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INDONESIA
Civil Engineering Dimension
Published by Universitas Kristen Petra Surabaya
ISSN : 14109530     EISSN : 1979570X     DOI : -
Core Subject : Engineering,
Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture
The Civil Engineering Dimension (Dimensi Teknik Sipil) is a refereed journal, published twice a year, in March and September.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 493 Documents
 46   47   48   49   50 
Finite Element-based Optimization of Shear-Strengthening Strategies for I-Shaped RC Beams using Hybrid Materials and Plate Reinforcement Mayadah W. Falah; Alaa Adnan Hafedh; Maryam H. Naser; Zainab Al-Khafaji
Civil Engineering Dimension Vol. 28 No. 2 (2026): SEPTEMBER 2026
Publisher : Institute of Research and Community Outreach - Petra Christian University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9744/ced.28.2.179-192

Abstract

This study investigates the shear-strengthening performance of I-shaped reinforced concrete (RC) beams using advanced materials and external steel plate configurations through nonlinear finite element modeling (FEM) in ANSYS. Three shear enhancement techniques were evaluated: high-strength concrete (HSC), steel fiber-reinforced concrete (SFRC), and externally bonded steel plates of different configurations (full-length, vertical, inclined). The FEM models were validated against experimental results with a deviation of less than 2%, demonstrating excellent predictive accuracy. Results reveal that inclined and full-length steel plates achieved the greatest improvement in shear capacity of up to 22% compared to control specimens. In comparison, SFRC provided a comparable 17.5% increase, while offering additional advantages such as improved durability and corrosion resistance. Additionally, the influence of web material replacement on crack propagation and load redistribution was examined. This study provides a comprehensive comparison of shear-strengthening methods and offers practical insights into effective retrofit strategies for existing RC structures under increased service demands.
Optimizing Time and Cost Efficiency in Housing Construction using a Lean Construction Approach Gunawan Gunawan; Kukuh Handayani; Mohammed Ali Berawi; Mustika Sari; Siti Rahma Utami; Perdana Miraj
Civil Engineering Dimension Vol. 28 No. 2 (2026): SEPTEMBER 2026
Publisher : Institute of Research and Community Outreach - Petra Christian University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9744/ced.28.2.249-263

Abstract

Efficient time and cost control is critical in housing construction, particularly where workflow disruptions and non-value-added activities reduce project performance. This study examines the Green Royal Housing Project in Jakarta, Indonesia, to evaluate how Lean Construction can improve delivery through waste identification, activity classification, and workflow planning. Project documents, site observations, and interviews with five key stakeholders were used to classify 87 construction activities into value-added, essential non-value-added, and non-value-added categories. The analysis identified 21 non-value-added activities, mainly related to waiting, unnecessary processes, transportation inefficiencies, and inventory problems. Their elimination reduced the projected duration from 83 to 74 weeks. An LPS-informed planning framework was then used to support lookahead planning, constraint screening, and weekly work commitments. Because a four-week delay remained, a CPM-based crashing scenario was evaluated separately as a post-lean acceleration option, reducing the duration to 66 weeks. The findings clarify Lean Construction's role in improving housing project efficiency.
A Hybrid Failure Mode and Effects Analysis–Decision Tree Framework for Integrated Occupational Health and Safety Risk Assessment: A Case in Military Building Construction Lendra Lendra; Norhaliza Qammatasya; Dewantoro Dewantoro; Andi Andi
Civil Engineering Dimension Vol. 28 No. 2 (2026): SEPTEMBER 2026
Publisher : Institute of Research and Community Outreach - Petra Christian University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9744/ced.28.2.204-218

Abstract

Occupational health and safety in military construction projects face unique challenges due to security restrictions that complicate safety oversight and limit emergency response capabilities. While Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) effectively identifies construction risks, it lacks structured decision-making for selecting optimal mitigation strategies. Existing frameworks focus on risk identification but provide limited guidance for cost-effective mitigation under resource and security constraints. This study develops the first integrated FMEA-Decision Tree framework specifically adapted for military construction environments, demonstrated through the Military Command Building A project. Six experienced stakeholders evaluated 28 construction activities, identifying six dominant risks with Risk Priority Number (RPN) values exceeding 150. The integrated methodology achieved significant RPN reductions ranging from 53.58 to 80.83 points, transitioning all critical risks from "Very High" to "High" categories. External validation through Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment, and Determining Control (HIRADC) confirmed consistent hazard identification. This pioneering approach demonstrates considerable potential for improving safety management in high-security construction contexts.
Machine Learning Modelling of IRI in Continuously Reinforced Concrete Pavements Using LTPP Data: Comparative Evaluation of Advanced Algorithms Ali Alnaqbi; Waleed Zeiada; Ghazi Al-Khateeb; Muamer Abuzwidah
Civil Engineering Dimension Vol. 28 No. 1 (2026): MARCH 2026
Publisher : Institute of Research and Community Outreach - Petra Christian University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9744/ced.28.1.130-144

Abstract

Accurately predicting International Roughness Index (IRI) is essential for effective pavement maintenance and long-term network sustainability. This study evaluates several advanced machine learning models for IRI prediction in Continuously Reinforced Concrete Pavement (CRCP) using a comprehensive dataset from Long-Term Pavement Performance (LTPP) program. Support Vector Machines, Artificial Neural Networks, Regression Trees, Ensemble Trees, and Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) were developed and assessed using Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and R-squared (R²). The Matern 5/2 GPR model achieved the best performance, with R² = 0.97 and RMSE = 0.0776. Feature importance analysis using Random Forest identified initial IRI, construction number, layer thicknesses and temperature as the strongest predictors. Sensitivity analysis confirmed the influence of age, climate, and traffic on IRI. Using only the top ten variables produced nearly identical accuracy, improving computational efficiency. Overall, the study demonstrates the strong potential of ML for reliable and sustainable IRI prediction in rigid pavements.
Probabilistic Analysis of the Failure Time of Concrete-Filled Steel Tube (CFST) Columns under Post-Blast Fire Loading Alireza Afaghi-Darabi; Majid Moradi; Sadegh Rezaei
Civil Engineering Dimension Vol. 28 No. 2 (2026): SEPTEMBER 2026
Publisher : Institute of Research and Community Outreach - Petra Christian University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9744/ced.28.2.230-248

Abstract

This study examines the behavior and resistance of concrete-filled steel tube (CFST) columns under post-blast fire conditions, where prior explosions cause initial structural damage affecting fire performance. A blast equivalent to 20 kg TNT at a 1.5 m distance was simulated, followed by fire exposure. Seven numerical models were developed in ABAQUS, considering variations in column type, dimensions, length, and boundary conditions. A sensitivity analysis using the tornado diagram method evaluated the impact of random variables. Results show that CFST columns have significantly greater resistance than hollow steel columns in such scenarios. Among the variables, steel yield strength, concrete compressive strength, and axial load had the most influence on failure time. Probabilistic analysis further indicated that columns with larger diameters, even with increased height to maintain constant slenderness ratio, performed better, achieving an average failure time of 10829 seconds compared to other specimens under similar conditions.
Enhancing Construction Site Safety through Automated PPE Monitoring: A Computer Vision-based Approach Chetan G. More
Civil Engineering Dimension Vol. 28 No. 2 (2026): SEPTEMBER 2026
Publisher : Institute of Research and Community Outreach - Petra Christian University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9744/ced.28.2.193-203

Abstract

The construction industry is known as one of the most accident-prone industries, where conventional Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) compliance checks remain laborious and inadequate for real-time safety monitoring. Although several sensor-based and AI-driven systems exist, many remain limited in scope, difficult to scale, or unsuitable for low-compute environments. This study developed a practical, multi-class, real-time PPE monitoring framework using an optimized YOLOv5s model aligned with industry insights. A PRISMA-based literature review and a semi-structured survey of 74 professionals identified critical PPE items and implementation barriers, informing dataset design and model requirements. Trained on hybrid datasets, the model achieved a mean average precision (mAP) of 86.5% at an Intersection over Union (IoU) threshold of 0.5, along with 91.4% precision, 87.5% recall, and an inference speed of approximately 140 frames per second (FPS). The resulting framework provides a scalable and easily deployable solution that integrates with existing CCTV systems to automate PPE compliance monitoring on construction sites.
Experimental Study on the Hysteretic Behavior of Tempered Steel Helical Dampers Melania Anggita Harkristuti; Henricus Priyosulistyo; Angga Fajar Setiawan; Andika Monanta Emilidardi
Civil Engineering Dimension Vol. 28 No. 2 (2026): SEPTEMBER 2026
Publisher : Institute of Research and Community Outreach - Petra Christian University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9744/ced.28.2.264-275

Abstract

Structural mitigation is a key strategy for reducing earthquake-induced property damage and casualties. Among various mitigation measures, dampers are widely used to enhance structural energy dissipation. This study proposes a heat-treated steel helical spring damper to improve damping performance. The dampers were fabricated from mild reinforcing steel bars with diameters of 6, 10, and 12 mm and different numbers of coils. An annealing process was applied to reduce the steel yield strength. The specimens were subjected to displacement-controlled sinusoidal cyclic loading to evaluate stiffness, strength, energy dissipation, and equivalent viscous damping ratio (EVDR). The results showed that reducing yield strength through annealing increased the EVDR by approximately 2.6%. Furthermore, larger coil diameters provided higher load-carrying capacity and greater energy dissipation. Conversely, increasing the number of coils reduced energy dissipation because of lower stiffness and larger yielding displacements within the applied loading range.
Numerical Investigation of Seismic Responses of Fault-Crossing Segmental Water Conveyance Tunnel Ridhwan Afnan Primadika; Teuku Faisal Fathani; Fikri Faris
Civil Engineering Dimension Vol. 28 No. 2 (2026): SEPTEMBER 2026
Publisher : Institute of Research and Community Outreach - Petra Christian University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9744/ced.28.2.145-158

Abstract

Tunnels are important infrastructures, but faults and internal water pressure can reduce their seismic performance. These risks are relevant in seismic regions including Indonesia. Although finite element methods are used to analyze tunnel behavior, models with continuous linings overestimate stresses, while the influence of segmental joints remains underexplored. This study investigates the seismic response of the Bener Dam diversion tunnel, Central Java, Indonesia, which crosses an inactive fault and uses segmental lining, using nonlinear time-history finite element analysis. Three scenarios were analyzed: presence versus absence of a fault, empty versus water-filled conditions, and continuous versus jointed linings. The results indicated that fault-crossing tunnels are most vulnerable to horizontal slip, especially under pulse-like earthquakes, with strains concentrated near faults. Water minimally affects deformation but increases internal stress, while segmental joints elevate peak strain yet localize damage. These findings highlighted the need to consider fault, water, and joint effects in seismic tunnel design.
Scour Development in Square Pile Groups: Effects of Pile Number and Spacing Aisyah Dwi Puspasari; Jyh-Haw Tang
Civil Engineering Dimension Vol. 28 No. 2 (2026): SEPTEMBER 2026
Publisher : Institute of Research and Community Outreach - Petra Christian University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9744/ced.28.2.276-290

Abstract

Local scour around pile group foundations poses a significant risk to hydraulic and coastal structures, particularly when multiple piles interact with complex flow patterns. This study presents a numerical investigation of local scour around pile groups arranged in 2×2, 3×3, and 4×4 square configurations using Flow-3D. The model incorporates clear-water scour conditions, the RNG k–ε turbulence scheme, FAVOR geometry representation, and the Van Rijn sediment transport formulation. Simulations were conducted for three pile spacing ratios (G/D = 2.5, 3, 3.5)  to evaluate the influence of pile number and spacing on scour depth and scour-hole morphology. The results show that scour decreases from  upstream to downstream piles due to sheltering, while central piles experience slightly deeper scour due to intensified flow interference. Increasing spacing reduces pile-to-pile interaction and leads to scour patterns resembling single-pile behavior. Overall, the numerical model reliably captures scour mechanisms and provides useful insights for safer pile-group design.
Front Matter (Cover, Editorial, Table of Content) Civil Engineering Dimension
Civil Engineering Dimension Vol. 28 No. 1 (2026): MARCH 2026
Publisher : Institute of Research and Community Outreach - Petra Christian University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

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