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INDONESIA
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 20890133     EISSN : 24776416     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science,
Astronomy Energy Materials Science & Nanotechnology Physics
Indonesia Journal of Apllied Physics provides rapid publication of short reports and important research in all fields of physics. Indonesia Journal of Apllied Physics publishes articles that are of significance in their respective fields whilst also contributing to the disclipline of physics as a whole. Articles should be submitted to the Editorial Office of Indonesia Journal of Apllied Physics through this site. Further information on submission is also available at this site
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Articles 239 Documents
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Kajian Literatur Karakteristik Lapisan Keramik Oksida yang Ditumbuhkan Diatas Paduan Zirkonium dengan Metode Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation Ajiriyanto, Maman Kartaman; Anawati, Anawati
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS Vol 12, No 1 (2022): April
Publisher : Department of Physics, Sebelas Maret University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/ijap.v12i1.49853

Abstract

Bahan Zircaloy-4 telah digunakan sebagai bahan kelongsong elemen bakar reaktor nuklir tipe pressurized water reactor, PWR. Kelongsong Zr-4 tersebut menghadapi kondisi temperatur dan tekanan tinggi, iradiasi neutron, dan penyerapan gas (hidrogen, oksigen).  Pada suhu dan tekanan tinggi, paduan Zr-4 mudah mengalami oksidasi dan kecepatan oksidasi meningkat pada suhu 800-1200°C. Upaya untuk meningkatkan ketahanan oksidasi kelongsong Zr-4 adalah pelapisan permukaan dengan metode seperti thermal spray, physical vapor deposition, cladding, heat treatment, dan chemical vapor deposition. Pada artikel review ini menggambarkan dan menjelaskan metode pelapisan alternatif yaitu plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) yang secara khusus diaplikasikan pada substrat zirkonium. Aspek lain yang dibahas adalah parameter proses yang mempengaruhi kualitas lapisan, dan karakteristik yang khas dari lapisan yang dihasilkan dengan metode PEO. Plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) merupakan metode pelapisan yang menjanjikan untuk menghasilkan lapisan oksida keramik dengan kekuatan mekanik dan termal yang tinggi. Proses PEO menggunakan peralatan yang sederhana dan bahan yang ramah lingkungan. Lapisan oksida zirkonium (ZrO2) yang terbentuk pada permukaan substrat Zr-4 mempunyai titik lebur sangat tinggi yaitu 2715°C dan tampang lintang neutron termal sangat rendah yaitu 0,18 barn. Karakteristik lapisan oksida keramik yang dihasilkan dipengaruhi oleh parameter proses PEO yaitu rapat arus, jenis dan konsentrasi elektrolit, bahan aditif pada elektrolit dll. Hingga saat ini, proses pelapisan metode PEO pada paduan Zirkonium (Zr) relatif belum banyak dibahas secara mendalam jika dibandingkan dengan logam lainnya seperti Al, Mg, dan Ti. Salah satu permasalahan yang masih dihadapi dalam pelapisan PEO terhadap substrat Zr-4 adalah porositas relatif tinggi dan jumlah fasa t-ZrO2 pada inner dan outer layer yang relatif rendah yang dapat mengurangi kekuatan mekanik dan ketahanan korosinya. Penyelesaian masalah untuk meningkatkan kualitas lapisan PEO adalah dengan optimasi parameter proses PEO yaitu rapat arus ,dan jenis dan konsentrasi elektrolit. Dalam kajian literatur ini didiskusikan strategi optimasi rapat arus, penggunaan variasi elektrolit, dan penambahan aditif pada proses PEO  untuk meningkatkan sifat mekanik dan korosi lapisan Modifikasi permukaan dengan proses PEO dapat diaplikasikan pada paduan zirkonium termasuk paduan Zr-4 sebagai komponen atau kelongsong bahan bakar reaktor nuklir tipe PWR. Metode PEO ini sangat potensial digunakan pada kelongsong Zr-4 untuk meningkatkan ketahanan oksidasi suhu tinggi dan meningkatkan efisiensi bahan bakar didalam reaktor nuklir.
Performance of Doped Montmorillonite on Photosensitizer Based Natural Dyes Gardenia Jasminoides Mulijani, Sri; Sutriah, Komar; Syahbirin, Gustini; Shabrina, Shabrina
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS Vol 12, No 1 (2022): April
Publisher : Department of Physics, Sebelas Maret University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/ijap.v12i1.54786

Abstract

Dye Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC) is an electrochemical cell that is able to convert solar energy from light to electrical energy. This technology is needed by the world as a renewable and environment friendly energy. In this study, we evaluate the consideration of modification montmorillonite and Gardenia jasminoides dyes may achieve better performance of DSSC by manufactured DSSC with modified TiO2 semiconductors using montmorillonite (MMT) and Nafion. Performance of DSSC was determined by potentiometer. Atomic force microscope was used to evaluate the characteristic of DSSC. The UV-vis results revealed that the dyes which is extracted from the Gardenia jasminoides content crocin and quercetin compounds. Modification DSSC contains ratio of MMT: nafion (50:50) exhibited highest power conversion efficiency value of 0.8316%. Topography of surface ensured the dyes have occupied surface area and able to promote electron to higher energy.  However, MMT and nafion capable to enhance potential of dyes as photosensitizer in DSSC. 
Sintesis dan Karakterisasi Struktur dan Sifat Magnet Nanokomposit Fe3O4@PEG:ZnO Astuti, Astuti; khaira, ihda; Arief, syukri; Usna, Sri Rahayu Alfitri
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS Vol 12, No 2 (2022): October
Publisher : Department of Physics, Sebelas Maret University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/ijap.v12i2.58514

Abstract

Fe3O4@PEG:ZnO nanocomposites were synthesized by the coprecipitation method with various of the samples were Fe3O4, Fe3O4@ZnO (1:1), Fe3O4@PEG: ZnO (1:2), and Fe3O4@ PEG: ZnO (1:3). The samples were synthesized with variation in the concentration of ZnO to Fe3O4. The concentration ratio of (Fe3O4:ZnO) were (1:1), (1:2), and (1:3). In addition, polyethylene glycol (PEG) is also used to prevent the agglomeration of Fe3O4. Sample characterization was carried out using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Particle Size Analyzer (PSA), and vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM). The XRD patterns show that the sample is composed of Fe3O4phase and ZnO phase with crystal structure cubic and wurtzite respectively. The TEM image shows the formation of a core-shell structure where PEG: ZnO is the shell and Fe3O4 is the core. From the FTIR results, there are C-O and C-C bonds which indicate the formation of PEG, Fe-O bonds indicate the formation of Fe3O4 and Zn-O bonds indicate the formation of ZnO. Characterization with PSA obtained particle sizes of 33 nm, 23 nm, and 16 nm with particle size distributions of 25%, 50%, and 75% so that the average particle size is 24 nm. The VSM results show that Fe3O4@PEG: ZnO (1:2) nanocomposite has a high magnetic saturation of 66.58 emu/g, with superparamagnetic properties, which has the potential to be developed as a bioimaging material.
Efisiensi Counter Electrode Dengan Pengurangan Pemakaian Platina Menggunakan Komposit Bahan Ramah Lingkungan Grafin Dan Carbon Nanotubes Untuk Aplikasi Dye Sensitized Solar Cells fatiatun, fatiatun; Swasti, Intan Masruroh
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS Vol 12, No 2 (2022): October
Publisher : Department of Physics, Sebelas Maret University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/ijap.v12i2.61710

Abstract

Dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) are the most popular solar cells in the third generation. DSSCs have been widely developed as an alternative to silicon-based solar cells because of its easy manufacturing process, high efficiency, easy production costs, and environmental friendliness. Graphene and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are promising materials to reduce the use of platinum (Pt) in counter electrode (CE) due to their excellent properties, such as thermal, electrical conductivity, and high surface area. One of the derivatives of graphene that is often used is reduced graphene oxide (rGO) which is produced from GO solution by a reduction process. GO was synthesized in an electrolyte containing surfactant by the electrochemical exfoliation method. The specially prepared sodium 1,4-bis(neopentyloxy)-3-(neopentyloxycarbonyl)-1,4-dioxobutane-2-silphonate (TC14) surfactant was used in GO synthesis. The CE thin film of TC14-rGO/CNTs/Pt hybrid shows the highest efficiency values (0.0594%) with Jsc, Voc, and FF of 0.176 mA/cm2, 0.622 V, and 0.464, respectively. This was believed due to the conjugated network in CNTs acts as a connecting cable between the TC14-rGO layers and as a vacancy filler, the high electrical conductivity value and the larger surface area also cause faster electron movement, making these properties important in DSSC performance. The FF value which is also the highest in the TC14-rGO/CNTs/Pt hybrid samples as CE is also influenced by its structure. The high surface area of CNTs and TC14-rGO in the TC14-rGO/CNTs/Pt hybrid samples exhibited important properties for generating dye after electron injection and led to a faster route of electron regulation during DSSCs processing. These findings indicate that Pt composited with environmentally friendly and inexpensive materials such as T14-rGO and CNTs can improve CE performance in DSSCs applications. Based on this, this research can be used as a basis for further research on the fabrication of carbon-based CE
Fabrication and Characterization of Core Offset Waveguide Optical Sensor for Refractive Index Measurement Paradita, Dhea; Yulianti, Ian; Suhantoro, Mei
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS Vol 12, No 2 (2022): October
Publisher : Department of Physics, Sebelas Maret University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/ijap.v12i2.51833

Abstract

Refractive index is important parameter in various fields, such as environmental, chemical, industrial, and medical. Measurement of refractive index can be done using optical sensor based buried waveguide core offset. This research aims to fabricate and characterize core offset buried waveguide based on Polymethyl Methacrylate (PMMA).  Fabrication of buried waveguide was done by creating a cladding of waveguide made from PMMA which has a refractive index of 1.4908 using computer numerical Control machine  (CNC). The material used as waveguide core was unsaturated polyester resin (UPR). Characterization was performed to determine the spectrum of input intensity and output intensity.  Characterization were done by dipping the waveguide sample in to a container containing glucose solution with concentration of 12%, 14%, 16%, 18%, 20%, and 24%. Waveguide was connected to Polymer Fiber Optic (POF). One of the of POF as an input is connected to light emited diode with wavelength of 470 nm and one of the end other POF as an output was connected to Spectrometer Ocean Optic USB4000. The result showed that the total loss at concentration of 12%-24% is -4.62 dB, -5,70 dB, -6,01 dB, -6,49 dB, -6,15 dB, -6,16 dB, respectively. Sensor works well at a solution concentration of 16%-20% with a sensitivity value of 19.62 dB/RIU and correlation factor of 92.76%. 
Pengaruh Pemberian Agen Kontras Pewarna Sintetik pada Jaringan Biologis terhadap Hasil Pencitraan Fotoakustik Janna, Miftahul; Mitrayana, Mitrayana; Widyaningrum, Rini
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS Vol 12, No 2 (2022): October
Publisher : Department of Physics, Sebelas Maret University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/ijap.v12i2.57219

Abstract

An experiment to investigate the influence of synthetic dye contrast agent in photoacoustic imaging of biological tissue was conducted in this study. This study uses a simple phocoacoustic imaging system consists of three main components, i.e., a diode laser, condenser microphone, and a custom-build X-Y stage. Characterization was performed on the main components of the system to obtain the appropriate settings on imaging the biological tissue in this study. The results of the optimal frequency and duty cycle for laser modulation in this study were 19000 Hz and duty cyle of 40%, respectively. The addition of a contrast agent aims to improve the quality of the image by comparing the sample with methylene blue contrast agent, the sample with methyl red and the sample without contrast agent. The increases of acoustic intensity level is in proportion with the contrast agent concentration. The difference in the photoacoustic images reveal that the sample with methylene blue contrast agent has the highest acoustic intensity level compared to both sample with methyl red contrast agent and the sample without contrast agent. Therefore, this research proves that a photoacoustic imaging system can be developed to image biological tissue with a contrast agent and methylene blue has greater potential than methyl red to be used as a contrast agent in photoacoustic imaging.
Sistem Pengukuran Detak Jantung Janin Melalui Elektrokardiogram Abdominal dan Android Aji, Yusuf Anggara; Nuryani, Nuryani; Wiyono, Nanang; Yunianto, Mohtar; Purnama, Budi; Utari, Utari; Riyatun, Riyatun; Suharno, Suharno; Raharjo, Dwi Teguh
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS Vol 12, No 2 (2022): October
Publisher : Department of Physics, Sebelas Maret University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/ijap.v12i2.65287

Abstract

An android-based fetal heart rate measurement is presented in this article. The fetal heart rate was obtained from the mother's abdominal electrocardiogram which was then measured and processed by Raspberry pi using k-means. Raspberry pi processed results produce ECG signals and fetal heart rate which was displayed on Android devices in real-time. The android application can also save heart rate and ECG data or retrieve previously taken heart rate recordings. The system obtained that the average value of accuracy, sensitivity and predictive positive were 90.49%, 97.10% and 93.03%, respectively. The variation of the training time of the algorithm showed that the training time of 10 and 15 seconds mostly has better performance than the training time of 5 seconds.
Conversion of Oil Shale To Liquid Hydrocarbons as A New Energy Resources Using Iron (Fe)-Pillared Clay (Kaolinite) Catalyst Dewanto, Ordas; Ferucha, Istifani; Darsono, Darsono; Rizky, Sri
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS Vol 12, No 2 (2022): October
Publisher : Department of Physics, Sebelas Maret University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/ijap.v12i2.58414

Abstract

In the context of new energy exploration, oil shale is currently a source of energy that is being developed so that it can be used as an alternative energy in the future. Based on this background, it is important to research the conversion method of oil shale to liquid hydrocarbons. The method used is using clay (kaolinite) catalyst and  iron (Fe)-pillared clay (kaolinite) catalyst. Clay catalyst products are capable of making organic mature faster and even requiring a lower temperature for the changes (through thermal cracking of non-volatile organic material). The addition of Fe metal in the clay catalyst product to oil shale, causing the surface area of the natural clays were significantly increased, then the volume of micro pore were also increased, it causes the organic material to mature faster and the temperature required for the change is less than the shale material without Fe. The catalyst method by the pillarization technique able to increase the surface area and pore volume, thus accelerating the reaction and changing the reaction rate to be greater. It is observed that clay catalyst products can serve as catalysts for accelerating organic maturation reactions. if compared between the clay material  of OD1-Ast1 (50% clay-50% organic), OD1-Ast2 (33% clay-67% organic), and the OD1-Ast3 shale material (67% clay - 33% organic),then OD1-Ast3 has a faster reaction rate. Comparison of clay material is smaller than organic, then the properties of the catalyst product to accelerate the reaction are reduced, such as the OD1-Ast2 shale material has a slow reaction rate compared to the OD1-Ast3 shale material. The addition of Fe metal in the clay catalyst product to the OD1-Ast2 shale material, resulting in OD1-Ast2-Fe shale material (75% OD1-Ast2 and 25% Fe) having a faster reaction rate than before the addition of Fe metal.The design of heavy (%) clay (kaolinite) and Fe pilaration on oil shale were greatly influence the change of TOC values when heated,then affecting maturation and Tmax. The temperature of maturation and Tmax as the main parameters of conversion of oil shale to liquid hydrocarbon. This method supports the development of science and technology in the field of exploitation and processing of natural resources.
Pendekatan Hukum Stokes Pada Proses Terjadinya Slag Untuk Meningkatkan Efektifitas Pembersihan Cairan Logam Pada Proses Peleburan Besi Cor Nadi, Muhammad Rizki Gorbyandi; Ruskandi, Cecep; Siswanto, Ari; Koswara, Eko
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS Vol 12, No 2 (2022): October
Publisher : Department of Physics, Sebelas Maret University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/ijap.v12i2.57997

Abstract

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan efektifitas pembersihan slag pada proses peleburan besi cor. Penelitian ini menghasilkan perhitungan kecepatan terminal slag muncul ke permukaan tanur induksi berdasarkan pendekatan Hukum Stokes pada masing-masing slag yang muncul saat proses peleburan besi cor. Setiap pengecoran besi cor diambil tiga buah sampel berdasarkan waktu tercepat pada slag yang sangat ringan, waktu terlambat yang dimiliki oleh slag terberat dan waktu ekstrem sebagai pembanding. Hasil dari setiap sampel dilakukan pengujian karakterisasi seperti bentuk, ukuran dan komposisi kimia pada setiap sampel yang kemudian disesuaikan dengan perhitungan yang telah dibuat. Karakterisasi dianalisa dengan menggunakan X-ray diffraction, Scanning micrsocope elektro dan energy dispersive spectroscopy micro analysis. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa pendekatan hukum stokes untuk memprediksi slag mencapai permukaan mendapatkan hasil yang sesuai bahwa seluruh slag mencapai permukaan pada waktu t = 230 s. Slag yang muncul pada waktu t = 300 s merupakan slag yang terbentuk akibat interaksi cairan dengan permukaan yang bukan merupakan slag yang terjadi dari raw material yang digunakan. Penelitian ini berhasil untuk meminimalisir terbentuknya slag pada setiap pengecoran besi cor menggunakan tanur induksi.
Identification Of Changes In Magnetic Clay Mineral Lattice Due To Batik Fabric Dyeing Process Using X-Ray Diffraction Mardayani, Reza Sri; Rifai, Hamidi; Dwiridal, Letmi; Akmam, Akmam; Mufit, Fatni
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS Vol 12, No 2 (2022): October
Publisher : Department of Physics, Sebelas Maret University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/ijap.v12i2.59344

Abstract

Clay in West Sumatra has been developed as an industrial material, one of which is a natural dye for batik. The use of clay as a natural dye was previously known to have magnetic minerals contained in clay so as to produce color and resistance to fabrics. Currently, no one has investigated the types of magnetic minerals found in clay and their effect on color resistance in batik cloth, so this study aims to determine the types of magnetic minerals in clay and their effect on color resistance in batik cloth. Clay samples were taken from two areas in West Sumatra, namely Pesisir Selatan and Sijunjung. Samples were characterized from the extraction of clay using X-Ray Diffraction, where measurements were taken before and after the dyeing process on the fabric. The results showed that the types of magnetic minerals found in the clay before and after dyeing the fabric were Maghemite. In addition, the non-magnetic mineral found in clay is Quartz. The color resistance test on the CL-SPPS-210314-2 fabric sample did not change color, on the contrary, the CL-PSBSJJ-210421 fabric sample experienced quite a change from the original color of the fabric or before washing. 

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