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INDONESIA
Civil Engineering Journal
Published by C.E.J Publishing Group
ISSN : 24763055     EISSN : 24763055     DOI : -
Core Subject : Engineering,
Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture
Civil Engineering Journal is a multidisciplinary, an open-access, internationally double-blind peer -reviewed journal concerned with all aspects of civil engineering, which include but are not necessarily restricted to: Building Materials and Structures, Coastal and Harbor Engineering, Constructions Technology, Constructions Management, Road and Bridge Engineering, Renovation of Buildings, Earthquake Engineering, Environmental Engineering, Geotechnical Engineering, Highway Engineering, Hydraulic and Hydraulic Structures, Structural Engineering, Surveying and Geo-Spatial Engineering, Transportation Engineering, Tunnel Engineering, Urban Engineering and Economy, Water Resources Engineering, Urban Drainage.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 1,848 Documents
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Numerical Investigation of the Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Beam Reinforced with FRP Bars Mohammed, Rania Salih; Fangyuan, Zhou
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 5, No 11 (2019): November
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/cej-2019-03091412

Abstract

In this study, the behavior of reinforced concrete beams reinforced with FRP bars was investigated. A total of seventeen models were carried out based on the finite element software (ABAQUS). The concrete damage plasticity modeling was considered. Two types of fiber polymer bars, CFRP and GFRP as longitudinal reinforcement for concrete beam were used. The validation of numerical results was confirmed by experimental results, then the parametric study was conducted to evaluate the effect of change in different parameters, such as (diameter size, number of bars), type of FRP bars, longitudinal arrangement for FRP bars. All results were analyzed and discussed through, load-deflection diagram, according, to the difference parameter considered. The results showed that the use of FRP bars in rebar concrete beam improves the beam stiffness and enhance the cracking load. The load capacity enhanced in the range of (7.88-64.82%) when used CFRP bars. The load-carrying capacity of beams strengthened with CFRP is higher than that of strengthened with GFRP. Furthermore, the use of FRP bars in bottom and steel in top reinforcement is useful to overcome the large deflection, and improving the beam ductility. Finally, the results of finite element models were compared with the prediction equation, according to ACI440.1R-15.
Effect of Compactive Efforts on Strength of Laterites Stabilized with Sawdust Ash Ogundipe, Olumide Moses; Adekanmi, Jonathan Segun; Akinkurolere, Olufunke Olanike; Ale, Peter Olu
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 5, No 11 (2019): November
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/cej-2019-03091428

Abstract

This study investigates the effects of different compactive efforts on the strength of laterites stabilized with sawdust ash (SDA). Laterites in the categories of A-7-5 and A-7-6 were considered because they are not suitable in the natural states as subgrade materials. The geotechnical properties of the laterites in their natural states were determined. The sawdust was burnt and sieved through 600micron. The sawdust ash (at 2%, 4%, 6%, 8% and 10%) was added to the laterites and the atterberg limits were determined, while the California bearing ratio and Unconfined compression test were determined using three compactive efforts (596, 1192 and 2682KN-m/m3).It was generally observed that the maximum dry densities of the natural and stabilised laterites increase with increase in the compactive efforts, while the optimum moisture contents reduce. The plasticity indices of the laterites increased with the addition of SDA. The optimum values of the MDDs (2006 and 1878 kg/m3) were observed at 4% and 6% SDA of 2682 kN-m/m3 compactive effort for samples A and B, respectively. The soaked and unsoaked CBR values of the soils at natural state are 4.89 and 16.33%, and 3.4 and 5.62% for samples A and B, respectively. The results indicate that the higher the compactive efforts, the higher the CBR values of the two samples. Increase in SDA contents of soil samples A and B showed a non-predictable trend on their CBR values. The Unconfined Compressive Strength values at natural and treated states fell below the requirements. Generally, it was found that the use of sawdust ash alone as stabilizer was not effective. Therefore, it was concluded that future studies should consider the use of the sawdust ash in combination with cement or lime.
An Evaluation of Barriers obstructing the Applicability of Public Private Partnership (PPP) in Infrastructure Development Sedqi Esmaeel Rezouki; Jinan Kata'a Hassan
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 5, No 12 (2019): December
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/cej-2019-03091439

Abstract

Shortage in funds after the declining in oil prices since 2014, made Iraq government encourage private sector engagement in financing infrastructure projects through PPP. However, private sector reluctance was notable.  Therefore, this research is conducted to assess if Iraq is a supportive environment for PPP projects development. 25 risk factors of PPP projects have been listed and organized within a questionnaire that was conducted with a participation of 98 respondents from public, private institutions and academics. Means comparison was used to rank and identify respondent agreement on assessing the level of importance of these risk factors, also nonparametric tests were used. Findings indicated that all respondents groups have agreed on ranking corruption on the top of barriers that government should deal with to ensure the success of PPP projects. Afterward scarcity of private funds came in the first place followed by insufficient public administration processes and then by the lack of legal framework followed by the delays in acquisition of land and while the lack of sovereign guarantee came at the fifth place. The perceptions of survey groups’ respondents concerning the importance of risk factors differ , where both public and academics respondents have serious concerns regarding the private sector capacity to carry out the task and the availability of private funds. On the other hand the private sector concerns the availability of government incentives to support for infrastructure PPP projects. Overall findings indicated that government must work on building a solid enabling environment before the initiation of PPP approach in Iraq.
The Sustainability of Cement Mortar with Raw Sewage Sludge and Rice Husk Ash Rawa Shakir Muwashee
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 6, No 1 (2020): January
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/cej-2020-03091456

Abstract

This study devotes to investigate the use of Raw Sewage Sludge (RSS) and Rice Husk Ash (RHA) to obtain sustainable construction materials. This study focuses on the evaluation of using cement-based materials having RSS and RHA. The methodology of this study could be summarized by replacing water by RSS and replacement of 10 %RHA from the weight of cement. Five groups have been used with different ratios of RSS/binder; for each group with and without RHA. In addition, the sand/binder ratio has been changed for Group 2. This method includes testing the flowability, compressive strength, Total Water Absorption (TWA) and density for the mortar mixes containing these materials. The results indicate that mixes with added materials encourage the results compared to control mixes. Addition of RHA considerably decreases flowability; however it enhanced compressive strength for all groups especially for Groups 3, 4 and 5.  Moreover, the minimum values of TWA were recorded when 10% RHA was utilized as a cement replacement for both RSS and water mixes. Finally, it was found that replacing RSS by water, leads to the reduction in flowability and TWA in all mixes especially at 10% RHA; whereas the strength and density increase.
Non-linear Analysis of Slender High Strength Concrete Column Ernesto Fenollosa; Iván Cabrera; Verónica Llopis; Adolfo Alonso
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 5, No 7 (2019): July
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/cej-2019-03091343

Abstract

This article shows the influence of axial force eccentricity on high strength concrete columns design. The behavior of columns made of normal, middle and high strength concrete with slenderness values between 20 and 60 under an eccentric axial force has been studied. Structural analysis has been developed by means of software which considers both geometrical and mechanical non-linearity. The sequence of points defined by increasing values of axial force and bending moment produced by eccentricity has been represented on the cross-section interaction diagram until failure for each tested column. Then, diagrams depicting the relationship between failure axial force and column's slenderness have been drawn. The loss of bearing capacity of the member for normal and middle strength columns when compared with the bearing capacity of their cross-section is more noticeable as axial force eccentricity assumes higher values. However, this situation reverses for high strength columns with high slenderness values. On the basis of results obtained, the accuracy level for the moment magnifier method was checked. Despite the good concordance in most of the cases, it was verified that the moment magnifier method leads to excessively tight results for high strength concrete columns with high slenderness values. In these specific cases, a coefficient which amends the column rigidity is proposed so as to obtain safer values.
Assessment of SMC Frames under Different Column Removal Scenarios Mariam Mohammed Ehab; Mina Mokhtar Maxi
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 6, No 2 (2020): February
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/cej-2020-03091471

Abstract

Throughout the past decades, failure of structures threatening the lives of humans had been popular whether through structure failure due to human error such as Hyatt Regency walkway collapse, 1981, terrorist attacks on the American embassy attack in Nairobi, Kenya 1998 and the famous 9/11 attacks in 2001 and many more. As a result of these incidents, The Unified Facilities Criteria (UFC) was developed concerning the progressive collapse issues by analyzing different types of structures under column loss and studying the overall structural behavior. However, the (UFC) didn’t scope on the local behavior of the structural components and its connection under column loss. In this research, the main objective is to study the local behavior of the special moment frame connection (SMC) under column loss. A detailed study is conducted on a 3D model fully designed by adopting the strong-column weak-beam approach following the ACI318-14 regulations. Two frames are selected from the designed structure, interior and exterior frames, to apply the column loss scenario in different locations and different floor levels. The Applied Element Method is adopted in the study. Non-linear time-dependent dynamic analysis is implemented to apply the different column removal scenarios. Twelve case studies are modeled in detail using the Extreme Loading for Structures (ELS) software at which all elements are modeled and analyzed in a 3D model technique. After analyzing the different case studies, structure behavior is observed. Some cases encountered total collapse, other cases encountered partial /local collapse and finally, some survived the column loss scenario. Many parameters are involved and studied in the research.  Failure pattern is observed for collapsed cases, the cause of failure is monitored and studied. Special moment connection behavior is studied concerning the shear connection capacity. The location of the column removal with the type of frame selected played an important role in changing the structural behavior from one case to another. As a result, it is not applicable to assume that due to the special moment connection ductility, the structure will be able to resist the column loss in all cases.
Effective Utilization of Municipal Solid Waste as Substitute for Natural Resources in Cement Industry Rehman, Abdur; Khan, Kashif Ali; Hamid, Tayyaba; Nasir, Hassan; Ahmad, Izhar; Alam, Muhammad
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 6, No 2 (2020): February
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/cej-2020-03091467

Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate the municipal solid waste (MSW) composition of Peshawar city and its affective utilization for energy purpose in the cement industry. A total 14 days consecutive testing of MSW samples was conducted for winter and summer periods for the purpose of evaluation of the waste composition followed by calculating its heating values. Compliance level of MSW at source was determined which was based upon the questionnaire distribution followed by the financial analysis and feasibility evaluation of the project. The results revealed that the average waste composition of the samples consists of organic waste contents (20.72%), combustible items (37.86%), readily saleable items (20.95%) and other miscellaneous waste items (20.46%). Moreover, the samples were then tested for the evaluation of calorific value and it was found that the heating value of MSW is recorded up to 35513 KJ/Kg whereas; the value for coal is around 38000 KJ/Kg. These findings revealed that the replacement of coal by MSW may be more efficient and might be effectively utilized in the production of cement as the energy production of MSW and coal is nearly same. In addition, the utilization of MSW as a replacement of coal has a great potential of enhancing the service life of the landfills. Besides, NPV analysis of this study revealed that the project is worthwhile to be implemented as it shows high returns regarding financial aspects.
Integrated TRMM Data and Standardized Precipitation Index to Monitor the Meteorological Drought Abdulrazzaq, Zaidoon T.; Hasan, Raghad H.; Aziz, Nadia A.
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 5, No 7 (2019): July
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/cej-2019-03091355

Abstract

Droughts are a major problem in Iraq especially in the Arid and Semi-Arid Lands where they are frequent and causes a great deal of suffering and loss. Drought monitoring and forecasting requires extensive climate and meteorological data which is usually largely missing in developing countries or not available in the required spatial and temporal resolutions. In this study, the drought categories were defined for the years 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015 and 2017 using the TRMM data to map the spatiotemporal meteorological drought, and the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) to analyze the meteorological drought at 11 stations located in Western Iraq. The SPI analyses were performed on 12-month datasets for five years. The results showed that the northeast region has the higher rainfall indices and the southwest region has the lowest rainfall. An analysis of the drought and rain conditions showed that the quantity of extreme drought events was higher than that expected in the study area, especially in the south and southwest areas. Therefore, an alternate classification is proposed to describe the drought, which spatially classifies the drought type as mild, moderate, severe and extreme. In conclusion, the integration between TRMM data SPI data proved to be an effective tool to map the spatial distribution and drought assessment in the study area.
Tests on the Mechanical Properties of Corroded Cement Mortar after High Temperature Liang-Xiao, Xiong; Cong, Chen
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 6, No 3 (2020): March
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/cej-2020-03091483

Abstract

Durability of cement mortar and concrete materials under sea water condition is always an important research topic. The objective of this work is to understand the mechanical properties of corroded cement mortar after high temperature, the cement mortar specimens after high temperature were placed in water and sodium sulfate solution, and then the uniaxial compression tests were carried out on the cement mortar specimens after corroded. Test results show that both the differences of compressive strength and strain at the peak stress after high temperature caused by high temperature, are relatively small when the specimens are eroded in water, and the differences are relatively high when the specimens are eroded in sodium sulfate solution. The compressive strength of the cement mortar specimens under normal temperature eroded in sodium sulfate solution is highest, and that eroded in water is lowest. The compressive strength of specimen after high temperature eroded in water is highest and that eroded in sodium sulfate solution is lowest. The strain at the peak stress of specimen, whether after high temperature or not, is highest when eroded in sodium sulfate solution, and that eroded in water is lowest. At present, there are few research results about the mechanical properties of concrete first after high temperature and then after sea water corrosion. The work in this paper can enrich the results in this area.
Performance Assessment of Screw Piles Embedded in Soft Clay Omar Kareem Ali; Hassan O. Abbas
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 5, No 8 (2019): August
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/cej-2019-03091371

Abstract

Screw piles are widely used in a variety engineering applications supplying stability against compression, overturning moment, uplift tension, and horizontal loads. Screw pile is a famous solution for support light structures, roads and rail signs which have relatively low-capacity foundation. In this study, the behavior of circular (10) mm solid screw pile models embedded in a bed of soft clay soil covering a layer of sandy soil has been studied. The 200 mm thick sand layer was compacted in a steel container with a diameter of 300 mm into four sublayers. The sandy soil layer was compacted at a relative density of 70%. The 300 mm thick soft clay soil bed with Cu (30) kPa was compacted in six sub-layers on the sandy bottom layer. Model tests are carried out with screw piles with a length of 300 mm, 350 mm and 400 mm and a helix diameter of 30 mm. Also, single and double helix and different S/Dh ratio were used for these piles and a comparative study between screw piles and ordinary piles (without helices) is accomplished. This study revealed that introducing screw pile of double helix increases its bearing capacity in soft clay soil by up to a (4-8) % as compared to a single helix screw pile. The results showed that the behavior of screw pile essentially depends on the geometric properties of the pile. According to the achievements, compressive load capacity of screw piles depends on embedded length, spacing ratio (S/Dh) and number of helical plates.

Page 59 of 185 | Total Record : 1848

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