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Civil Engineering Journal

cej
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Published by C.E.J Publishing Group

ISSN : 24763055 EISSN : 24763055 DOI : -

Core Subject : Engineering,

Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture

Civil Engineering Journal is a multidisciplinary, an open-access, internationally double-blind peer -reviewed journal concerned with all aspects of civil engineering, which include but are not necessarily restricted to: Building Materials and Structures, Coastal and Harbor Engineering, Constructions Technology, Constructions Management, Road and Bridge Engineering, Renovation of Buildings, Earthquake Engineering, Environmental Engineering, Geotechnical Engineering, Highway Engineering, Hydraulic and Hydraulic Structures, Structural Engineering, Surveying and Geo-Spatial Engineering, Transportation Engineering, Tunnel Engineering, Urban Engineering and Economy, Water Resources Engineering, Urban Drainage.

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Articles 1,848 Documents

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Study on Vernacular Architecture Patterns to Improve Natural Ventilation Estimating in Humid Subtropical Climate Abdollah Baghaei Daemei; Parisa Haghgooy Osmavandani; Maede Samim Nikpey
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 4, No 9 (2018): September
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Wind ventilation is an efficient design strategy for the natural cooling system (NCS) in humid climates. The building forms can generate different pressures and temperatures to induce natural ventilation. This study has been carried out in Rasht city, Iran in 2017. The method was performed using a computational fluid dynamic (CFD) approach simulation to study variance between the proposed and the actual results of a design. The goal of the study is to assist architects to design optimum building form for natural ventilation. Hence, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the form on natural ventilation. On this basis, wind flow simulation was performed using Design Builder Version 4.5. In this paper, the present usage of natural ventilation of rural residential buildings in Rasht area the application of this methodology. Initially, wind simulation was carried out based on actual building specifications. Then the proposed L-shaped extension was added to the building. The results showed that if the rectangular form is turned into an L shape, it can offer a better flow pattern for wind in all rooms, but the speed will be reduced.

Review on Different Beneficial Ways of Applying Alum Sludge in a Sustainable Disposal Manner Odimegwu, Temple Chimuanya; Zakaria, I.; Abood, M. M.; Nketsiah, C. B. K.; Ahmad, M.
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 4, No 9 (2018): September
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Disposal of waste from water treatment plant is one of the major issues most treatment plants seem not to overcome due to the constant generation of this waste as a result of meeting the demand of water and purification of water for human consumption. The effect of disposing sludge constantly in the environment has called for an economical and sustainable way of reusing alum sludge. However, this paper aimed at reviewing the possible literature on applying waste from water treatment plant in various ways, example; in building material; as brick and tiles, in concrete ; as replacement of cement and aggregate, in Geotechnics; as soil stabilizer and in agriculture; as soil fertilizer, in pottery; use as replacement of clay in flower pot production for sustainable disposal. All the above mentioned categories of uses have reviled an effective and efficient way in managing waste from water treatment plant (alum sludge), also a safer and economical manner of disposal.Â However, the effects when used and the behaviour when it is incorporated with other materials were highlighted, other reuse and disposal options where discussed and the areas not covered (knowledge gap) was identified.

Designing Human Health Risk Management Model for Dam Construction Projects R. Ghorbanalipour; AM. Ahmadvand; M. Ahmadvand; H. Eghbali
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 4, No 9 (2018): September
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Identifying the risks of dam construction projects due to their high importance in terms of utilization, the amount of investment they invest in, the location of the region, the nature of the complexity of the project, and the presence of many uncertainties, including natural disasters and costs High builds are of special importance. Selection and implementation of the project with the least risk can lead to economic savings, optimal use of resources, increased productivity, flood control and supply of drinking water, agriculture and industry. Based on the results of this study, the "human factors" factor in the probability of occurrence and outcome in the category of severity of risk was the highest score among the indicators related to risk factors assessment of dam construction projects. In this research, first, identify the main risks of the project through a questionnaire and then identify the response strategies for the most critical risks, and finally, with the help of the decision model, prepare and, through paired comparisons, the best strategy for the most important human risk factors in the Polrood dam project is selected. In order to assess the risk in the dam, the risk parameters were identified and prioritized in different stages of the project, as well as 16 sub-subsets in four categories of risk factors: human, technical-environmental, environmental and psychological factors, and using the method DEMATEL-ANP were evaluated and ranked. "The lack of sufficient training to use devices and tools" was the most critical.

The Effect of Styrofoam Artificial Lightweight Aggregate (ALWA) on Compressive Strength of Self Compacting Concrete (SCC) Darayani, Dhiafah Hera; Tavio, Tavio; Raka, I G. P.; Puryanto, Puryanto
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 4, No 9 (2018): September
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Self-compacting concrete (SCC) is a fresh concrete that is able to flow and fill up the formwork by itself without the need of a vibrator to compact it. One of the reasons that causes the damage of a building structure during an earthquake is the heavy weight of its structural members which are from the high density of the material used such concrete material. Lightweight aggregate is one of the solutions to reduce the weight of the structure. Therefore, the SCC using the artificial lightweight aggregate (ALWA) is one of the solutions to reduce the self-weight (dead load) of a structure. This research was conducted to investigate the impact of the use of ALWA in conventional concrete and SCC in terms of its compressive strength and modulus of elasticity. To study the impact of the use of ALWA in SCC, several variation of percentage of ALWA as a substitution to the natural coarse aggregate was examined. The proportions of ALWA as a replacement to the coarse aggregate were 0%, 15%, 50%, and 100%. The test specimens were the cylindrical concrete of 200 mm in height and 100 mm in diameter for both compressive strength and modulus of elasticity tests. The results of the compressive strength test indicated that the higher the percentage of ALWA used in SCC, the lower the compressive strength of the concrete. The addition of ALWA as a substitution to the natural coarse aggregate to conventional concrete and SCC was found optimum at 15% replacement with the compressive strength of conventional concrete and SCC of 21.13 and 28.33 MPa, respectively. Whereas, the modulus of elasticity of the conventional concrete and SCC were found to be 20,843.99 and 23,717.77 MPa, respectively.

An In-Depth Evaluation of Micro-Surfacing Treatment Zulu, Kelvin; Mukendi, Kalambayi K.
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 4, No 9 (2018): September
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Micro-surfacing since its formal introduction in 1980 has proved to be the number one treatment option for maintenance and preservation of pavements. This paper reviews the design and equipment practice, construction process, benefits, limitations and worldwide state of the practice of micro-surfacing. Two implemented project examples are also included to corroborate why micro-surfacing is a better preservation maintenance strategy. The general consensus from the literature is that micro-surfacing is a cost effective and eco-friendly treatment but more research needs to be done to validate and quantify the less environmental impacts and energy usage it offers unlike other treatments. Suggestions like standardization of the mixture design and whether rolling of the micro-surfacing surface adds value are future research topics that will greatly improve its effectiveness. It is my hope that through this review, more developing countries under strict budgetary constraints can take up this practice and enjoy the many benefits that micro-surfacing offers.

Numerical Comparison of the Performance of Genetic Algorithm and Particle Swarm Optimization in Excavations Hashemi, Seyyed Mohammad; Rahmani, Iraj
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 4, No 9 (2018): September
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Today, the back analysis methods are known as reliable and effective approaches for estimating the soil strength parameters in the site of project. The back analysis can be performed by genetic algorithm and particle swarm optimization in the form of an optimization process. In this paper, the back analysis is carried out using genetic algorithm and particle swarm optimization in order to determine the soil strength parameters in an excavation project in Tehran city. The process is automatically accomplished by linking between MATLAB and Abaqus software using Python programming language. To assess the results of numerical method, this method is initially compared with the results of numerical studies by Babu and Singh. After the verification of numerical results, the values of the three parameters of elastic modulus, cohesion and friction angle (parameters of the MohrâCoulomb model) of the soil are determined and optimized for three soil layers of the project site using genetic algorithm and particle swarm optimization. The results optimized by genetic algorithm and particle swarm optimization show a decrease of 72.1% and 62.4% in displacement differences in the results of project monitoring and numerical analysis, respectively. This research shows the better performance of genetic algorithm than particle swarm optimization in minimization of error and faster success in achieving termination conditions.

Influence of Fibre Length on the Behaviour of Polypropylene Fibre Reinforced Cement Concrete Imtiaz Ahmed Memon; Ashfaque Ahmed Jhatial; Samiullah Sohu; Muhammad Tahir Lakhiar; Zahid Hussain Khaskheli
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 4, No 9 (2018): September
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Concrete being a mixture of cement, aggregates (fine and coarse) and water, can be used in vast range of applications. It has excellent durability and availability which are its main advantages. Though, concrete is strong in compression it is comparatively weak in tensile loading. Over the years various materials have been used to reinforce concrete to withstand the tensile stresses. Polypropylene fibre is one such fibre which comes in varied sizes, is nowadays being utilized to reinforce concrete. In this study, three PP fibres were used at 0.20%, 0.25% and 0.30% content by weight. The flexural and compressive strengths were determined. Based on the results, it was observed with increase in size of fibre the compressive strength decreased significantly though it was still higher than the controlled sample. The length of PP fibres had significant effect on the compressive strength and flexural strength of concrete. Short PP fibres showed relatively higher compressive strength but lower flexural strength when higher fibre content is used, while long PP fibres achieved lower compressive strength but higher flexural strength than shorter PP fibres. The optimum dosage for both PP fibre sizes was 0.25% at which it achieved increased strength as compared to control sample.

Developing Water Quality Index to Assess the Quality of the Drinking Water Shahad Esmaeel Mohammed; Khalid Adel Abdulrazzaq
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 4, No 10 (2018): October
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

In the present study, an attempt has been to develop a new water quality index (WQI) method that depends on the Iraqi specifications for drinking water (IQS 417, 2009) to assess the validity of the Euphrates River for drinking by classifying the quality of the river water at different stations along its entire reach inside the Iraqi lands. The proposed classifications by this method are: Excellent, Good, Acceptable, Poor, and Very poor. Eight water quality parameters have been selected to represent the quality of the river water these are: Ion Hydrogen Concentration (pH), Calcium (Ca), Magnesium (Mg), Sodium (Na), Chloride (Cl), Sulphate (SO_4), Nitrate (NO_3), and Total Dissolved Solids (TDS). The variation of the water quality parameters along the river have been represented by graphs using Excel.2013 software. The results revealed that the quality of the Euphrates River ranges from “Good” to “Poor”, it enters the Iraqi borders with “Good” water quality and gradually its quality begins to decrease after it receives pollution from many sources such as domestic sewage and different industrial effluents until its quality becomes “Poor” according to the proposed classification. Finally the proposed WQI can be used as a tool to assess the quality of the river with both place and time.

Effects of Site-Dependent Errors on the Accuracy of C/A Code DGPS Positioning Dammalage, Thilantha Lakmal
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 4, No 10 (2018): October
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Several differential GPS processing techniques can be used; for instance, single differencing and double differencing, which are popular in practice. Irrespective of the DGPS processing technique used, the ultimate accuracy of the user-location depends on the existence of non-common or site-dependent errors, which occur at the points of observation and the reference. Of these, the most common and dominant site-dependent error is the multipath. Therefore, this research evaluates the effects of site-dependent errors on C/A code differential GPS correction accuracies by providing special emphasis on the multipath error. For the analyses, four segments of about 24-hour continuous static C/A code based DGPS observations were conducted at three precisely known ground stations and four different multipath environments were introduced by placing three different types of artificial signal reflectors at one of the observation stations. By using the known GPS receiver-reflector configuration, pseudo-range multipath was precisely calculated for each observation segment. C/A code DGPS positioning accuracies before and after multipath mitigation were presented by evaluating the effect of the most dominant site-dependent error, i.e., multipath, on C/A code DGPS correction accuracies.

Characterizing Infrastructure Resilience in Disasters Using Dynamic Network Analysis of Consumersâ Service Disruption Patterns Nazarnia, Hadi; Sarmasti, Hadi
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 4, No 10 (2018): October
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

This study proposes a network analysis framework for characterizing infrastructure resilience in the aftermath of disasters through the use of consumersâ service disruption information. In the presented framework, the notion of âpeersâ is used to construct the network models of consumers experiencing service disruption in the aftermath of a disaster to understand the type and extent of infrastructure damages and specify disruption patterns. Data related to electricity disruption in Bhaktapur, Nepal, in the aftermath of the 2015 Gorkha Earthquake is used to construct the network models of consumersâ networks at different points in time in the aftermath of the disaster. The created models are then used in network analysis for examining the network topological characteristics (such as clustering) and specifying the attributes of service disruption. The contribution of this paper lie in: (i) the development and validation of a novel network from disruption information, (ii) identify the extent of infrastructure disruption, type of damage, and recoverability from changes in network topology over time.

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