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INDONESIA
Civil Engineering Journal
Published by C.E.J Publishing Group
ISSN : 24763055     EISSN : 24763055     DOI : -
Core Subject : Engineering,
Civil Engineering Journal is a multidisciplinary, an open-access, internationally double-blind peer -reviewed journal concerned with all aspects of civil engineering, which include but are not necessarily restricted to: Building Materials and Structures, Coastal and Harbor Engineering, Constructions Technology, Constructions Management, Road and Bridge Engineering, Renovation of Buildings, Earthquake Engineering, Environmental Engineering, Geotechnical Engineering, Highway Engineering, Hydraulic and Hydraulic Structures, Structural Engineering, Surveying and Geo-Spatial Engineering, Transportation Engineering, Tunnel Engineering, Urban Engineering and Economy, Water Resources Engineering, Urban Drainage.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 1,995 Documents
Experimental Validation and Parametric Analysis of Plain Concrete Arch Bridges Under Static Loading Rufaidah W. Alkasawneh; Mustafasanie M. Yussof; Choong Kok Keong
Civil Engineering Journal Vol. 12 No. 8 (2026): August
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2026-012-08-021

Abstract

Plain concrete arch bridges (PCABs) remain an important component of transportation infrastructure because of their structural efficiency and durability. However, many existing PCABs have exceeded their intended service life, highlighting the need for reliable methods to evaluate their load-bearing capacity (LBC). This study investigates the LBC and structural behavior of PCABs through integrated experimental and numerical analyses. Two PCAB specimens were tested under one-point and two-point loading conditions, while the ultimate load, vertical displacement, lateral concrete strain, and failure modes were recorded. A three-dimensional finite element model was developed in ABAQUS using the Concrete Damaged Plasticity (CDP) model and validated against the experimental results. The numerical predictions closely matched the experimental observations, with deviations of less than 2.2% in the ultimate load, confirming the accuracy and reliability of the proposed model. A comprehensive parametric study was subsequently performed to evaluate the influence of arch thickness, rise, and loading configuration on structural performance. The experimental results showed that two-point loading increased the ultimate load-bearing capacity by approximately 154% compared with one-point loading. Increasing the arch thickness enhanced the load-bearing capacity by up to 39.1% under one-point loading and 57.1% under two-point loading. The proposed experimentally validated framework provides a practical and reliable tool for the structural assessment and design optimization of existing plain concrete arch bridges.
Runoff Coefficient Variability in Green and Bitumen Roof Systems Emil Tsanov; Dobril Valchev; Irina Ribarova; Valentina Dimova
Civil Engineering Journal Vol. 12 No. 8 (2026): August
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2026-012-08-03

Abstract

This study aimed to generate field-based evidence supporting sustainable urban stormwater management under the continental climatic conditions. The runoff behavior of a retrofitted green roof was monitored and compared with that of an adjacent conventional bitumen roof of identical geometry. Monitoring was conducted from March 2022 to January 2024. A total of 34 rainfall events (3–74 mm) were analyzed to evaluate runoff coefficients (RC) and their relationships with precipitation depth, antecedent dry days (ADD), and rainfall duration. The average RC was 0.24 (0–0.84) for the green roof and 0.81 (0.43–1.00) for the bitumen roof. The green roof effectively retained rainfall events below approximately 10 mm and showed increasing runoff variability with increasing precipitation depth. A moderate relationship was observed between RC and ADD for the green roof (R² = 0.518), whereas no meaningful relationship was found for the bitumen roof. Rainfall duration had no significant effect on runoff generation. The findings confirm the considerable runoff reduction potential of extensive green roofs under continental climatic conditions and demonstrate that rainfall depth and antecedent moisture conditions are key controls of runoff response. The long-term field evidence generated in this study provides a sound basis for improving green roof design and sustainable stormwater management.
Behavior of Strengthening RC Columns Using Hybrid CFRP Under Biaxial Loading: Experimental and Finite Element Studies Ahmed Ali Younis; Alaa Hussein Al-Zuhairi
Civil Engineering Journal Vol. 12 No. 8 (2026): August
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2026-012-08-020

Abstract

Over the past twenty years, interest in using Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) to strengthen Reinforced Concrete (RC) columns has grown. To address the problem of load eccentricity, researchers have widely resorted to combining traditional methods, CFRP jackets, and Near-Surface-Mounted (NSM) CFRP bars. This paper presents experimental and numerical research on the effectiveness of using hybrid CFRP that merges the advantages of both NSM-CFRP column strengthening and External Bonded (EB) strengthening. Testing was carried out on four square RC columns (200×200 mm) under biaxial loads, and the results were validated using Finite Element (FE) analysis. Test data indicate that the hybridization technique significantly improves the overall performance of the strengthened RC columns, including crack pattern, ultimate load capacity, lateral displacement, and failure modes. The results indicated that RC columns achieved a higher ultimate load capacity with the hybrid approach, exceeding that of traditional columns by more than 55%. Furthermore, the combination of a CFRP jacketing with NSM-CFRP bars resulted in a lateral response improvement of up to 15%. Numerical simulations showed commendable agreement with experimental results, confirming that strengthening RC columns with hybrid-CFRP technology improves load-carrying capacity and reduces axial strains.
Sulfate Corrosion Resistance of Fly Ash-Based Geopolymer Concrete for Corroded Tunnel Linings Zusong Wu; Bin Wang; Maolin Zhang; Mi Li
Civil Engineering Journal Vol. 12 No. 8 (2026): August
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2026-012-08-01

Abstract

This study aims to evaluate the sulfate corrosion resistance of fly ash-based geopolymer concrete for tunnel linings and to identify an appropriate alkaline activator proportion. Ordinary Portland cement concrete was used as the control, and four geopolymer mixtures with different sodium silicate-to-sodium hydroxide proportions were prepared. Using a self-developed accelerated corrosion apparatus, specimens were subjected to 150 days of wet–dry cycles in 5% Na₂SO₄ solution. Mass variation, compressive strength, acoustic emission responses, and digital image correlation strain fields were analyzed. The control concrete showed an initial increase followed by marked deterioration: its compressive strength rose from 46.2 MPa to 49.7 MPa at 60 days and then decreased to 36.45 MPa at 150 days. In contrast, the geopolymer mixtures exhibited better mass stability, strength retention, and crack resistance. The G3 mixture performed best, retaining 50.6 MPa after 150 days, corresponding to a strength retention ratio of 1.07, while showing limited strain concentration, crack penetration, and surface spalling. The improvement is attributed to the denser N-A-S-H gel network and reduced formation of expansive sulfate corrosion products. The main novelty lies in combining an accelerated tunnel-lining corrosion simulation with multiple damage-characterization methods to optimize the activator proportion for sulfate-rich tunnel environments.
Experimental and Numerical Based Modeling of the Euphrates Riverbanks Failure Ali Sadiq Abbas; Ala Hassan Nama; Zainab Kadhim Jabal
Civil Engineering Journal Vol. 12 No. 8 (2026): August
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2026-012-08-010

Abstract

Riverbank failure offers serious geotechnical and hydraulic dangers to infrastructure, the environment, and the quality of water along fluvial rivers. This study looks at the collapse causes of riverbanks and surrounding embankments over an 8-kilometer stretch of the Euphrates River in Babilon City. An integrated technique integrating field collection, thorough laboratory testing, and the GeoStudio (SEEP/W and SLOPE/W) model was used. Laboratory data demonstrated that high silt and clay concentration (62% silt, 28% clay in embankments; 58% silt, 24% clay in banks) influences soil behavior. Also, the seepage analysis highlighted pore water pressure variations (0.2–1.2 m) and discharge rates (1.76×10⁻⁸ to 1.84×10⁻⁷ m³/sec), which directly influence embankment stability. Slope stability analysis demonstrated a 26% increase in the factor of safety (FS) with higher soil cohesion, emphasizing the importance of cohesive strength in mitigating failure risks. This study bridges the empirical-computational gap by establishing site-specific hydraulic conductivity functions and safety factor sensitivity charts for fine-grained fluvial soils, offering actionable reinforcement strategies (geosynthetic additives and stone riprap). The integration of field data with comprehensive laboratory tests utilizing GeoStudio to determine seepage flow and slope stability under many circumstances is innovative. The work comes to the conclusion that practical insights for riverbank management may be obtained by combining laboratory data with numerical modeling. Periodic monitoring, soil fortification with additives, and stability-enhancing preventive measures like stone rippling or gabions are among the recommendations.

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