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INDONESIA
Civil Engineering Journal
Published by C.E.J Publishing Group
ISSN : 24763055     EISSN : 24763055     DOI : -
Core Subject : Engineering,
Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture
Civil Engineering Journal is a multidisciplinary, an open-access, internationally double-blind peer -reviewed journal concerned with all aspects of civil engineering, which include but are not necessarily restricted to: Building Materials and Structures, Coastal and Harbor Engineering, Constructions Technology, Constructions Management, Road and Bridge Engineering, Renovation of Buildings, Earthquake Engineering, Environmental Engineering, Geotechnical Engineering, Highway Engineering, Hydraulic and Hydraulic Structures, Structural Engineering, Surveying and Geo-Spatial Engineering, Transportation Engineering, Tunnel Engineering, Urban Engineering and Economy, Water Resources Engineering, Urban Drainage.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 1,923 Documents
 189   190   191   192   193 
Integrating Sustainability Index Into Local Road Construction: A Strategic Approach to Sustainable Construction Management Handayani, Fajar Sri; Sangadji, Senot
Civil Engineering Journal Vol. 12 No. 3 (2026): March
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2026-012-03-019

Abstract

The sustainability of local road construction projects plays a critical role in the achievement of long-term environmental, social, and economic development goals. This study aimed to assess the sustainability level of local road construction projects using a structured sustainability index. The research employed a mixed-methods approach, combining a comprehensive literature review, stakeholder engagement, and the Delphi technique to determine relevant sustainability indicators and assign appropriate weightings. The sustainability index was tested and validated by means of an expert evaluation and pilot application in selected local road projects. The findings indicate that environmental aspects tend to receive higher priority compared to social and economic aspects, mainly due to the increasing global emphasis on climate change and resource conservation. However, the study also highlights the importance of integrating social equity and local economic benefits to achieve a balanced sustainable development. The novelty of this research lies in its structured index framework tailored specifically for local road projects, supported by multi-stakeholder consensus, and its potential application in infrastructure planning and public procurement processes. This study contributes to the limited body of knowledge regarding sustainability assessments in local infrastructure development, especially in developing regions. The developed index offers a practical tool for local governments and stakeholders to incorporate sustainability principles into decision-making processes.
Evaluating Micro-Crack Propagation in Concrete Under Freeze-Thaw Cycles Using a Multi-Frequency Ultrasonic Approach Fartosy, Sabah H.; Kohees, Mithaq; Mohammed Ali, Zubaidah A.; Faleeh, Jinan M.; Hassan, Salah
Civil Engineering Journal Vol. 12 No. 3 (2026): March
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2026-012-03-017

Abstract

Concrete is a widely used construction material that degrades over time for various reasons, meaning an integrity assessment is necessary for concrete to ensure it performs as expected for design requirements. This research employs velocity and attenuation of ultrasonic wave propagation to evaluate the development of micro-cracking in a concrete medium subjected to freezing and thawing. Four concrete cylinder samples were cast from an air-entrained admixture with various percentages of aggregate. Conventional Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity (UPV) testing was performed with three pairs of transducers (54 kHz, 250 kHz, and 500 kHz) on the specimens undergoing temperature cycling. Two methods of comparative analysis evaluated the relationship between inherent characteristics of the propagated waves and the induced development of cracks in the specimens. Results from the comparative analyses indicate that transducer frequency plays an important role in the accuracy and specificity of non-destructive testing (NDT) assessments. 54 kHz provides a more generic assessment of macro-scale deterioration; however, higher frequencies, and specifically 500 kHz, provide a level of detail that renders optimal air-entrained percentages distinguishable and freeze-thaw tested concrete's internal cracking development discernible with greater certainty. These results strongly support NDT testing of concrete for durability considerations with advanced blends in cold exposure regions. Such varying frequencies allow concrete stakeholders to appreciate global trends in addition to localized damage attributes for effective assessments of material capability and service life predictions.
Leveraging Artificial Intelligence for Comprehensive Analysis of Community and Rural Aqueduct Systems Salazar-Gámez, L.; Ojeda-Ocaña, R.; Rosero-Lombana, P.; Calpa-Villarreal, J.; Chañag-Checa, S.; Insuasty-Enriquez, J.; Cerón-Rosales, A.; Garzón, T.
Civil Engineering Journal Vol. 12 No. 3 (2026): March
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2026-012-03-03

Abstract

This interdisciplinary study presents a comprehensive evaluation of fourteen community-managed rural aqueduct systems in Pasto, Colombia, integrating technical, environmental, administrative-financial, and psychosocial dimensions. The research employs a mixed-methods approach, incorporating both structured and unstructured data. These data are analyzed through Exploratory Data Analysis, dimensionality reduction techniques, and generative artificial intelligence (AI) tools. The methodology employed is anchored in the framework of Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM), a multifaceted approach to managing water resources. This framework facilitates a nuanced understanding of the sustainability challenges and management practices that characterize decentralized rural water supply systems. The findings of the study indicate that while technical variables are predominantly structured and quantifiable, psychosocial dimensions rely heavily on unstructured, qualitative data. Preliminary technical analysis indicated that while water sources generally exceed current demand, treatment coverage is limited, and none of the systems meet potable water standards. A thorough review of the environmental assessments yielded several key findings. First, there were notable deficiencies in source protection, planning, and regulatory compliance. Second, while there was some progress in administrative components, digital and labor formalization remained critical gaps. The psychosocial results indicated a high level of community commitment; however, they also revealed limited participation, weak leadership legitimacy, and persistent institutional distrust. AI-enhanced text mining and sentiment analysis facilitated the clustering of aqueducts into distinct management profiles, revealing divergent emphases between technical operations and administrative-social performance. Overall, the study demonstrates the value of AI-supported diagnostics for community water systems and recommends integrating participatory methodologies and adaptive public policies to foster equitable, resilient, and sustainable rural water governance.
Assessment of Soil Resilient Modulus Under Cyclic Loading Using Cyclic CBR Test Equipment Ševelová, Lenka; Florian, Aleš; Žák, Jaroslav
Civil Engineering Journal Vol. 12 No. 3 (2026): March
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2026-012-03-012

Abstract

Soil materials and road pavement construction materials are subjected to dynamic and repetitive loading of different intensity from vehicle traffic. To account for the cyclic nature of material loading and its non-linear behavior, the concept of the resilient modulus has been adopted. It is a fundamental property of unbound pavement materials, as it quantifies the stiffness of the material under repeated loading. Its real value depends on the actual material parameters—e.g., maximum dry density, moisture content, compaction method, and the number and magnitude of repeated loads—and on the state of stress of the actual pavement structure. The resilient modulus value is therefore not constant for a given material type but varies over a certain interval depending on the above-mentioned parameters and the actual test conditions. Therefore, the method of determining the resilient modulus must take into account all the above factors. The standard method for resilient modulus determination is the cyclic triaxial test, but the cyclic CBR test procedure is also used. It uses standard California Bearing Ratio (CBR) test equipment, and thus it is a very simple and very economical testing method. In the presented paper, the influence of loading force and number of loading cycles on the deformation characteristic and resilient modulus of the analyzed soil is investigated. A total of 72 soil specimens are tested at two different levels of loading force and six different numbers of loading cycles. The obtained results confirm that the resilience modulus increases with increasing loading force value and with increasing number of loading cycles. For the soil analyzed, the resilient modulus ranges in the interval 31-83 MPa.
Sustainable Pavement Design: Synergistic Effects of Buton Rock Asphalt and Recycled PET on Asphalt Performance Nawir, Daud; Mansur, Achmad Z.
Civil Engineering Journal Vol. 12 No. 3 (2026): March
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2026-012-03-015

Abstract

This study presents a comprehensive investigation into the synergistic effects of Buton Rock Asphalt (BRA) and Powdered Bottle Flakes (PBF) as sustainable modifiers for asphalt concrete mixtures. Employing a rigorous factorial experimental design, we tested 12 distinct combinations of BRA and PBF, with the Optimum Asphalt Content (OAC) consistently determined to be 5.5%. Results from Marshall testing demonstrated that incorporating these two materials significantly enhanced the mixture's stability and stiffness. These findings were further corroborated by advanced durability tests, which confirmed exceptional performance, with a Retained Stability Index (RSI) exceeding 80% and minimal mass loss in the Cantabro test. The improved performance is attributed to the strong synergy between the hard bitumen from BRA and the polymeric matrix formed by PBF. This combination not only effectively reduced Voids in the Mix (VIM), resulting in a denser structure, but also exhibited superior resistance to permanent deformation. However, our analysis identified a critical trade-off: using the highest proportions of these modifiers may produce overly stiff mixtures, potentially increasing the risk of cracking. Overall, this research confirms that the BRA-PBF combination is a highly effective and sustainable solution for enhancing the mechanical performance and durability of road pavements. It provides a robust scientific foundation for developing a balanced mixture design that achieves optimal long-term performance.
Effect of Spatial Variability of Soil Shear Strength on the Displacement of an Axially Loaded Pile Le, Dung Van; Nguyen, Kien Trung
Civil Engineering Journal Vol. 12 No. 3 (2026): March
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2026-012-03-02

Abstract

This manuscript studies the influence of spatial heterogeneity in soil effective cohesion c' on the displacement of an axially loaded pile under static compression. The Monte Carlo method was used to perform statistical evaluation, while the K-Means clustering technique was employed to reduce the necessary number of simulations without compromising the accuracy and reliability of the analysis results. In this study, a two-dimensional correlated random field of c' was generated using the spectral method, assuming a Gaussian distribution with a coefficient of variation of 10%. The spatial correlation lengths of the scaled model were set to 80 mm and 19.4 mm in the horizontal and vertical directions, respectively. The static pile loading process was simulated using the finite element method implemented in the commercial software PLAXIS, with six loading stages ranging from 20 N to 120 N. The influence of soil effective cohesion randomness on pile displacements was evaluated based on statistical data obtained from the numerical simulation of 1000 realizations of random fields. The generated correlated random fields were verified to follow a normal distribution. Meanwhile, the pile displacements at different loading levels tend to follow normal distribution as well, except at the 40 N loading stage, where a deviation from normality was observed. Compared with the homogeneous soil model with a mean value of c', up to 63% of the simulation cases exhibit pile displacement exceeding the allowable limit. Moreover, the effectiveness of the K-means clustering technique in reducing the number of required realizations, and thus the computational workload, was evaluated. The pile displacement results show that when the number of representative clusters reaches 100 or more, the subset data cover more than 98.2% of the full data set, i.e., data from 1000 realizations.
Sinus Optimization Method for Multi Reservoir Operation by Using Multipurpose Simulation Model Ahmadi, Yudha T.; Sholichin, Moh.; Limantara, Lily M.; Asmaranto, Runi
Civil Engineering Journal Vol. 12 No. 3 (2026): March
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2026-012-03-011

Abstract

This research intends to apply the multiplication sinus method to optimize two parallel reservoirs, namely the Tugu and Bagong reservoirs, in order to increase the efficiency of multipurpose water resource utilization for irrigation, raw water supply, micro-hydro electrical power (PLTMH), and flood control. The methodology consists of optimizing water allocation during low-flow conditions for the two parallel reservoirs with multiple purposes. For irrigation, the multiplication sinus method is used, while the other purposes are optimized using a simulation model with the objective function of maximizing the net benefit. Meanwhile, flood control under high-flow conditions is addressed through simulation by optimizing gate openings. The results show that the strategy of valve opening at the initial stage of a flood event significantly reduces the volume of flood storage required. This makes it possible to increase the reservoir water level, thereby directly increasing the potential of water energy without exceeding the river channel capacity downstream. Specifically, in the Tugu reservoir, flood storage is reduced from 1.8 million m³ to 1.3 million m³, with a peak discharge of 124.5 m³/s, which remains below the downstream river capacity (approximately 125 m³/s). Meanwhile, in the Bagong reservoir, flood storage can be reduced from 5.2 million m³ to 4.3 million m³, with a peak discharge of 41.9 m³/s, which is still safe and below the river capacity (approximately 44 m³/s). This efficiency proves that coordinated flood management between two parallel reservoirs can be carried out without sacrificing other interests. From the economic benefit perspective, the annual total value generated by the Tugu reservoir reaches a maximum of Rp. 136 milliard and a minimum of Rp. 117 milliards, with the main contribution coming from irrigation water supply. Likewise, the Bagong reservoir produces the highest annual benefit of Rp. 93.5 milliard and the lowest of Rp. 83.7 milliard, which comes entirely from irrigation.
Assessment of Semi-Indoor Thermal Efficiency on Adaptive Comfort for Senior Buildings Using 3D MRT Simulation Panraluk, Chorpech; Changnawa, Thanasarn; Shreshthaputra, Atch
Civil Engineering Journal Vol. 12 No. 3 (2026): March
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2026-012-03-014

Abstract

Adaptive comfort is a significant element in sustainable building development in hot, humid climates. The study aimed to analyze adaptive comfort in the free-running spaces of senior health and community buildings in Thailand, and propose guidelines for improving these buildings using an adaptive comfort approach. The environmental data from the automatic weather system were employed and calibrated to measure data from field surveys. Utilizing the CBE 3D Mean Radiant Temperature (MRT) Tool software for analysis and preparing data to calculate operative temperature, which was compared in ASHRAE and Southeast Asia adaptive comfort models, the study determined design and material spec modifications in three buildings for development guidelines. The findings revealed that the existing conditions of all buildings were unacceptable by nearly 20% in the rainy season and 50% in the hot season. Thermal acceptability was higher than the ASHRAE adaptive comfort model when estimated via the Southeast Asia adaptive comfort model. In these buildings, two naturally ventilated spaces did not have roof insulation, and one space did not have an overhang. All spaces received solar radiation from the south and west during the daytime. Quality materials and shading devices for MRT reduction should be prepared. This study recommends novel insights into the role of design and select materials in enhancing thermal environments for free-running spaces in senior buildings in hot, humid climates.
A Preliminary Study of the Mechanical Performance of a Novel FBG-Based Flexible Stress Sensor Bi, Gang; Yang, Long; Li, Fan
Civil Engineering Journal Vol. 12 No. 3 (2026): March
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2026-012-03-010

Abstract

Soil stress monitoring is critical for accurate soil state assessment in geotechnical engineering, yet conventional resistance-based stress sensors—typically encapsulated in rigid materials—often generate measured values deviating upward from analytical solution predictions, limiting their practical reliability. To address this key limitation, this study aims to propose a novel fiber Bragg grating (FBG)-based flexible stress sensor that integrates the high precision of FBG technology with the adaptive conformability of flexible sensing platforms. For validation, systematic physical modeling tests were conducted using multiple soil types (clay and sand) under different loading protocols, where the proposed sensor’s performance was comprehensively compared with that of a conventional resistance-based rigid sensor. Key findings reveal that the FBG-based flexible sensor delivers more accurate stress measurements in both clay and sand; notably, during cyclic loading within the elastic range, it reverts to its initial state with minimal hysteresis, outperforming the rigid counterpart in dynamic stability. The novelty of this work lies in the fusion of FBG sensing with flexible encapsulation, which mitigates the overestimation issue of rigid sensors and enables more reliable soil stress monitoring for geotechnical applications.
Research on the Improvement Effect of Asphalt Mixture Workability Based on Uniform Material Distribution Ding, Gongying; Chen, Bei; Zuo, Heng; Tu, Chongzhi
Civil Engineering Journal Vol. 12 No. 3 (2026): March
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2026-012-03-06

Abstract

Asphalt mixture workability (WAM) is critical for quality control during asphalt pavement construction. However, the methods to improve mixing quality and the impact of such improvements on material distribution uniformity remain unclear. This study aims to identify WAM enhancement strategies and explore their effects on the distribution uniformity of asphalt, aggregates, and asphalt films at the asphalt-aggregate interface. Methods include verifying the potential of mixing temperature elevation and warm mix additives (WMAs) to improve WAM, introducing three evaluation indices (asphalt distribution uniformity index ADU, aggregate distribution uniformity index HA, and asphalt film coating uniformity index AUAF), and analyzing the impacts of workability improvements on post-mixing material uniformity. Findings show that raising mixing temperature (up to 13% WAM enhancement) and adding WMAs (Sasobit boosts WAM by 10%) effectively enhance WAM; WMAs reduce the viscosity of SBS-modified asphalt during high-temperature mixing, weakening asphalt-aggregate bonding and promoting aggregate migration; higher mixing temperatures and WMAs both decrease the asphalt film coating uniformity index, with temperature exerting a more prominent effect. The innovation lies in establishing quantitative evaluation indices and revealing the intrinsic mechanism of WAM improvements on multi-dimensional material distribution uniformity, providing a theoretical basis for asphalt mixture quality optimization.

Page 191 of 193 | Total Record : 1923

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