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PERKEMBANGAN KEBIJAKAN PEMBIAYAAN INFRASTRUKTUR TRANSPORTASI BERBASIS KERJASAMA PEMERINTAH SWASTA DI INDONESIA Susantono, Bambang; Ali Berawi, Mohammed
Jurnal Transportasi Vol 12, No 2 (2012)
Publisher : Jurnal Transportasi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (523.219 KB)

Transportation infrastructure development is one of the vital aspects needed to improve the economic growth of a country. In Indonesia, transportation infrastructure development in the next 15 years requires an estimated investment of IDR 1,785 trilion. This figure includes IDR 339 trilion investment for roads, IDR117 trilion for ports, IDR 32 trilion for airports, and IDR 326 trilion for railways. Public Private Partnership (PPP) approach is used in the infrastructure development program as an alternative to finance transportation infrastructure projects in Indonesia. This paper aims to discuss the historical development of PPP policy inIndonesia in an effort to create Value for Money in the infrastructure development projects. Furthermore, various studies on the key success factors of successful implementation of PPP schemes in other countries and the strategic action from Indonesian government to produce a range of policies that support the implementation of the PPP scheme since 1998-2012 are also discussed.Keywords: Public Private Partnership, transportation infrastructure, project financing.

PERKEMBANGAN KEBIJAKAN PEMBIAYAAN INFRASTRUKTUR TRANSPORTASI BERBASIS KERJASAMA PEMERINTAH SWASTA DI INDONESIA Susantono, Bambang; Ali Berawi, Mohammed
Jurnal Transportasi Vol 12, No 2 (2012)
Publisher : Jurnal Transportasi

Transportation infrastructure development is one of the vital aspects needed to improve the economic growth of a country. In Indonesia, transportation infrastructure development in the next 15 years requires an estimated investment of IDR 1,785 trilion. This figure includes IDR 339 trilion investment for roads, IDR117 trilion for ports, IDR 32 trilion for airports, and IDR 326 trilion for railways. Public Private Partnership (PPP) approach is used in the infrastructure development program as an alternative to finance transportation infrastructure projects in Indonesia. This paper aims to discuss the historical development of PPP policy inIndonesia in an effort to create Value for Money in the infrastructure development projects. Furthermore, various studies on the key success factors of successful implementation of PPP schemes in other countries and the strategic action from Indonesian government to produce a range of policies that support the implementation of the PPP scheme since 1998-2012 are also discussed.Keywords: Public Private Partnership, transportation infrastructure, project financing.

Risk Analysis on Conceptual Design of Soekarno – Hatta International Airport Rail Link Project Using Value Engineering Rahman, Herawati Z.; Berawi, Mohammed A; Susilowati, Suci I.; Miraj, Perdana; Petroceany, Jade S.
CSID Journal of Infrastructure Development Vol 1, No 1 (2015)
Publisher : Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32783/csid-jid.v1i1.12

The Soekarno-Hatta International Airport Rail Link (SHIARL) project is arguably one of the best solutions to reduce uncertainty in travel time and to improve accessibility to and from Soekarno-Hatta International Airport. Due to low feasibility assessments, the private sector is holding back on their investment for this mega project infrastructure; therefore, a comprehensive study is required to improve project return on investment attractiveness. This study mainly identifies major risks and mitigation strategies by combining Value Engineering (VE) and Risk Management (RM). Questionnaire surveys and risk analysis will be used to respond to the research objectives and the analysis will be presented in the methodology section. The VE process produces additional functions as the integration of the MRT line, the Flood Control Tunnel (PRASTI), the Rail Link and infrastructure utilities which are expected not only to solve transportation problems, but also flood control problems in Jakarta. On the other hand, the RM process points out route selection error as a major risk that has to be mitigated for a successful project.

Systematic Review of Value Engineering Research Studies In Indonesia Miraj, Perdana; Dofir, Ahmad; Andreas, Azaria; Berawi, Mohammed Ali; Abd Karim, Saipol Bari Bin
CSID Journal of Infrastructure Development Vol 2, No 2 (2019)
Publisher : Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32783/csid-jid.v2i2.93

Value engineering (VE) plays a significant role in improving project competitiveness and propose an alternative solution to create added value for a project. Despite well-adopted in various countries worldwide, VE development shows stagnant progress in Indonesia. This can be seen by number of project and publications involving VE in Indonesia. In fact, academics and researchers argued the concept will highly contribute to advocate the benefits of VE into the public and private project practice. The research aims to investigate publications affiliated with Indonesian institutions and recommend strategies for VE implementation in the country. This paper uses a systematic review by taking into account the database library for extraction. The result shows that academics and researcher from Indonesian institutions regularly publish their work in VE study. However, the number of publication in refereed journals is much less compared papers in proceedings. The findings suggest some strategies to increase the publication and how to be involved in project development in Indonesia.

Improving Logistics Distribution Through Transportation Infrastructure Development in Greater Jakarta Susantono, Bambang; Berawi, Mohammed A.; Miraj, Perdana; Petroceany, Jade S.
CSID Journal of Infrastructure Development Vol 1, No 1 (2015)
Publisher : Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32783/csid-jid.v1i1.13

The Greater Jakarta Industrial Area is the biggest contributor of Indonesia’s exported goods, hence logistics distribution from and to this area are becoming increasingly critical. Tanjung Priok Port and Soekarno-Hatta Airport are two transport systems that support this area’s logistics distribution. However, problems including overcapacity of Tanjung Priok Port and Soekarno-Hatta Airport, as well as dependency on roads to transport cargo, lead to decrease national logistics performance. This paper presents a transportation infrastructure development scenario to support the logistics and supply chains of the Greater Jakarta Industrial Area, which will eventually raise the national competitiveness level to compete in the global and regional markets. The scenario will be developed based on various data analyses, including Greater Jakarta’s logistics data, as well as infrastructure capacity and predicted demand. Meanwhile, the transportation infrastructure would include the development of multiple-ports, multiple-airports, as well as road and railway connectivity.

Adopting Digital Technologies into Urban Settings: Towards Smarter Cities and Better Quality of Life Berawi, Mohammed Ali; Miraj, Perdana; Sari, Mustika
CSID Journal of Infrastructure Development Vol 2, No 2 (2019)
Publisher : Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32783/csid-jid.v2i2.101

Major cities worldwide are now experiencing immense growth caused by rapid urbanization and industrialization over the past decades. Currently, more than half of the world’s population lives in the urban area and this number is projected to increase most likely to more than 65% by 2050. Nowadays, Asia has the highest number of urban dwellers, which subsequently followed by Europe and Africa. Back in 2000, Tokyo was the largest metropolitan area occupied by 37 million citizens, followed by New Delhi, Shanghai, Mexico City, and Sao Paulo. Other cities such as Cairo, Mumbai, Beijing, and Dhaka caught up with average inhabitants of around 20 million people. Urbanization has been recognized as the driver that has given a huge contribution that helps increase the economic development in urban cities on a global scale. Despite its positive influences for economic growth, urbanization has led to various urban challenges including but not limited to congestion, urban sprawl, environmental degradation, limited job opportunities, housing, and public safety.Along with the rise of information and communication technology (ICT) that is developing rapidly and disruptively in the past few years, traditional cities are changing by adopting the smart city concept aiming to address both its existing problems and future challenges. Even though there is no consensus yet among academics and policymakers about the definition of smart city concept, most of them agreed that smart city is a city development and management by considering the adoption of ICT in order to connect, monitor, and control various resources inside the city in an efficient and effective manner to optimize services for the people in performing their daily activities and to address the urban challenge. In general, a smart city should be seen more as an integrated system of sensors and processors integrated within the city’s infrastructure network rather than the employment of ICT specifically in a particular city domain. The concept of a smart city is currently presented as the solution to urban challenges by coming up with new innovations to solve the mounting problems faced by urban cities to make cities better connected and more efficient in terms of connection, coordination, usage of resources, resiliency and sustainability.

A Preliminary Framework for Expediting Energy Efficiency Retrofits (EERs) Using Alternative Financing in Indonesian Cities Bramono, Novi Triadi Iman; Kim, Amy; Berawi, Mohammed Ali
CSID Journal of Infrastructure Development Vol 2, No 1 (2019)
Publisher : Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32783/csid-jid.v2i1.36

Existing buildings have a huge opportunity in terms of energy and water savings potential in Indonesia. In Jakarta alone, it is estimated that least 90 percent of total buildings were built before 2014. The general perception of having a more energy-efficient existing building is associated with a higher upfront cost and how to finance it. To overcome these issues, incentives have been considered as one important pull factor to implement energy efficiency retrofits (EERs). To identify types of incentive that might work in Indonesia city context, it is important to develop a framework that can be adopted nationally. This research aims to identify the key factors that can be integrated into the framework. To do that, an extensive electronic literature review, added with archival study and case studies analysis using Jakarta as a model for Indonesian cities in implementing green building code. A comprehensive analysis of favorable policy, existing building stock data, study on possible incentive mechanism and added with case studies are presented. From the analysis, it is concluded existing supporting policy, potential energy savings from existing building stock and local capacity are equally important factors. It is expected that these findings will be utilized as the key factors for developing a framework on expediting EERs to be adopted in Indonesia cities, which is an important key to untap the potential energy savings from existing building stock.

The Role of Digital Technologies In Shaping Sustainable and Smarter Cities Berawi, Mohammed Ali; Miraj, Perdana; Sari, Mustika
CSID Journal of Infrastructure Development Vol 3, No 1 (2020)
Publisher : Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32783/csid-jid.v3i1.125

Digitalization has proven to be important in shaping cities towards more effective and efficient in terms of planning, management, and development. Digitalization that is taking place extensively right now has revolutionized the business ecosystem and changed the value chain process in many industries. It offers various enthralling opportunities yielded by the applications of technologies and intelligent systems to provide smart solutions to urban challenges. The effect of digitalization encouraged innovation by taking into account a physical-digital collaboration among related parties within the urban context and beyond. In a broader context, digital technologies have also played a significant role in accelerating access to more data and knowledge. It further fosters the accountability of institutions, stimulates the efficiency of science, and promotes more innovation opportunities in many sectors. Digital technologies supported by data are used in the development of smart cities to solve problems and make better decisions to achieve a higher urban quality of life. A smart city is an integrated system of six components, which consist of smart people, smart living, smart mobility, smart environment, smart economy, and smart governance; the smartness of which can be enhanced by the utilization of several crucial technologies including information and communication technology (ICT), Internet of Things (IoT), sensor technology, geospatial technology, Artificial Intelligence (AI), and Blockchain.

Accelerating Infrastructure Development In Post-Pandemic Era Berawi, Mohammed; Miraj, Perdana; Sari, Mustika
CSID Journal of Infrastructure Development Vol 3, No 2 (2020)
Publisher : Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32783/csid-jid.v3i2.188

COVID-19 outbreak has contributed a negative effect on the infrastructure sector worldwide. Infrastructure projects need to shut down and put on hold for an unspecified time, as this sector required a high number of workers prone to the virus transmissions. However, the degree of slowdown between countries varies and depends on the severity of pandemic and lockdown conditions. Many countries are having a slowdown in economic growth. This condition has greatly affected the supply and demand sides, making it difficult to predict recovery timelines of on-going and future project development.In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, many governments worldwide launched stimulus plans to recover their economies. The severe impacts of the outbreak need to be addressed through international cooperation. During the pandemic and recession, government expenditure is crucial to driving the economy. Infrastructure projects have been argued as a way to accelerate economic recovery, considering the infrastructure industry is absorbing many workers and driving other supply chain industrial sectors. Therefore, green investment in renewable energy, clean transportation, advanced technologies, and other low-carbon infrastructure projects can stimulate the economy during pandemics and recession.Despite playing a pivotal role in coping with current challenges, not all countries have financial freedom and supporting policies enabling them to invest in infrastructure heavily. Therefore, these countries must prioritize projects that significantly boost income per capita, livelihood improvement, and employment opportunities, particularly for mid to lower-income households. The government is encouraged to pursue the construction of social infrastructures such as healthcare, education, public facilities, and transportation. This attempt is expected to facilitate quick recovery from the pandemic and maintain public services.Most stakeholders associated with the infrastructure sector that suffered from the crisis attempted to create a roadmap, quick wins, and strategic actions to prepare challenges they might face for the next normal. Related stakeholders are highly encouraged to consider digital technology adoption, supply chain redistribution of products and materials, resource allocation of company assets and portfolio, organization restructuring, identification of alternative market opportunities, and collaboration with other parties, including the government, to rebuild the industry. These actions aim to maintain businesses from a growing debt and high-cost recovery during the pandemic.Remote working has catapulted the need to utilize technology further to accelerate infrastructure development and gain maximum benefits for participated stakeholders. The fourth Industrial Revolution (Industry 4.0) enables automation and data exchange within a cyber-system. Digital transformation through big data, machine learning, cloud computing, and other artificial intelligence domain has facilitated real-time working condition between office and site. Advanced technologies also offer a vast potential to improve project performance and increase construction workers' productivity compared to the business as usual approach. We believe that the pandemic urged the utilization of a robust technological innovation in developing infrastructure projects in the post-pandemic era.

Fostering Infrastructure Development Aligned With Sustainable Development Goals Berawi, Mohammed Ali; Sari, Mustika; Miraj, Perdana
CSID Journal of Infrastructure Development Vol 4, No 1 (2021)
Publisher : Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32783/csid-jid.v4i1.236

Infrastructure development plays a crucial role in accelerating the sustainable economic growth and development of a country. The increased provision of public infrastructure can help raise the GDP growth level by lowering production costs, enlarging markets, raising total factor productivity,and facilitating economic activities. Furthermore, infrastructure helps improve the living standards of the people by providing jobs and building the local suppliers' and developers’ capabilities, which contribute to reducing poverty and improving development outcomes.On the other hand, infrastructure is also crucial and lies at the core of efforts to achieve sustainable development. It encompasses many aspects of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), such as health, education, access to energy, as well as clean water and sanitation. The infrastructure improvement is implied in most of the targets of SDGs. The importance of infrastructure must take the sustainable development dimension into account; hence greater efficiencies can be obtained to achieve SDGs successfully.Despite its potential benefits, infrastructure development that is poorly planned, implemented, or operated brings negative consequences for the society, which is escalated by an overrun budget and ineffective usage. Therefore, an infrastructure system must be developed to meet sustainability needs. Sustainability in infrastructure can be comprehended as how the attributes of the practices, products, services, and resources used in the infrastructure development can contribute to the continuation of ecosystem components and functions for generations in the future. Infrastructure projects must deliver better value by going hand-in-hand with sustainability, projecting its benefits and costs towards both the short-term goals and long-term implications.In order to be aligned with the dimension of sustainability, infrastructure needs to consider the economic, social, and environmental aspects. In terms of the economic aspect, infrastructure development should contribute to overall growth by supporting inclusivity, boosting productivity, and delivering accessible and affordable services. In terms of the social aspect, infrastructure is supposed to improve livelihoods, enhance human well-being, and remove poverty in all forms. Lastly, in terms of environmental aspects, the development of infrastructure should preserve the natural environment, ecosystems, and the biodiversity within by supporting the use of high-energy efficiency standards and promoting the resource-efficient approach contributing to reducing overall carbon emissions during its lifecycle.As sustainable infrastructure becomes a cornerstone to achieving the SDGs; therefore, the long-term vision for developing a national infrastructure system informed by SDGs should be ensured. We argue that these visions can be delivered by establishing adaptable plans that include implementing low-carbon solutions and resource-efficient, ecologically based, and energy-efficient technologies.

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