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Civil Engineering Journal

cej
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Published by C.E.J Publishing Group

ISSN : 24763055 EISSN : 24763055 DOI : -

Core Subject : Engineering,

Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture

Civil Engineering Journal is a multidisciplinary, an open-access, internationally double-blind peer -reviewed journal concerned with all aspects of civil engineering, which include but are not necessarily restricted to: Building Materials and Structures, Coastal and Harbor Engineering, Constructions Technology, Constructions Management, Road and Bridge Engineering, Renovation of Buildings, Earthquake Engineering, Environmental Engineering, Geotechnical Engineering, Highway Engineering, Hydraulic and Hydraulic Structures, Structural Engineering, Surveying and Geo-Spatial Engineering, Transportation Engineering, Tunnel Engineering, Urban Engineering and Economy, Water Resources Engineering, Urban Drainage.

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Articles 1,848 Documents

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The Role of Environmental Graphic in the Identification of Urban Public Spaces Hanieh Eshaghzadeh Torbati
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 4, No 8 (2018): August
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Today one of the important spaces in cities is the public spaces that, according to their classification and specifications, there is no limit to the use of different groups of people, and due to the presence of all type of people in these spaces, attention to identifying is of paramount importance. Environmental graphic is one of the useful tools to design the spaces and create identity. Of course we know that urban identity is based on the relationship and coordination of various branches of art and science such as psychology, sociology, economics, traffic, landscaping, urbanization, architecture, graphic design and so on. Although, as an interdisciplinary topic, it can be said that this branch of graphic can affect urban identity reformation, given its potentials. In this paper we attempt to study about this topic through applied descriptive-analytic method and to consider the position and importance of environmental graphic in create identity for urban public spaces, using required parameters analyze and definition by library method. Considering the space constructed in city without notice to identity, we analyze this important that if there is public space made with environmental graphic, how it creates an identity.

Investigating the Effects of Cement Type and W/C Ratio on the Concrete Corrosion Using the Electrical Resistance Assessment Method Moein Biglari; Amirhosein Sheykh Azami; Ali Kahidan; Ehsan Ghafari; Mohammad Ali Ghasemi
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 4, No 8 (2018): August
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Today, concrete is known as the most widespread material in civil projects. Up to now, many research works have been conducted concerning determination of concrete durability using various methods including the measurement of electrical resistance in concrete. The present article is an attempt for application of a new method for measurement of electrical resistance of non-conductive materials which is well suited for concrete. To determine the effects of cement type and water to cement ratio on the corrosion phenomenon the electrical resistance method was used. For this purpose use was made of 7 different water to cement ratios and two types of cement (type 2 and type 5). Drawing the electrical resistance diagrams, it was shown that with increase in the water to cement ratio, corrosion rate increases in concrete. Also application of type 5 cement results in a higher strength resistance with respect to cement type 2. On the other hand by increase in the age of concrete specimens, they showed greater resistance to the corrosion attacks.

The Consideration of Response Modification Factor of L-Shaped Structures by Using Adaptive Pushover Analysis Method and Comparison with Traditional Pushover Method Azin Akbari; Erfan Ordookhani; Mohammad Reza Pasaeian
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 4, No 8 (2018): August
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

In the most of regulations, reduction factor of seismic force depends only on the kind of lateral loading system, but research has shown that this factor is a function of many factors such as period and modal characteristics of the structure, the height and especially form of plan in the building. Due to the complexity of nonlinear dynamic analysis method, today, nonlinear static analysis method called pushover, as a practical appropriate tool has developed in field of earthquake engineering based on function frequently. But traditional pushover analysis method have defects that can be noted Including the stability of lateral load pattern form, did not consider the impact of higher modes or impact of more efficient modes and lack of consideration of the stiffness matrix of member or the entire of structure changes in step of analysis. In recent years a number of researchers have proposed using adaptive load pattern, in this methods, lateral load pattern have changed and adapting in during analysis based on momentary stiffness matrix of structures. In this paper we investigate the response modification factor in L-shaped geometric asymmetry by using SAP software, Pushover analysis used in this study is divided into two categories pushover with constant load pattern (traditional method) and pushover with the adaptive load pattern (adaptive). So, it is studied building with L-shaped asymmetrical plan, with moment frame double structural system - bracing and number of floors 5, 10, 15 and 20, with four different bracing plan types at considering frames, and the end were compared obtained response modification factor from the two methods for these buildings.

Numerical Study of the Wake Flow of a Wind Turbine with Consideration of the Inflow Turbulence Xiaoyu Luo; Qiuming Li; Shishu Xiong; Zhenqing Liu
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 4, No 8 (2018): August
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Considering the fact that wind turbines operate at the bottom of the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) where the turbulence is at a high level, and the difficulty of mesh generation in the fully modeled numerical simulation, it is necessary to carry out researches to study the wake flow of wind turbines with consideration of the inflow turbulence. Therefore, a numerical method generating turbulence was proposed and the results show good agreement with those in experiments, based on which the flow fields in the wake of a wind turbine at two tip speed ratios are examined in detail through three actuator methods, namely, ADM, ADM-R and ALM. The performances of these methods were studied and the error sources for each method are clarified. Moreover, the computational efficiency were revealed and the influencing factor for the efficiency is concluded. Besides, the equilibrium relation of the N-S equation in the wake is revealed, which provides a theoretical basis for the optimal arrangement of the wind turbine. It shows that the mean velocity and fluctuating velocity vary greatly near the wind turbine, and become stable gradually away from the wind turbine. The results of ALM method shows the best agreement with the experiment. At near wake region, the turbulent stress term, pressure gradient term and convection term mainly contribute to the equation equilibrium, and convection term is in equilibrium with the turbulent stress term at the far wake.

Numerical and Experimental Research on Convergence Angle of Wet Sprayer Nozzle Chang Su; Yun-hai Cheng
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 4, No 9 (2018): September
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Shotcrete is a popular support method in construction of both ground projects and underground projects, such as tunnels, subways, slopes and roadway, etc. However, at present researches on the influence of nozzle structure parameters on the performance of concrete injection are insufficient. This research focuses on the influence of various parameters of nozzle structure on the evenness and dust generating, and conducts a systematic study on the flow characteristics of the concrete in the nozzle of wet spraying machinery and the quality control law, through a comprehensive research method combining theoretical analysis, numerical simulation and field tests. On the basis of dynamic analysis of the internal flow field of the nozzle, the mathematical model and numerical model of the internal flow field of the nozzle are establishes. Then the simulation calculation of the flow field of the wet spray nozzle is conducted with the FLUENT® software. The fluid’s contour about velocity and phase volume fraction in the nozzle were obtained. On this basis this paper analyzed each phase’s volume fraction of the mixed fluid in the outlet section. The convergent section of the nozzle is tested in the spray concrete impact force distribution system. The results are in good correspondence with the results of theoretical analysis and numerical simulation, which verifies the validity and reliability of the conclusion of numerical simulation. This paper provides the basis for the optimization of nozzle structure, and the improvement of the sprayed concrete construction quality.

Evaluation of the Volume Measurement Optical Method Suitability for Determining the Relative Compaction of Soils BrzeziÃ…Â„ski, Karol; MaÃ…Â›lakowski, Maciej; Liszewski, PaweÃ…Â‚
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 4, No 9 (2018): September
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

The goal of this paper is evaluation of the volume measurement optical method suitability for determining relative compaction of soils. The Structure for Motion technique was utilized in order to achieve the goal by making the three-dimensional models (with Bentley ContextCapture software). Created models were used in volume measurement of the pit-holes. The results were compared with the basic methods: the sand cone test and the water method. The laboratory tests were carried out in two stages. In the first stage, the optical method was tested in similar to operating conditions. Ten holes were made in the soil and the volumes were measured with three different methods. The results were compared and submitted for statistical analysis. Statistical analysis showed the potential of optical method. The second laboratory test focused on repeatability and accuracy of measurement. The volume of the vessel imitating a pit-hole was obtained. The results of the second stage showed that the optical method has better accuracy and lower statistical dispersion compared with sand method. On this basis it can be concluded that optical method of volume measurement has great potential in soil compaction testing.

Lateral Response of a Single Pile under Combined Axial and Lateral Cyclic Loading in Sandy Soil Kahribt, Muqdad Abdallah; Abbas, Jasim M.
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 4, No 9 (2018): September
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

According to practical situation, there have been limited investigations on the response of piles subjected to combined loadings especially when subjected to cyclic lateral loads. Those few studies led to contradictory results with regard to the effects of vertical loads on the lateral response of piles. Therefore, a series of experimental investigation into piles in dense sand subjected to combination of static vertical and cyclic lateral loading were conducted with instrumented model piles. The effect of the slenderness ratio (L/D) was also considered in this study (i.e. L/D= 25 and 40). In addition, a variety of two-way cyclic lateral loading conditions were applied to model piles using a mechanical loading system. One hundred cycles were used in each test to represent environmental loading such as offshore structures. It was found that under combined vertical and cyclic lateral loads the lateral displacement of piles decreased with an increase in vertical load whereas it causes large vertical displacements at all slenderness ratios. In addition, for all loading conditions the lateral, vertical (settlement and upward) displacements and bending moments increased as either the magnitude of cyclic load or the number of cycles increases.Â

The Effect of Soil around the Basement Walls on the Base Level of Braced Framed Tube System Mohammad Sadegh Barkhordari; Mohsen Tehranizadeh
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 4, No 9 (2018): September
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

According to the 2800 standard, the Iranian code of practice for seismic-resistant design of buildings, the base level refers to the level at which it is assumed that the horizontal movement of the ground is transmitted to the structure. In cases that there are reinforced concrete walls being run by an integrative structure in the underground perimeter, and the surrounding ground is dense and compressed, the base level is considered on the top of the basement wall. In tall structures, due to strong forces and moments at the foot of the structure, examining the location of base level and its movement becomes specially important. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of changing the properties of the soil around the underground perimeter walls on the base level, taking into account the effects of soil-structure interaction systems. In this regard, the soil-structure system was investigated in two-dimensional models and the location of the base level was identified using shear and drift changes. The results indicated that taking into account the level of the upper stories is possible through performing appropriate walls integrated with the structure even without Compacting the soil around the structure.

Compressive Strength of Steel-Fiber Concrete with Artificial Lightweight Aggregate (ALWA) Meity Wulandari; Tavio Tavio; I G. P. Raka; Puryanto Puryanto
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 4, No 9 (2018): September
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

In the last decade, there have been many innovations developed to replace the aggregate as material for concrete, particularly the coarse aggregate using the artificial lightweight aggregates a.k.a. ALWA. In the study, the main ingredient used to develop the artificial lightweight aggregates is the styrofoam. Styrofoam has a lightweight characteristic so that it can reduce the density of the concrete. If the density of the concrete can be lighter than the normal-weight concrete then the overall weight of the structure of a building will also be lighter. Thus, the shear force due to the earthquake will also be smaller so that the safety of the building becomes better. The styrofoam used was dissolved with the acetone solution and formed into granules in which the size resembled the coarse aggregate size of about 10 to 20 mm. The styrofoam which has been formed then dried up so that the texture becomes hard. In addition, steel fiber was also used as an added ingredient in concrete mixtures so that the concrete was highly resistant against cracking and was expected to increase the compressive strength of the concrete. ALWA compositions used to replace coarse aggregates were 0%, 15%, 50%, and 100%. While the composition of steel fiber used was 0%, 0.75%, and 1.5% of the total volume of the cylinder. The type of steel fiber used was hooked-end steel fiber with the diameter and the length of 0.8 mm and 60 mm, respectively. The results showed that the concrete with 15% styrofoam ALWA and 1.5% of steel fiber were able to produce optimum compressive strength by 28.5 MPa and the modulus of elasticity by 23,495 MPa. In addition, the use of Styrofoam ALWA as a substitution to the coarse aggregate can reduce the density of concrete as much as 5 to 35%.

Stakeholders’ Perception on Critical Cost Variation Factors in Malaysian Building Projects Samiullah Sohu; Abd Halid Abdullah; Sasitharan Nagapan; Ahsan Ali Buriro; Kaleemullah Kaleemullah
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 4, No 9 (2018): September
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Effective cost management is one of the prime requirements for successful completion of construction projects. However, deviation from initially planned cost had been prevalent in construction projects. Cost variation has become a frequent phenomenon in construction projects and Malaysian building projects has no exclusion. This paper aims to establish the critical factors instigating cost variation in Malaysian building projects. Extensive literature review and field survey were two main methods for conducting this study. 34 factors causing cost variation were identified through deep literature review. A questionnaire survey based on identified factors, was carried out among construction stakeholders: clients, consultants and contractors involved in handling of building projects in Malaysia. The collected data was analyzed using SPSS V22 software, which enabled the ranking of factors based on their Mean Value. The results of the survey indicated that (1) fluctuation in cost of materials, (2) improper planning, (3) Incompetent main contractors, (4) poor site management, (5) and client financial problems were top five critical factors causing cost variation in building projects. The inferences drawn in this study can serve as a guide lines for construction stakeholders to achieve effective cost management in building projects.

Page 35 of 185 | Total Record : 1848

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