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INDONESIA
Civil Engineering Journal
Published by C.E.J Publishing Group
ISSN : 24763055     EISSN : 24763055     DOI : -
Core Subject : Engineering,
Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture
Civil Engineering Journal is a multidisciplinary, an open-access, internationally double-blind peer -reviewed journal concerned with all aspects of civil engineering, which include but are not necessarily restricted to: Building Materials and Structures, Coastal and Harbor Engineering, Constructions Technology, Constructions Management, Road and Bridge Engineering, Renovation of Buildings, Earthquake Engineering, Environmental Engineering, Geotechnical Engineering, Highway Engineering, Hydraulic and Hydraulic Structures, Structural Engineering, Surveying and Geo-Spatial Engineering, Transportation Engineering, Tunnel Engineering, Urban Engineering and Economy, Water Resources Engineering, Urban Drainage.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 1,848 Documents
 110   111   112   113   114 
Characteristics of Foamed Concrete Containing Ultra-fine Drift Sand of the Yangtze River Fares Ali Al-Sairafi; Chaohua Jiang; Wang XinXin; Hussein Yousif Aziz
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 8, No 8 (2022): August
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2022-08-08-013

Abstract

The primary goal of this study was to evaluate the use of Ultra-fine Drift Sand from the Yangtze River (China) in place of natural sand in the production of foamed concrete. The experimental design included factors with varying levels: the proportion of Ultra-fine Drift Sand at four levels (0 percent, 30%, 60%, and 100%). Ultra-fine Drift Sand was substituted in proportion to the mass of material. Each factor's effect on compressive strength, density (dry and saturated), air voids, and water absorption was assessed. According to the results, all factors had significant findings. The compressive strength of concrete increased due to an increase in curing time; fly ash content up to 30%; increasing the percent of Yangzi river sand; and decreasing slag. The mixture of 10% SF (Silica Fume), 24% FA (Fly Ash) and 100% YS (Yangzi soil) gives the enhanced results in concrete strength, by which it reaches about 7 MPa compared with other findings. The remaining percentages of mixing benefit compression strength results. This method of treatment provides an economical way through providing a cheap material that enhances the mechanical properties of concrete, provides a light weight concrete, and a good isolator material to improve the building's thermal insulation to reduce ecological problems and save energy. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2022-08-08-013 Full Text: PDF
Effect of Different Types of Bracing System and Shear Wall on the Seismic Response of RC Buildings Resting on Sloped Terrain M. Y. Laissy
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 8, No 9 (2022): September
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2022-08-09-014

Abstract

Several factors have been affecting the urban design areas, leading to the construction of reinforced concrete (RC) buildings. Buildings on sloped terrains have been gaining increased popularity, especially from architectural peers. The vulnerability of constructions to seismic loads on sloped terrains increases due to mass and vertical irregularity, which in turn increases the torsional moments as well as shear forces. To control the effect of the seismic loads, many systems have been implemented, including shear walls and bracing systems. The objective of this work is to evaluate the effects of different strengthening systems and to identify the most suitable one for seismic load resistance. This paper studies the behavior of buildings with different strengthening systems applied to seismic loads using ETABS V18.1 and response spectrum analysis. A parametric study for these buildings has been performed to evaluate the effect of seismic loads on them. A dynamic analysis of the buildings in terms of shear forces, displacement, drift, fundamental time period, base shear, and story stiffness was carried out. The results demonstrated that the use of a combined strengthening system increased the stiffness and stability of the models and the resistance of RC buildings to seismic loads on sloped terrains. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2022-08-09-014 Full Text: PDF
Predictive Models to Evaluate the Interaction Effect of Soil-Tunnel Interaction Parameters on Surface and Subsurface Settlement Samar Ali Hassan; Stanley Muse Shitote; Joseph Ng'ang'a Thuo; Dennis Cheruiyot Kiplangat
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 8, No 11 (2022): November
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2022-08-11-05

Abstract

Nowadays, the need for subway tunnels has increased considerably with urbanization and population growth in order to facilitate movements. In urban areas, subway tunnels are excavated in shallow depths under densely populated areas and soft ground. Its associated hazards include poor ground conditions and surface settlement induced by tunneling. Various sophisticated variables influence the settlement of the ground surface caused by tunneling. The shield machine's operational parameters are critical due to the complexity of shield-soil interactions, tunnel geometry, and local geological parameters. Since all elements appear to have some effect on tunneling-induced settlement, none stand out as particularly significant; it might be challenging to identify the most important ones. This paper presents a new model of an artificial neural network (ANN) based on the partial dependency approach (PDA) to optimize the lack of explainability of ANN models and evaluate the sensitivity of the model response to tunneling parameters for the prediction of ground surface and subsurface settlement. For this purpose, 239 and 104 points for monitoring surface and subsurface settlement, respectively, were obtained from line Y, the west bond of Crossrail tunnels in London. The parameters of the ground surface, the trough, and the tunnel boring machine (TBM) were used to categorize the 12 potential input parameters that could impact the maximum settlement induced by tunneling. An ANN model and a standard statistical model of multiple linear regression (MLR) were also used to show the capabilities of the ANN model based on PDA in displaying the parameter's interaction impact. Performance indicators such as the correlation coefficient (R2), root mean square error (RMSE), and t-test were generated to measure the prediction performance of the described models. According to the results, geotechnical engineers in general practice should attend closely to index properties to reduce the geotechnical risks related to tunneling-induced ground settlement. The results revealed that the interaction of two parameters that have different effects on the target parameter could change the overall impact of the entire model. Remarkably, the interaction between tunneling parameters was observed more precisely in the subsurface zone than in the surface zone. The comparison results also indicated that the proposed PDA-ANN model is more reliable than the ANN and MLR models in presenting the parameter interaction impact. It can be further applied to establish multivariate models that consider multiple parameters in a single model, better capturing the correlation among different parameters, leading to more realistic demand and reliable ground settlement assessments. This study will benefit underground excavation projects; the experts could make recommendations on the criteria for settlement control and controlling the tunneling parameters based on predicted results. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2022-08-11-05 Full Text: PDF
Constrained K-means and Genetic Algorithm-based Approaches for Optimal Placement of Wireless Structural Health Monitoring Sensors Shih-Lin Hung; Ching-Yun Kao; Jyun-Wei Huang
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 8, No 12 (2022): December
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2022-08-12-01

Abstract

Optimal placement of wireless structural health monitoring (SHM) sensors has to consider modal identification accuracy and power efficiency. In this study, two-tier wireless sensor network (WSN)-based SHM systems with clusters of sensors are investigated to overcome this difficulty. Each cluster contains a number of sensor nodes and a cluster head (CH). The lower tier is composed of sensors communicating with their associated CHs, and the upper tier is composed of the network of CHs. The first step is the optimal placement of sensors in the lower tier via the effective independence method by considering the modal identification accuracy. The second step is the optimal placement of CHs in the upper tier by considering power efficiency. The sensors in the lower tier are partitioned into clusters before determining the optimal locations of CHs in the upper tier. Two approaches, a constrained K-means clustering approach and a genetic algorithm (GA)-based clustering approach, are proposed in this study to cluster sensors in the lower tier by considering two constraints: (1) the maximum data transmission distance of each sensor; (2) the maximum number of sensors in each cluster. Given that each CH can only manage a limited number of sensors, these constraints should be considered in practice to avoid overload of CHs. The CHs in the upper tier are located at the centers of the clusters determined after clustering sensors in the lower tier. The two proposed approaches aim to construct a balanced size of clusters by minimizing the number of clusters (or CHs) and the total sum of the squared distance between each sensor and its associated CH under the two constraints. Accordingly, the energy consumption in each cluster is decreased and balanced, and the network lifetime is extended. A numerical example is studied to demonstrate the feasibility of using the two proposed clustering approaches for sensor clustering in WSN-based SHM systems. In this example, the performances of the two proposed clustering approaches and the K-means clustering method are also compared. The two proposed clustering approaches outperform the K-means clustering method in terms of constructing balanced size of clusters for a small number of clusters. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2022-08-12-01 Full Text: PDF
Integration of Renewable Energies in Mobile Employment Promotion Units for Rural Populations A. Laabid; A. Saad; M. Mazouz
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 8, No 7 (2022): July
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2022-08-07-07

Abstract

The article aims to analyze, evaluate, and improve solutions for the integration of hybrid energy sources (Solar Photovoltaic PV/Batteries/Diesel Generator (DG)) in mobile service units (MSU), designed to provide services to rural populations (drug delivery, vaccination, training, employment promotion, bank, laboratory, etc.). The first objective is to evaluate the performance of two already deployed photovoltaic systems installed on the roofs of trucks, with respective powers of 2.12 and 3.54 kWp. Solar production, consumption, and SOC (State of Charge) of batteries are collected and analyzed. We modelled the energy conversion chain and simulated its behavior on all days of the year. Simulated results are then compared to the on-site measurements. Several association scenarios (PV/batteries) are then studied to propose the optimal combination, taking into account the surface offered for the installation of the PV modules (roof of the truck), the weight, and the lifespan of the batteries. The developed and deployed solution proposes more advantageous association scenarios (PV/Storage), and reduces the time of recourse to the DG. From this perspective, we simulated the operation of the hybrid system for the three battery capacities: 40,000, 31,680, and 19,200 Wh (~1667, 1320, and 800 Ah). The results reveal that the uncaptured energy for a 3540 Wp field is five times greater than that of a 2120 Wp field. On the other hand, the number of battery charge/discharge cycles is divided by ten. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2022-08-07-07 Full Text: PDF
Performance of Mortar Incorporating Heat-Treated Drinking Water Treatment Sludge as a Silica-Sand Replacement Mohammad Al-Rawashdeh; Ahmed Alzoubi; Shadi Hanandeh; Isam Yousef; Mohammad Al-Nawaiseh
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 8, No 8 (2022): August
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2022-08-08-08

Abstract

This paper examines the possibility of using water purification wastes in the production of mortar. Within the study context, XRD and XRF analyses were performed to obtain the chemical composition of sludge. Moreover, heat-treated sludge at a temperature of 900ºC was used in the preparation of mortar mixes as a partial sand replacement (5, 10, 15, and 20% by sand weight) with a w/c of 0.48. Fresh mortars were tested for workability, and mortar samples with 7, 28, and 90 days curing ages were tested for dry density, absorption, ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV), and compressive and flexural strengths. Besides, some regression modeling was conducted for each of the measured parameters. In general, the results showed that the use of up to 10% incinerated sludge by sand weight leads to a slight decrease in the workability and density of the mixture and a 10% increase in its strength. Nevertheless, mortars with sludge content of over 10% showed a significant increase in water absorption and a decrease in strength and other properties. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2022-08-08-08 Full Text: PDF
Parametric Study of a Soil Erosion Control Technique: Concrete Lozenges Channels Latifa El Bouanani; Khadija Baba; Ghizlane Ardouz; Fatima Ezzahraa Latifi
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 8, No 9 (2022): September
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2022-08-09-09

Abstract

A new technique, "the concrete lozenges channels" is described in this paper. It is an erosion control measure to attenuate the water soil loss quantity to a tolerable level. These are open inclined channels that form lozenges on the slope. In fact, they drain rainfall, runoff, and sediments alongside the slope into the ditch. Using the RUSLE erosion model for erosion assessment, the parameters that had the most influence on the percentage decrease of the soil erodibility are discussed. A comparison between techniques already used, that is, the concrete arches and the concrete lozenge channels proposed in this paper, makes it possible to mention the shortcomings and the strengths of each technique. In fact, the percentage decrease in erosion soil loss is about 42% for 2 arches and is about 49% for 2 lozenges. If the number of channels present on the slope increases, the area exposed to erosion decreases. By comparing the study case, the exposed area for one lozenge is less by 39% to 68% than the exposed area for one arch. The total perimeter lengths are comparable. In this article, a parametric study is undertaken to define the optimum dimensions and optimum number of concrete inclined channels. The ditch section and the inclined channel section are determining factors in the lozenge sizing. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2022-08-09-09 Full Text: PDF
The Implementation of Smart Mobility for Smart Cities: A Case Study in Qatar Shahram Tahmasseby
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 8, No 10 (2022): October
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2022-08-10-09

Abstract

This paper contributes to building a systematic view of the mobility characteristics of smart cities by reviewing the lessons learned from the best practices implemented around the world. The main features of smart cities, such as smart homes, smart infrastructure, smart operations, smart services, smart utilities, smart energy, smart governance, smart lifestyle, smart business, and smart mobility in North America, Asia, and Europe are briefly reviewed. The study predominantly focuses on smart mobility features and their implications in newly built smart cities. As a case study, the modern city of Lusail located in the north of Doha, Qatar is considered. The provision of car park management and guidance, real-time traffic signal control, traffic information system, active-modes arrangement in promenade and busy urban avenues, LRT, buses, taxis, and water taxis information system, and multimodal journey planning facilities in the Lusail smart city is discussed in this study. Consequently, the implications of smart mobility features on adopting Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) will be studied. The study demonstrates that the implementation of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) when supported by Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS), could result in making the most efficient use of existing transportation infrastructure and consequently improve the safety and security, mobility, and the environment in urban areas. The findings of this study could be considered an initial step in the implementation of Mobility-as-a-Service (MaaS) in cities with advanced public transportation such as Doha, the capital of Qatar. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2022-08-10-09 Full Text: PDF
A Highly Sustainable Timber-Cork Modular System for Lightweight Temporary Housing Francesco Barreca; Natale Arcuri; Giuseppe D. Cardinali; Salvatore Di Fazio; Antonino Rollo; Viviana Tirella
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 8, No 10 (2022): October
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2022-08-10-020

Abstract

In recent years, global society has been subjected to great change due to unpredictable events such as pandemics, migrant flow, urban homeless, wars, and natural disasters. There has been an increased demand for fast and easily constructed buildings characterized by limited space and used for a limited time, modular and flexible self-assembly homes that are reusable without compromising comfort and environmental sustainability. A highly sustainable timber-cork modular system for lightweight temporary housing (LTH) is proposed in this paper. The structure of the proposed LTH was designed as a succession of modular timber portal frames composed of spruce boards hinged together. The concept of the prototype was a full modular shelter. It was possible to interchange every piece of the building, the structural elements, and the walls with each other. Due to the modularity of the elements of which the shelter was composed, this system could offer different solutions to the events above. The proposed LTH was analyzed in terms of its structural, thermal, and environmental performance. The structural system is very reminiscent of the platform frame, characterized by a light load-bearing frame consisting of solid timber uprights and crosspieces connected to the internal frame by means of a mechanical connection. The structural FEM analysis highlighted the structure’s capacity to withstand wind with a velocity of 72 m·s-1, corresponding to the F3 of the enhanced Fujita Scale (EF Scale) of tornado damage intensity. The thermal analysis highlighted a yearly energy use of 430.49 kWh to maintain a set-point temperature indoors of 20-26°C compared with a yearly energy use of 625.93 kWh for a common container house (CH) with the same dimensions under the same environmental conditions. Finally, a Life Cycle Analysis comparison between the proposed LTH and the CH was carried out by means of the One Click LCA software. Two different scenarios of service life were considered: one of 10 years and the other of 5 years. The results highlighted the higher sustainability of the proposed LTH than that of the CH for the required service life (Req SL) period. In particular, the calculated greenhouse gas emissions of the LTH (3.52ž103 kgCO2 eq) were less than 1/2 of the gas emissions of the CH (8.53ž103) for a Req SL of 10 years and about 1/3 for a Req SL of 5 years. Furthermore, the LTH showed a value of biogenic carbon storage (7.76E2 kgCO2) about 6 times bigger than the temporary house container (1.31E2 kgCO2). Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2022-08-10-020 Full Text: PDF
Synthesis of Volcanic Ash-based Geopolymer Mortar Designed by the Taguchi Method Rahmi Karolina; Johannes Tarigan; M. A. Megat Johari; M. J. A. Mijarsh; Harianto Hardjasaputra
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 8, No 11 (2022): November
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2022-08-11-016

Abstract

This study focuses on the geopolymer synthesized from Mount Sinabung’s volcanic ash. The compressive strength of the geopolymer was determined by optimizing five factors using the Taguchi method’s L16 array. The five factors included: volcanic ash wt.%, Sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) wt.%, Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) concentration (mole), Na2SiO3/NaOH wt.% and water/binder (w/b) wt.%. A total of 16 mixtures were prepared per the L16 array and evaluated on five levels to obtain the optimum mixture. The main findings of this study revealed that A2B1C2D3E4 produced the highest compressive strength of 79.625 MPa after three days of curing time, while A4B2C3D1E4 produced the lowest compressive strength of 41.93 MPa. The signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio analysis from the Taguchi method shows that the factor of Na2SiO3 has a greater impact on compressive strength. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) result for the geopolymer mortar revealed the formation of aluminosilicate type (N-A-S-H) and calcium silicate (C-S-H) gels, whereas the Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) result exhibited numerous pores and a denser structure. These characterization results demonstrated that the polymerization of volcanic ash mortar from Sinabung successfully conserves natural resources. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2022-08-11-016 Full Text: PDF

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