standardized trap-based sampling. The objectives are to quantify pest pressure across systems and crops and evaluate the influence of soybean as a preceding crop on pest persistence in corn. For corn in 2022, specific pest abundance averaged 1,825.75±131.36 in organic plots vs. 625.25±45.42 in conventional ones (F = 212.84, p < 0.001, Cohen’s d = 11.91). Non-specific pests reached 1,501.33±126.54 in organic corn vs. 834.33±47.60 in conventional (F = 73.02, p = 0.001). In 2024, total pest pressure in organic corn rose to 5,279.67±512.06, compared to 1,683.33±42.22 (F = 146.98, p < 0.001). Pest levels decreased moderately across the organic rotation, suggesting a partial suppressive effect of soybean, absent in conventional plots. Relative abundance of key species exceeded 25 to 30%, indicating a high risk of damage in the absence of intervention. These results have practical implications for integrated pest management (IPM): organic systems require enhanced monitoring and biological control strategies, while soybean’s role in pest carryover should inform rotation planning.
Towards a Circular Bioeconomy in Cacao Bean Shells: Recent Valorization Pathways and Potential Applications in Food Powder Formulations–A Review Sanchez, Philip Donald C; Hashim, Norhashila; Basri, Mohd Salahuddin Mohd; Saari, Nazamid Bin; Muhammad, Dimas Rahadian Aji
Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture Vol 41, No 1 (2026): January
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/carakatani.v41i1.110679

Abstract

Cacao bean shells (CBS), a by-product of chocolate production known for their rich content of bioactive, nutritional, and functional compounds, have gained increasing attention in recent years as part of circular bioeconomy strategies. In the framework of valorization, CBS has been widely explored for diverse applications, including as a fuel, feed, fiber, and nutraceuticals. However, despite its industrial potential, no comprehensive review has yet addressed its valorization pathways, particularly its viability as an ingredient in food powder formulations. Therefore, this review examines the potential of CBS as a food powder resource and evaluates its feasibility as functional ingredient in food systems, focusing on formulation techniques, processing technologies, and the assessment of techno-functional properties. This comprehensive review further examines the potential utilization of CBS powder in food formulations and its corresponding feasibility as an admixture for premix powder formulations. The findings indicate that the valorization of CBS powder in food formulations remains largely unexplored, with only a limited number of studies investigating its application in baked systems. Overall, this review highlights significant opportunities for further exploration of CBS valorization, particularly its potential as an admixture in instant premix powder formulations, as current applications primarily rely on direct incorporation. This review serves as foundational knowledge for food processors and researchers committed to circular economy principles, with a strong interest in the development of innovative food products derived from CBS powder.
Potential Role of Plant Growth-Promoting Halotolerant Bacteria in Enhancing Shallot Growth under Salinity Stress Setiaji, Arkan; Sulastri, Sulastri; Sopandie, Didy
Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture Vol 40, No 3 (2025): July
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/carakatani.v40i3.98106

Abstract

Soil salinization, driven by seawater intrusion, significantly challenges agricultural productivity in coastal regions. Horticultural crops, such as shallots, are especially sensitive to salinity stress, which impairs growth, nutrient uptake, and bulb yield. This study explored halotolerant plant growth-promoting bacteria from saline soils in East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia, to reduce salinity stress in shallots. Seventeen bacterial isolates were screened for halotolerance, and eight of them were capable of growing at 1,250 mM NaCl (OD600 ≥ 0.5). Selected halotolerant isolates also exhibited the ability to produce indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and exopolysaccharides (EPS), solubilize P, K, and Zn, produce siderophores, and exhibit 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase activity with varying tolerance at salinity levels up to 1,000 mM NaCl. Inoculation with these isolates significantly improved shallot seedling growth under 90 to 230 mM NaCl, with Enterobacter hormaechei demonstrating the best performance. Bacterial inoculation elevated 47 to 64% proline and 15 to 107% NO3− levels in shallot leaves compared to uninoculated plants, contributing to osmotic adjustment and enhanced nutrient assimilation under salt stress in laboratory trials. Single-strain (E. hormaechei) and a consortium of compatible strains (E. hormaechei strain R11 and M119.1, Klebsiella pneumoniae strain A95, K. variicola strain R198, and Pseudochrobactrum asaccharolyticum strain C167.1) inoculation significantly increased shoot dry weight (100% and 69% each) compared to uninoculated plants under salt stress. These findings advance the current understanding of microbial-assisted salinity mitigation and support broader strategies for climate-resilient, sustainable agriculture in saline-prone coastal regions.
Calcium Silicate Application Enhances Oxidative Defense and Improves the Physiological and Growth Responses of Shallot (Allium cepa L. Aggregatum Group) Under Salinity Stress Putra, Sidiq Permana; Sukirno, Sukirno; Nugroho, Laurentius Hartanto; Rachmawati, Diah
Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture Vol 41, No 1 (2026): January
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/carakatani.v41i1.108192

Abstract

Indonesia’s shallot production still falls short of domestic demand, necessitating imports. Expanding cultivation into marginal coastal areas such as Yogyakarta is promising but constrained by soil salinity. Silicon can help by enhancing plant resistance to such abiotic stress. This study evaluated the physiological and biochemical responses of shallot plants (Allium cepa L. Aggregatum group) to the application of calcium silicate (CaSiO3) under saline conditions. The experiment employed a completely randomized design with 2 factors: CaSiO3 (0, 2, and 4 mM) and salinity (0, 2, 4, and 8 dS m⁻¹), each with 5 replications. Physiological parameters, antioxidant activity, and yield traits were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Duncan multiple range test (DMRT) at p ≤ 0.05. CaSiO3 significantly alleviated salt stress by enhancing superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and membrane stability, improving photosynthetic efficiency, promoting growth, and yield components. Under high salinity, 4 mM CaSiO3 reduced proline and H₂O₂ accumulation compared with untreated plants. These findings indicate that applying 4 mM CaSiO3 can enhance shallot productivity and resilience in saline coastal soils, supporting sustainable shallot self-sufficiency in Indonesia.
Comparing Organic Paddy Farming Continuance Intention Across Farmers’ Attributes Using a Non-Parametric Approach Nurhayati, Azizatun; Nawi, Nolila Mohd; Kamarulzaman, Nitty Hirawaty; Hadi, Ahmad Hanis Izani Abdul; Irham, Irham
Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture Vol 41, No 2 (2026): April
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/carakatani.v41i2.110683

Abstract

The adoption stage is not the end of the diffusion of organic paddy farming. To ensure long-term engagement, continuance intention must be assessed during the post-adoption stage. This study aims to investigate the status of continuance intention and evaluate score variance across 14 farmers’ attributes. The research involved 345 organic paddy farmers in Magelang, Central Java, Indonesia. A 5-point Likert-scale questionnaire was administered to assess the respondents’ continuance intention. Non-parametric tests, namely the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests, were performed to examine differences in the mean ranks of the continuance intention composite scores across attribute groups. The results showed that the majority of organic farmers (66.08%) possess high continuance intention. The differences in mean ranks of continuance intention score were also revealed across the groups of ‘role in farmer groups’, ‘renewal of organic certification status’, ‘farm ownership’, ‘organic paddy farming experience’, and ‘the frequency of organic certification renewal’. In addition, the mean rank score of continuance intention for ‘renters’ was significantly higher than that of ‘landowners’. These findings suggest that farmers’ attributes could be incorporated into the consideration of an actionable plan to preserve and enhance farmers’ intentions.

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