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Civil Engineering Journal

cej
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Published by C.E.J Publishing Group

ISSN : 24763055 EISSN : 24763055 DOI : -

Core Subject : Engineering,

Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture

Civil Engineering Journal is a multidisciplinary, an open-access, internationally double-blind peer -reviewed journal concerned with all aspects of civil engineering, which include but are not necessarily restricted to: Building Materials and Structures, Coastal and Harbor Engineering, Constructions Technology, Constructions Management, Road and Bridge Engineering, Renovation of Buildings, Earthquake Engineering, Environmental Engineering, Geotechnical Engineering, Highway Engineering, Hydraulic and Hydraulic Structures, Structural Engineering, Surveying and Geo-Spatial Engineering, Transportation Engineering, Tunnel Engineering, Urban Engineering and Economy, Water Resources Engineering, Urban Drainage.

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Articles 1,848 Documents

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Flow Simulation and Energy Loss Estimation in the Nappe Flow Regime of Stepped Spillways with Inclined Steps and End Sill: A Numerical Approach Amirmasoud Hamedi; Mohammad Hajigholizadeh; Abbas Mansoori
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 2, No 9 (2016): September
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Recently, the usage of stepped spillways, as energy dissipaters, has increased and led to a reduction in the size of the stilling basin. Extensive experimental considerations, plus the high cost and extended time required for laboratory methods, are among the major issues that require precise attention to determine optimal step design. This research deals with comparing the 2-D numerical simulation and experimental description in stepped spillways equipped with inclined steps and end sill together and presents a brisk, reliable, low-cost, and non-experimental approach to designing the steps. In this new type and complicated geometry, simulation is more complicated than horizontal steps, because it needs more accuracy around the end sills. The VOF Method and the k-ε standard turbulence model are proposed to simulate the flow pattern and evaluate the energy loss over stepped spillway. Energy dissipations obtained through the numerical approach have been compared with laboratory measurements and demonstrate reasonable agreement. Also, the flow pattern, velocity vectors and flow direction resulted from numerical simulation is in a good agreement with the experimental results.

Seismic Performance Assessment of Existing RC Frames with Different Ultimate Concrete Strains Rishath Sabrin; Mohammad Al Amin Siddique; Md. K. Sohel
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 4, No 6 (2018): June
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

In recent years, because of the older version code, inadequate design, lacks of construction supervision, change in loading pattern, damages and casualties of earthquakes or environmental degradation, buildings at risk need to be investigated frequently for safety purpose. To increase the strength and ductility capacities of deficient reinforced concrete (RC) beams, columns and beam-column joints, retrofitting may require. In this paper, a numerical investigation using nonlinear static pushover analysis is conducted to assess the seismic behavior of existing moment resisting RC frames. In numerical modeling, different plastic hinge lengths as well as different concrete ultimate strain conditions of RC members are considered. Pushover analysis has been carried out with the commercial software ETABS v.9.6.0 to evaluate structural behavior of RC frames located in a seismic region. Hinge properties simulating moment-rotation behavior of frame members considering different plastic hinge lengths as well as concrete ultimate strains are evaluated. Pushover curves are compared with each other to determine the plastic hinge length and strain values which provide better agreement with that of the default properties. Seismic performance criteria in terms of ductility, overstrength as well as response modification factor for frames are determined from pushover curves. From the analyses in general, the load carrying capacity as well as displacement at maximum lateral load and interstory drift index at any floor level of RC frames is assessed.

Factors that Undermine Service Delivery by Civil Engineers in South African Local Municipalities Zeleke Bekele Worku; Reginald Legoabe
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 3, No 12 (2017): December
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

The objective of study was to identify and quantify key predictors of job satisfaction among civil engineers working in South African local municipalities. The design of study was cross-sectional, descriptive and evaluative. The study was conducted against the background of shortage of suitably qualified, adequately motivated and skilled civil engineers working in local municipalities. The degree of job satisfaction of respondents was assessed by using a composite index developed by Turkyilmaz, Akman, Ozkan and Pastuszak (2011) for conducting a similar study. A combination of quantitative and qualitative methods of data collection and analyses were used in the study. As part of the quantitative aspect of study, data was collected from a stratified random sample of size 250 civil engineers working in various South African local municipalities. As part of the qualitative aspect of study, individual in-depth interviews were conducted with 37 civil engineers working in various local municipalities. Four focus group interviews were conducted as part of the study. Data was collected by using a structured, pretested and validated questionnaire of study. Quantitative data analyses were conducted by using methods such as frequency tables, cross-tab analyses (Pearson’s chi-square tests of associations) and binary logistic regression analysis. The results showed that 171 of the 250 respondents who took part in the study (68.40%) were satisfied with the job that they were performing in the various local municipalities, whereas the remaining 79 of the 250 respondents in the study (31.60%) were not satisfied with their jobs. Based on results obtained from cross-tab analyses at the 5% level of significance, the degree of job satisfaction of civil engineers at the workplace was significantly and adversely affected by too much workload, poor working conditions, lack of budget for construction projects, low salary and remuneration, lack of training opportunities, lack of cooperation and appreciation, too much bureaucracy and red tape, short duration of service, and poor relationship with supervisors, in a decreasing order of strength. Results obtained from binary logistic regression analysis showed that the degree of job satisfaction of civil engineers at the workplace was significantly and adversely affected by 3 factors. These 3 factors were too much workload, poor working conditions, and lack of budget for construction projects in a decreasing order of strength. Results obtained from individual and focus group in-depth interviews led to similar findings.

Analytical and Laboratory Evaluation of the Solubility of Gypsiferous Soils Aliabbas Afsharian; Nader Abbasi; Amir Khoserowjerdi; Hossein Sedghi
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 2, No 11 (2016): November
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Gypsum soil is one of the problematic soils because of considerable solubility for Gypsum particles in contact with water. In this research the effects of three factors including; gypsum percent, hydraulic gradient and soil texture were studied on solubility of gypsum soils. To do this, samples of gypsum soils were provided artificially by adding various rates of natural gypsum rock including 0, 5, 10, 20 and 30 percent weight of 3 kinds of soil textures including clay, silty clay and sand. Totally, 15 types of gypsum soils were prepared. Then each of gypsum soils were leached under five hydraulic gradients levels 0.5, 1, 2, 5 and 10. The results of the test indicated that the rate of Gypsum in the soil had direct effect on the rate of soluble and by increasing the percent of Gypsum, the rate of solubility was increased. In addition, by increasing hydraulic gradient, the speed of water existing soil media in a specified time was increased and also higher rate of Gypsum was derived. Also the soil texture has a considerable effect on the rate of solubility of soil. In this study, rate of solubility of gypsum soils with sandy soils was determined as 1.5 to 2 times more than the rate of clay soils. The statistical results show the highest impact of gypsum percentage and lowest impact of hydraulic gradient soil on solubility of particles in different types of soils and it has no significant effect on the overall equation of the soil texture.

Structural Characteristics of Reinforced Palm Kernel Shell Concrete Deep Beams Mark Adom-Asamoah; Jack Banahene Osei; Kwadwo Adinkra-Appiah
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 4, No 7 (2018): July
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

This paper evaluates the structural characteristics of deep beams made from reinforced palm kernel shell concrete (PKSC) and normal weight concrete (NWC). Twelve PKSC and NWC deep beam samples, with and without shear reinforcement were tested under three-point loading and their structural behavior studied. The ultimate shear strength of PKSC beams increased with a decrease in the shear span-to- depth ratio. Post diagonal cracking shear resistance is greater in PKSC deep beams than beams of normal weight concrete. The shear capacity of the PKSC and NWC deep beams were assessed to be un-conservative using ACI 318-99, ACI 318-05, Eurocode (EC) 2 and a kinematic model, when compared with the experimental results. Nonetheless, this necessitated the development of a calibration procedure to correct the bias inherent in these models. Calibrated shear strength models revealed the compressive strength and the ratio of the shear span-to-total depth as significant influential parameters for correcting the inherent bias in the original deterministic shear strength models. The calibrated functional model of ACI-318-99 may produce conservative predictions, given this limited number of test specimens. Therefore future studies should investigate the reliability of the calibrated models, and quantifying the uncertainties in the estimated coefficients of parameters, using a much larger representative dataset.

Modeling Climate Variables of Rivers Basin using Time Series Analysis (Case Study: Karkheh River Basin at Iran) Hamidi Machekposhti, Karim; Sedghi, Hossein; Telvari, Abdolrasoul; Babazadeh, Hossein
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 4, No 1 (2018): January
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Stochastic models (time series models) have been proposed as one technique to generate scenarios of future climate change. Precipitation, temperature and evaporation are among the main indicators in climate study. The goal of this study is the simulation and modeling of climatic parameters such as annual precipitation, temperature and evaporation using stochastic methods (time series analysis). The 40-year data of precipitation and 37-year data of temperature and evaporation at Jelogir Majin station (upstream of Karkheh dam reservoir) in western of Iran has been used in this study and based on ARIMA model, The auto-correlation and partial auto-correlation methods, assessment of parameters and types of model, the suitable models to forecast annual precipitation, temperature and evaporation were obtained. After model validation and evaluation, the Predicting was made for the ten future years (2006 to 2015). In view of the Predicting made, the precipitation amounts will be decreased than recent years. As regards the mean of annual temperature and evaporation, the findings of the Predicting show an increase in temperature and evaporation.

Ameliorating Precast Concrete Curbs Using Rubber and Nano Material Komaki, Mohammad Ebrahim; Ghodrati Dolatshamloo, Amirreza; Eslami, Mahdi; Heydari, Sahar
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 3, No 2 (2017): February
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (733.119 KB)

Disposal of waste tire rubber has become one of the major environmental issues in each part the World. One of the possible solutions to dispose of scrap tire rubber is using them into concrete curbs. This paper presents a new method to ameliorate the rubber concrete using a particular rubber size and Nano Material. Initially six mix designs were performed to determine the optimized size and percentage of rubber according to compressive strength. Afterwards, the major concrete curbs were made with the optimum mix design. Three different samples were made to determine the effects of rubber and Nano. One of which was made without rubber and Nano, the other was made with rubber and the last with rubber and Nano. Experiments were carried out to determine the durability and strength of specimens according to ISIRI-12728.

The Evaluation of Temporary Shelter Areas Locations Using Geographic Information System and Analytic Hierarchy Process Javad Junian; Valiollah Azizifar
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 4, No 7 (2018): July
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Earthquakes are notorious as devastating natural disasters that can result in tragic fatalities and economic loss. The building of earthquake evacuation shelters is an effective way to reduce earthquake consequences and protect lives. In present study, analytic hierarchy process (AHP) was applied as a multiple criteria of decision making (MCDM) method to investigate different shelter sites that belong to a disaster-prone area of the north of Iran. The principles of vulnerable areas, access to roads, firefighting centers, populated areas, fault lines, and medical centers were considered to determine optimal temporary shelter areas locations. With the support of a geographic information system (GIS), the method comprised three steps, i.e. selecting candidate shelters, analyzing the spatial coverage of the shelters, and determining the shelter locations. Finally, a case study was used to demonstrate the application of the multi-criteria model and the corresponding solution method and their effectiveness in planning urban earthquake evacuation shelters. It was found that the “distance from fault line” criterion of 0.429 could be the most effective factor along the others.

Hardness Optimization of Heat Treatment Process of Bucket Teeth Excavator Suryo, Sumar Hadi; Adi Widyanto, Susilo; Paryanto, Paryanto; Mansuri, Aly Syariati
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 4, No 2 (2018): February
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Excavator is heavy equipment that usually used in construction and mining works. Bucket teeth which are located in the tip of bucket excavator are used for digging works. They are easily damaged by direct contact with the media. One of the material used in bucket teeth excavator is mild carbon steel that has carbon content between 0.33%-0.5%. However, the hardness value of this material is not yet meets the standard of bucket teeth excavator so the optimum hardness value based on its heat treatment should be known. Besides that, its tensile, impact strength, and micro structure in optimum condition will also know. Optimization method was done through Taguchi experimental design with L9 orthogonal and ANOVA (Analysis of Variance). Factors or parameters in this research were heating temperature, holding time, quenching media, and tempering temperature. In this experiment, nine specimens of mild carbon steel were tested by different heating temperatures (850oC, 875oC, 900oC), different holding times (60, 90, and 120 minutes), different quenching medias (oil, water, and salt water), and different tempering temperatures (250oC, 450oC, 650oC). Calculation of Taguchi method and confirmation experiment showed that the optimum parameters of hardness are 875oC heating temperature, 60 minutes holding time, water quenching media, and 250oC tempering temperature. Meanwhile, ANOVA test showed a result that the four factors had an effect on the bucket teeth excavator hardness.

Stability Analysis of Gabion wall with Tieback in Seismic Regions Asadpour, Hamid; Akhlaghi, Tohid
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 3, No 5 (2017): May
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1620.006 KB)

One of the most important issues in the construction of highways, mountain and urban roads is known as slope stabilization. If the necessary actions for protection are not considered, it could lead to problems and events such as landslides, settlements and even destruction of roads. There are many methods for stabilizing slopes such as Gabion walls and Tiebacks. This study can be used as the beginning of a new synthetic method where the Gabion wall is combined with Tiebacks. Gabion walls and tiebacks can be known as the most flexible methods of slope stabilization methods, because of this reason, if they can be combined with each other, it should show very good results in front of dynamic and even static forces. This combination is the novel point of this research. In this study at first, the gabion wall will be analysed in different loading conditions, and then to deal with earthquake dynamic forces the tiebacks will be used to increase the gabion walls stability.The software that is used in this study is GEO5 software, nowadays this software can be introduced as one of the best slope stability analysis softwares. The results of this study showed that the designed gabion wall could be stable in dense silty gravel soil (GM) in 8.5-meter slope, and with magnitude of 0.25 horizontal coefficient of Manjil earthquake, but in the same geometry and material condition and impact of 0.4 magnitude horizontal coefficient of Bam earthquake it couldnt be stable alone. In this condition four rows of 18 meter tiebacks could stable the gabion wall very well. In this model, under loading condition 3 (with horizontal and vertical pseudo-static coefficient of Bam earthquake) that had the most vertical pseudo-static coefficient, the 23-meter tieback anchors with 12-degree inclination respect to horizontal could stable the considered gabion wall. This result could show that, the combination of gabion walls with tieback anchors gives a satisfactory result and it is an efficient and helpful method for stability of slopes in front of earthquake and dynamic forces.

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