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INDONESIA
Civil Engineering Journal
Published by C.E.J Publishing Group
ISSN : 24763055     EISSN : 24763055     DOI : -
Core Subject : Engineering,
Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture
Civil Engineering Journal is a multidisciplinary, an open-access, internationally double-blind peer -reviewed journal concerned with all aspects of civil engineering, which include but are not necessarily restricted to: Building Materials and Structures, Coastal and Harbor Engineering, Constructions Technology, Constructions Management, Road and Bridge Engineering, Renovation of Buildings, Earthquake Engineering, Environmental Engineering, Geotechnical Engineering, Highway Engineering, Hydraulic and Hydraulic Structures, Structural Engineering, Surveying and Geo-Spatial Engineering, Transportation Engineering, Tunnel Engineering, Urban Engineering and Economy, Water Resources Engineering, Urban Drainage.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 1,848 Documents
 69   70   71   72   73 
Fibers, Geopolymers, Nano and Alkali-Activated Materials for Deep Soil Mix Binders John Kok Hee Wong; Sien Ti Kok; Soon Yee Wong
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 6, No 4 (2020): April
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/cej-2020-03091511

Abstract

Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) and Lime (CaO) have traditionally been used as binder materials for Deep Soil Mix (DSM) ground improvement. Research has been conducted into possible alternatives such as pozzolans to reduce reliance on either cement or lime. However, pozzolans still undergo similar calcium-based reactions in the strengthening process. In this review, further alternative binder materials for soil strength development are explored. These recent developments include fiber reinforcement materials, alkali activation methods, nanomaterials and geopolymers, which can potentially achieve equal or improved performance. Research to date has shown that alkali-activated materials and geopolymers can be equivalent or superior alternatives to pozzolanic supplemented cement binders. The case is made for GP cements which potentially produces 80% less CO2 than conventional portland cement during manufacture. One-part AAM and GP cements are a promising substitute for portland cement in DSM. A combined approach which incorporates both Ca and alkali activated/geopolymer types of materials and hence reactions is proposed.
One-Dimensional Hydrodynamic Modeling of the Euphrates River and Prediction of Hydraulic Parameters Nassrin Jassim Hussien Al-Mansori; Laith Shaker Ashoor Al-Zubaidi
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 6, No 6 (2020): June
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/cej-2020-03091530

Abstract

Forecasting techniques are essential in the planning, design, and management of water resource systems. The numerical model introduced in this study turns governing differential equations into systems of linear or non-linear equations in the flow field, thereby revealing solutions. This one-dimensional hydrodynamic model represents the varied unsteady flow found in natural channels based on the Saint-Venant Equations. The model consists of the equations for the conservation of mass and momentum, which are recognized as very powerful mathematical tools for studying an important class of water resource problems. These problems are characterized by time dependence of flow and cover a wide range of phenomena. The formulations, held up by the four-point implicit finite difference scheme, solve the nonlinear system of equations using the Newton-Raphson iteration method with a modified Gaussian elimination technique. The model is calibrated using data on the Euphrates River during the early spring flood in 2015. It is verified by its application to an ideal canal and to the reach selected at the Euphrates River; this application is also used to predict the effect of hydraulic parameters on the river’s flow characteristics. A comparison between model results and field data indicates the feasibility of our technique and the accuracy of results (R2 = 0.997), meaning that the model is ready for future application whenever field observations are available. 
Effect of Reinforced Concrete Jacketing on Axial Load Capacity of Reinforced Concrete Column Praveen Anand; Ajay Kumar Sinha
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 6, No 7 (2020): July
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/cej-2020-03091546

Abstract

Whenever a member of a structure becomes structurally deficient, it becomes vulnerable to the existing load and for the additional loads that it may be subjected to in the coming future. Since columns are the most important structural element, the structural retrofit of columns, relative to other structural elements is of prime importance. This study intends to investigate the performance and behaviour of an RC column jacketed with Reinforced Concrete columns under axial loads. The objective of this paper is to find out the efficiency of RC jacket in enhancing the strength of an existing RC column. A mathematical design based upon Indian Standards codes has been designed to identify the behaviour of jacketed RC columns. This has been followed by a finite element based numerical simulation using the same material properties as used in the process of designing. The simulation has been done in ABAQUS software with appropriate contact modelling. The analytical model considers that there is no bond slippage between the existing and new concrete surface i.e. the bond between the existing and new concrete is assumed to be perfect. This perfect bond between the surfaces has been modelled by using appropriate constraints in ABAQUS software. The finite element models show fair agreement with the designed values in terms of ultimate capacity and failure mode. The load bearing capacity enhancement of the RC jacketed column has been found to increase substantially. The enhancement capacity results obtained from the finite element software differs about 16-25% from the design values.
Risks and Opportunities for Reforming Construction with Blockchain: Bibliometric Study Mohammad Darabseh; João Poças Martins
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 6, No 6 (2020): June
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/cej-2020-03091541

Abstract

Emerging technologies are always treated with caution, and Blockchain is no exception to this rule. The AECO (Architecture, Engineering, Construction, and Operations) sector is considered conservative when it comes to technology adoption, which is often positive in an industry that deals with a vital commodity that could harm humans or result in catastrophe. However, excessive caution also stifles innovation, as shown in the industry’s low R&D expenditure when compared to other industrial activities. In recent years, the AECO sector has benefited from the adoption of new information management tools and systems that allow professionals to develop, share and store construction data more effectively. These tools have successfully tackled many of the traditional interoperability issues that have affected the industry, but several challenges remain unsolved. Indeed, effective real-world communication depends, not only on the compatibility between data formats and systems, but also on issues such as privacy, transparency, and trust. Blockchain has been adopted in different activities as a tool to address these issues, but its impact in the construction industry remains scarce. This paper presents a bibliometric study for the available literature on Blockchain implementation in the AECO sector. In addition to the bibliometric review, content analysis for the literature retrieved is presented to provide a clear vision of the current directions regarding Blockchain technology adoption. The purpose of this article is to evaluate the maturity of Blockchain in Construction literature using statistics based on the available bibliometrics in addition to content analysis. The main results show that although the number of articles about the use of Blockchain in Construction has increased, no studies that present ready to use solutions were found. Instead, the covered studies discuss the technical capabilities of the technology and suggest possible fields of implementation, such as smart contracts and automated payments. Study limitations include the limited amount of literature that can be found on major indexing services, which cover a relatively short reference period.
City as Habitat; Assembling the Fragile City Francis O. Okeke; Ibem O. Eziyi; Clifford A. Udeh; Emmanuel C. Ezema
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 6, No 6 (2020): June
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/cej-2020-03091536

Abstract

The African continent is urbanizing at a breakneck pace and our cities are in a state of crisis. The causes may vary, so also is the degree of severity, but there is a widely felt sense of urban problems requiring urgent solutions. The nature of the problems is complex, with economic, social, educational, political and physical factors playing major roles in exacerbating the situation. Yet, whatever is perceived to be the most serious physical problems in a city, one key underlying question always present is: What can be done about the disaffection of people for their own urban environments? This issue of fragility may be seen in simple terms of a drop in the perceived desirability of the city as a place one can to live, work or shop in. Whatever the name, the fact is that too many Nigerian cities are becoming unattractive to many citizens and residents. This paper aims at identifying the various ways of assembling a fragile city. Through the review of existing literature, the paper highlights the causes of city fragility focusing on three Nigerian cities. It also discusses fragility as the main hurdle to implementing Sustainable Development Goals and how fragile situation birth architecture of fear. Then, it concludes by noting that developing nations in sub-Saharan Africa, including Nigeria need to be proactive in deconstructing their fragile cities.
Numerical Analysis of Seepage in Earth-Fill Dams Nassrin Jassim Hussien Al-Mansori; Thair AL-Fatlawi Jabbar Mizhir Al-Fatlawi; Nariman Yahya Othman; Laith Shaker Ashoor Al-Zubaidi
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 6, No 7 (2020): July
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/cej-2020-03091552

Abstract

In an earth-fill dam, the effect of seepage has been studied by applying a finite element method using the SEEP2D program. This is in order to determine the quantity of seepage through the dam. The total head measurements, core permeability, and anisotropy ratio (kx/ky) (Case study: Khassa Chai Dam, Iraq) are taken as the main parameters. The effect of the different water heads of the reservoir were tested on the seepage. The results showed that any increase in the water heads caused an increase in seepage quantity. Also, it was found that the seepage rate decreases by about 8.7%, 13.2%, and 15.3% at levels of water 454, 471, and 485 m.a.s.l, respectively by changing the core permeability from 10-6 m/s to 10-7 m/s. It has been concluded that the clay core plays a significant role in decreasing the seepage quantity and existing gradient. The results of testing the effect of anisotropy ratio on seepage showed that an increase in (kx/ky) ratio leads to an increase in seepage quantity. Output variables and input variables have been linked by the ANN model that governs seepage quantity through zoned earth dams and existed gradients. The results showed that both models present a good estimation for the determination of coefficient R2 (0.9003, 0.933).
Sacrificial Piles as Scour Countermeasures in River Bridges A Numerical Study using FLOW-3D Nazari-Sharabian, Mohammad; Nazari-Sharabian, Aliasghar; Karakouzian, Moses; Karami, Mehrdad
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 6, No 6 (2020): June
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/cej-2020-03091531

Abstract

Scour is defined as the erosive action of flowing water, as well as the excavating and carrying away materials from beds and banks of streams, and from the vicinity of bridge foundations, which is one of the main causes of river bridge failures. In the present study, implementing a numerical approach, and using the FLOW-3D model that works based on the finite volume method (FVM), the applicability of using sacrificial piles in different configurations in front of a bridge pier as countermeasures against scouring is investigated. In this regard, the numerical model was calibrated based on an experimental study on scouring around an unprotected circular river bridge pier. In simulations, the bridge pier and sacrificial piles were circular, and the riverbed was sandy. In all scenarios, the flow rate was constant and equal to 45 L/s. Furthermore, one to five sacrificial piles were placed in front of the pier in different locations for each scenario. Implementation of the sacrificial piles proved to be effective in substantially reducing the scour depths. The results showed that although scouring occurred in the entire area around the pier, the maximum and minimum scour depths were observed on the sides (using three sacrificial piles located upstream, at three and five times the pier diameter) and in the back (using five sacrificial piles located upstream, at four, six, and eight times the pier diameter) of the pier. Moreover, among scenarios where single piles were installed in front of the pier, installing them at a distance of five times the pier diameter was more effective in reducing scour depths. For other scenarios, in which three piles and five piles were installed, distances of six and four times the pier diameter for the three piles scenario, and four, six, and eight times the pier diameter for the five piles scenario were most effective.
An Experimental Study on Behavior of Sustainable Rubberized Concrete Mixes Kadhim, Ali Abdulameer; Al-Mutairee, Hayder M. K.
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 6, No 7 (2020): July
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/cej-2020-03091547

Abstract

In terms of recycling and reuse, today's global generation of waste tire well exceeds its consumption. This has resulted in the accumulation of large stocks of toxic rubber waste that raise health and safety risks. The use of waste tire rubber for the construction of the concrete structure was suggested to combat this challenge. This paper explores tests that were performed with samples of waste tire rubber concrete to evaluate compressive strength, flexural tensile strength, modulus of rupture, and impacts resistance. The main parameters investigated were the rubber ratio as a partial volumetric replacement with fine and coarse aggregate. Chip and crumb rubbers were used to replace coarse and fine aggregate respectively in four different amounts by volume (5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%). Even if the inclusion of waste tire rubber in concrete has specific apparent degradations, the potential benefit seems to overlook the adverse effects and also meet the primary significant value of resolution for rubber waste utilization problems. The results show that the substitution of natural fine or coarse aggregates with crump-chip tier rubber will reduce mechanical properties (compressive, flexural and splitting tensile strength), but increase the impacts resistance to 426% and 396% when 20% coarse aggregates and 20% fine aggregates are replaced by rubber respectively. The proposed mix shows an ability to replace 20% of the aggregate (coarse or fine), and the producing, rubcrete, still structural concrete.
SENSITIVITY OF DIRECT RUNOFF TO CURVE NUMBER USING THE SCS-CN METHOD Soomro, Abdul Ghani; Babar, Muhammad Munir; Memon, Anila Hameem; Zaidi, Arjumand Zehra; Ashraf, Arshad; Lund, Jewell
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 5, No 12 (2019): December
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/cej-2019-03091445

Abstract

This study explores the impact of runoff curve number (CN) on the hydrological model outputs for the Morai watershed, Sindh-Pakistan, using the Soil Conservation Service Curve Number (SCS-CN) method. The SCS-CN method is an empirical technique used to estimate rainfall-runoff volume from precipitation in small watersheds, and CN is an empirically derived parameter used to calculate direct runoff from a rainfall event. CN depends on soil type, its condition, and the land use and land cover (LULC) of an area. Precise knowledge of these factors was not available for the study area, and therefore, a range of values was selected to analyze the sensitivity of the model to the changing CN values. Sensitivity analysis involves a methodological manipulation of model parameters to understand their impacts on model outputs. A range of CN values from 40-90 was selected to determine their effects on model results at the sub-catchment level during the historic flood year of 2010. The model simulated 362 cumecs of peak discharge for CN=90; however, for CN=40, the discharge reduced substantially to 78 cumecs (a 78.46% reduction). Event-based comparison of water volumes for different groups of CN values?90-75, 80-75, 75-70, and 90-40 ?showed reductions in water availability of 8.88%, 3.39%, 3.82%, and 41.81%, respectively. Although it is known that the higher the CN, the greater the discharge from direct runoff and the less initial losses, the sensitivity analysis quantifies that impact and determines the amount of associated discharges with changing CN values. The results of the case study suggest that CN is one of the most influential parameters in the simulation of direct runoff. Knowledge of accurate runoff is important in both wet (flood management) and dry periods (water availability). A wide range in the resulting water discharges highlights the importance of precise CN selection. Sensitivity analysis is an essential facet of establishing hydrological models in limited data watersheds. The range of CNs demonstrates an enormous quantitative consequence on direct runoff, the exactness of which is necessary for effective water resource planning and management. The method itself is not novel, but the way it is proposed here can justify investments in determining the accurate CN before initiating mega projects involving rainfall-runoff simulations. Even a small error in CN value may lead to serious consequences. In the current study, the sensitivity analysis challenges the strength of the results of a model in the presence of ambiguity regarding CN value.
Towards Energy Efficient Onsite Wastewater Treatment Mirra, Renata; Ribarov, Christian; Valchev, Dobril; Ribarova, Irina
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 6, No 7 (2020): July
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/cej-2020-03091542

Abstract

The objective of this work is to demonstrate that some weaknesses of the onsite packaged WWTP associated with high operational costs and energy inefficiency could be overcome by improved management. The research methodology consists of series of batch studies with sludge from municipal or onsite WWTP, which simulate different working regimes of the onsite WWTPs – daily operation, toilet flushing and dishwasher machine. A simple classical tool, Oxygen Uptake Rate (OUR) is used to prove the hypothesis that regardless the specificity of the onsite WWTPs, namely the irregularity of the flow and load, three parameters follow similar increasing and decreasing trends – inflow rate, inflow pollution load and oxygen demand in the reactor. The literature review has not shown research publication about applicability of (OUR) for management of onsite WWTPs, but has shown experience and knowledge with municipal WWTPs, which were utilized in our study. The results prove that when there is no wastewater generation in the household, the (OUR) in the reactor is very low, 0.0007 to 0.0015 mg/l.s, thus do not require high oxygen supply. However, when wastewater flushes into the onsite WWTP, the oxygen demand increases rapidly and (OUR) reaches the range of 0.0040 to 0.0063 mg/l.s depending on the type and the quantity of the incoming substrate (pollution load). These results, if verified in filed experiments will enable optimization of the energy use during onsite WWTP operation.  The suggestion is that the oxygen supply in the reactor should be adjusted according to the demand, respectively proportional to the inflow rate. In addition to the benefit of saving energy, the comprehensive sensors for dissolved oxygen monitoring, which require qualified maintenance could be avoided and replaced by simple sensors for level, which are anyway part of the equipment of most of the onsite packaged WWTP.

Page 71 of 185 | Total Record : 1848

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