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Civil Engineering Journal

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Published by C.E.J Publishing Group

ISSN : 24763055 EISSN : 24763055 DOI : -

Core Subject : Engineering,

Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture

Civil Engineering Journal is a multidisciplinary, an open-access, internationally double-blind peer -reviewed journal concerned with all aspects of civil engineering, which include but are not necessarily restricted to: Building Materials and Structures, Coastal and Harbor Engineering, Constructions Technology, Constructions Management, Road and Bridge Engineering, Renovation of Buildings, Earthquake Engineering, Environmental Engineering, Geotechnical Engineering, Highway Engineering, Hydraulic and Hydraulic Structures, Structural Engineering, Surveying and Geo-Spatial Engineering, Transportation Engineering, Tunnel Engineering, Urban Engineering and Economy, Water Resources Engineering, Urban Drainage.

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Articles 1,848 Documents

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Prediction of Hydro-mechanical Stability of Dam: Using Calibrated Model from Back Analysis and Monitoring Data Samad Narimani; Seyed Morteza Davarpanah; Javad Sattarvand
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 2, No 8 (2016): August
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Earth-fill dam safety and stability control during service period is important at the view point of economics and social security. Monitoring is very important to control dam security, to compare real action with predicted planning and to make good experience and opportunity for future planning. In this paper, water pore pressure and settlements in different parts of Sattarkhan dam during service period was studied. So at first, according to instrument data installed in the body of dam, calibration of numerical model done and by doing back analysis real properties of materials of dam defined. Then by using the calibrated model, pore water pressures and settlements of dam studied. Analysis carried out by Flac2D Finite Difference software. The constitutive model used was Mohr-Coulomb at the state of plane strain. Results showed that dam will be safe during service period at the view point of hydro-mechanical behaviour. Finally, stability of dam studied from the view of rapid depletion of the reservoir, which results showed safety conditions.

Response of Skirted Foundations Resting on Dry Medium Dense Sand Lujain Haider; Haider M. Mekkiyah
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 4, No 6 (2018): June
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Experimental model tests were carried out to study the response of skirted foundation resting on dry sand. The experiments were performed in a large soil container (1000 1000 mm in cross section and 800 mm in height). Skirts with three different lengths (L) varied from 0.5D to 1.5D was attached to the edge of shallow circular foundations having three different diameters (D=60, 90 and 120 mm). Different parameters have been studied; these parameters involve skirt length, foundation size and skirt conditions. Skirts with open end and closed end were used. The relative density was kept constant and equals to 60%. The case of foundation without skirt (L=0) was initially tested and set as a reference for comparison purpose. From the results of experimental tests, it was found that the skirt modifies the load-settlement behaviour, increasing the load carrying capacity and reducing the foundation settlement. The results also indicate that load carrying capacity of skirted foundation increases with increase skirt length as well as foundation size. The results show that using skirt with closed end brought a considerable increase in load carrying capacity than that of open end.

Evaluation of Nonlinear Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Frames by Explosive Dynamic Loading Using Finite Element Method Seyed Mahdi Seyed Kolbadi; Heydar Davoodian; S.Mohamad S.Kolbadi
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 3, No 12 (2017): December
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

These days, due to the unpleasant spread of the threat imposed to human life by explosion, the analysis and designating of important structures such as military, governmental and fundamental, and utilities against explosive loading is not anymore a costly conservatism but an inevitable necessity. In this study, the nonlinear behavior of the fortified concrete walls by various carbon fiber reinforced polymers (CFRP) such as glass, carbon and Aramid against the load generated by the explosion wave is investigated by the use of ABAQUS finite element software. In this study, the explosive load, base conditions, wall dimensions, and the features of the material are considered to be the same. The state and the amount of distribution of destruction parameters, tension and displacement in the walls were calculated and the critical areas were identified. Other Two 2 and 4 story models were investigated to examine the frame height and different arrangements of composite fiber reinforcing polymer (CFRP). Similarly, in order to obtain more accuracy in the results, nonlinear behavioral models of concrete and nonlinear plastic damage to concrete have been applied. A 4-node Shell element was used for meshing. The results indicated that, in the reinforced model, about 30% of decrease in the base cutting power is observed, and the reduction of the values for maximum displacement and maximum stress outputs are 30 percent and 45 percent respectively.

Risk Assessment of Geological Hazards in a Tunneling Project Using Harmony Search Algorithm (Case Study: Ardabil-Mianeh Railway Tunnel) Reza Mikaeil; Sina Shaffiee Haghshenas; Yakob Shirvand; Mehdi Valizadeh Hasanluy; Vali Roshanaei
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 2, No 10 (2016): October
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

During the design and implementation of underground constructions, the risk assessment and management of geological hazards are important due to the hazards such as the water inflow, collision with crushed fault zones, squeezing and instability around excavation zones. In the present research, it is attempted to study and assess the risk of geological hazards in 378+021 km of the route of Ardabil-Mianeh railway tunnel using the harmony search algorithm (HSA). In the first section of research, after studying structural and geological characteristics during 24 sections of the excavation route, the risk relating to geological hazards including the tunnel instability, squeezing, water inflow and swelling was assessed in three separate classes using HSA. In order to study the accuracy of results, geological hazards recorded during the implementation of excavation operations were used. Studies obtained from the comparison of observed and predicted results indicate the high accuracy of HSA in the assessment and prediction of geological risks in the tunnelling project.

Investigation of the Effect of Dimensional Characteristics of Stone Column on Load-Bearing Capacity and Consolidation Time Mohammad Reza Mohtasham; Mahdi Khodaparast
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 4, No 6 (2018): June
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

One of the best methods for rehabilitating loos and soft soils is the application of stone columns. This method enhances the soil properties by increasing its load-bearing capacity, decreasing the soil subsidence, and accelerating the consolidation rate. In the present paper, numerical analysis of a stone column of 10 m in length into a clayey soil using ABAQUS software is presented. The stone column was modelled based on the concept of unit cell, i.e. a single stone column with the surrounding soil. In this respect, material of the stone column was modelled using the elastoplastic behavioural model of Mohr-Coulomb, while Cam Clay behavioural model was used for the surrounding clayey soil. Furthermore, throughout the analyses performed in this study, effects of different parameters (e.g. applied load on rigid foundation, and the stone column length and diameter) on the subsidence and consolidation time of the rigid foundation were examined. The results indicated that, construction of a stone column into clayey soil decreases the subsidence and consolidation time of the soil considerably. In additions, increases in length and diameter of the stone column were found to significantly contribute to reduced subsidence and consolidation time of soil.

Critical Factors for Selecting a Neutral to Support Alternative Dispute Resolution Methods in the Construction Industry Abdollah Saeb; Othman Bin Mohamed; Mohd Suhaimi Bin Mohd Danuri; Norhanim Binti Zakaria
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 4, No 1 (2018): January
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Alternative dispute resolution methods (ADR) were developed in the construction industry to acquire suitable solutions. These methods are classified based on the role of the third party (neutral). Third-parties can play multiple roles in the ADR process including a facilitative, advisory, determinative or combined. The authorities of the third-party in the types of ADR techniques are different. Despite the importance of a third party in the ADR process, previous studies are not clearly identified factors for selecting them. The purpose of this research is to provide critical factors for neutral to support ADR methods in the construction industry. This research also, highlights the role of neutral in common ADR techniques. Random sampling was used for quantitative data collection. Of the 200 experts invited to fill in the questionnaire, 112 experts participated. To provide critical factors the factor analysis was used. The research found four critical factors for selecting supporting ADR neutrals in construction including; familiarity with legal and technical issues, being accepted by parties, efficiency and fairness. It can be concluded that selecting neutral party using the critical factors is efficient because the selection of a third-party in ADR is based on many variables is very difficult.

The Analysis of the Factors Which Affect the Building Costs in Indonesia Taufik Dwi Laksono
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 3, No 1 (2017): January
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Buildings are the kind of facility needed by everyone. The accuracy in determining the amount of costs required to build a building has become a challenge for all parties involved in the process. This study aims to determine the factors affecting the cost of a building. By using four independent variables, i.e. floor area, number of floors, foundation depth, and project implementation time, and one dependent variable in the form of a contract value of the building project, an analysis to determine the factors that influence the cost of a building has been made. Using 81 samples in several cities in Indonesia and multiple linear regression of stepwise method, the results show three factors that significantly affect the cost of building projects. They are floor area, number of floors, and project implementation time. This is indicated by tcount for floor area of 12.770, tcount for the number of floors of 46.05, and tcount for project implementation time of 2.321.

Updated Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Assessment for Iraq/2018 Mustafa Shakir Farman; AbdulMuttalib Isa Said
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 4, No 7 (2018): July
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Recently, Iraq has experienced an unprecedented seismic activity, specifically, near the east boundary with Iran which reveals the need to re-evaluate the seismic hazard at this region. This study consists of two phases. The first is collecting the earthquake records covering the recent events till the end of November 2017 including the 12 November 2017 (7.3Mw) earthquake, and applying data processing to get the net data for independent events for the study area which were more than 4300 of net main earthquakes of Mw ≥ 4 and were used in the second phase. The second phase is applying the PSHA method by dividing the study area into a grid of small cells of size 0.5 0.5°and the hazard parameters were calculated at the center of each of these grid cells then, converting the final results to contours over the study area. It is found that the values increases towards the east-northeast and north due to the continued tectonic boundary convergence between the Arabian, Iranian and Turkish plates which produces intense earthquake activity. The design spectral acceleration at 0.2 and 1.0 seconds found to be 0.33, 0.17, 0.47, 0.25, 0.71, 0.35 g for Basra, Baghdad and Erbil, respectively. The comparison between the PGA values from this study and from the seismic hazards maps from Iraqi seismic codes of 1989, 1997 and 2016, for return periods of 475 and 2475 years, reveals the continued increase with time which reveals the need to updating the seismic hazard maps continuously.

The Study of Mechanical Properties of High Strength Concrete Containing Steel and Polypropylene Fibers Hamid Gholizadeh; Samad Dilmaghani
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 4, No 1 (2018): January
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

From industrial point of view, recently a great attention has been paid to the use of additives such as steel and polypropylene fibers in concrete and cement products. Investigations have revealed that the addition of steel and polypropylene fibers into normal concrete impart significant improvement in controlling its surface cracking, increase their tensile and flexural strength and durability. Considering the advantages of these additives, high strength concrete samples were produced with different mix design as well as using cement replacement materials such as silica fume according to a well-established experimental set up. The tests show that mixed use of steel and polypropylene fibers give good results in terms of improving structural characteristics of the concrete material developed. In all samples, the surface cracking was decreased significantly by adding suitable fibers in terms of sort, diameter, and length. However, the use of 1 kg polypropylene and 78 kg steel fibers in 1 cubic meter concrete was proposed as optimum mix design, regarding the improvement of compressive, tensile and flexural strength of concrete as well as scientific and practical points of view. So that, these newly developed structural concrete reveals promising potentials for further research and development as well as an structurally important building block material.

Experimental Investigation of RC Exterior Beam Column Connection with Eccentric Beam Subjected to Reversible Quasi Static Loads Ahmed G. Asran; Hassan H. EL-Esnawi; Sabry Elmorsy Fayed
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 3, No 4 (2017): April
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Insufficiency of the Beam Column Joint (BCJ) caused structures failures particularly in case of the earthquakes. In most of the buildings, the beam center line was not aligned with the column center line. So, the effect of the eccentricity of the beam was studied in this article. Behaviour of reinforced concrete (RC) eccentric beam-column joint under reversible cyclic loading was investigated experimentally. The experimental program is one specimen. The specimen consisted of column and beam. The column divided into symmetry two parts (upper and lower parts). The beam fixed in middle of the column and it was free end. The main parameter was the effect of the eccentricity of the beam center line about the column center on behaviour of RC BCJ. The specimen was tested under reversible ten cycles. The horizontal displacement for the column and the vertical deflection at free end of the beam were recorded at each cycle. The crack pattern of the tested specimen was studied at every cycle in details. It was noticed that the eccentricity of the beam has concentrated more stresses on the joint side close to the eccentricity. The failure took place at the joint due to its weakness.

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