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INDONESIA
Civil Engineering Journal
Published by C.E.J Publishing Group
ISSN : 24763055     EISSN : 24763055     DOI : -
Core Subject : Engineering,
Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture
Civil Engineering Journal is a multidisciplinary, an open-access, internationally double-blind peer -reviewed journal concerned with all aspects of civil engineering, which include but are not necessarily restricted to: Building Materials and Structures, Coastal and Harbor Engineering, Constructions Technology, Constructions Management, Road and Bridge Engineering, Renovation of Buildings, Earthquake Engineering, Environmental Engineering, Geotechnical Engineering, Highway Engineering, Hydraulic and Hydraulic Structures, Structural Engineering, Surveying and Geo-Spatial Engineering, Transportation Engineering, Tunnel Engineering, Urban Engineering and Economy, Water Resources Engineering, Urban Drainage.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 1,848 Documents
 70   71   72   73   74 
Effect of Maximum Aggregate Size on the Strength of Normal and High Strength Concrete Gaith Abdulhamza Mohammed; Samer Abdul Amir Al-Mashhadi
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 6, No 6 (2020): June
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/cej-2020-03091537

Abstract

Aggregates form 60% to 75% of concrete volume and thus influence its mechanical properties. The strength of (normal or high-strength) concrete is affected by the maximum size of a well-graded coarse aggregate. Concrete mixes containing larger coarse aggregate particles need less mixing water than those containing smaller coarse aggregates, In other words, small aggregate particles have more surface area than a large aggregate particle. In this research, about twenty-two mixtures were covered to study the effect of the MSCA, on compressive strength of (normal strength concrete) and Sixteen mixtures to study the effect of the maximum size of coarse aggregate on compressive strength for (high strength concrete). The concrete mixture is completely redesigned according to the maximum size of coarse aggregate needs and maintaining uniform workability for all sizes of coarse aggregate. The American design method was adopted ACI 211.1, for normal concrete. ACI 211-4R, the design method was adopted for high strength concrete. And use the MSCA with dimensions (9.5, 12.5, 19, 25, 37.5, and 50) mm for normal strength concrete and the MSCA (9.5, 12.5, 19, and 25) mm for high strength concrete. The slump was fixed (75-100) mm for normal strength concrete. Slump is fixed to (25-50) mm for high strength concrete before added Superplasticizer high range water reducer (HRWR). With Fineness Modulus (F.M) fixed to 2.8 for both normal concrete and high-strength concrete. According to the results of the tests, the compressive strength increases with the increase in the MSCA, of the normal concrete and also high – strength concrete. And the effect of the MSCA, on the compressive strength of normal concrete, is higher than that of high-strength concrete.
Modeling of the Solar Thermal Energy Use in Urban Areas Qerimi, Drita; Dimitrieska, Cvete; Vasilevska, Sanja; Rrecaj, Arlinda Alimehaj
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 6, No 7 (2020): July
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/cej-2020-03091553

Abstract

Most of the generated electricity in Kosovo is produced from fossil fuel, a part of the energy comes from the import, while participation of renewable resources is symbolic, and a bias between the grid extension and the load of power generated sometimes results in shortage of electricity and thus frequent power cuts. The use of renewable energy and particularly the solar thermal energy represents one of the most promising alternative strategies. In Kosovo, the global horizontal radiation ranges from 1241 kWh/m2 per year in Shterpce to 1461 kWh/m2 per year in Gjakova, while the average for Kosovo can be estimated at 1351 kWh/m2 per year. The average sun duration for the city of Pristine is 5.44 h, while the average horizontal irradiation is 3.79 kWh/m² per day. Participation of energy consumption in household is still dominant - about 41.4% of the total consumption in Kosovo, 15% of this energy is used for domestic hot water. This energy demand can be lowered significantly by using improved building construction techniques and utilization of RES-s, especially solar thermal. The first step is to map the city in different areas to locate suitable locations for the installation of solar collectors serving sanitary hot water. The demand for sanitary hot water varies from object to object, this variation depends on whether the building is individual or collective, school institutions or religious buildings, for this reason the classification of buildings was done according to the request for sanitary hot water. After that the demand for sanitary hot water is calculated for several different institutions: Residential houses, Dormitories and Hospitals. For all of the above-mentioned cases the data for: solar fraction, solar contribution, CO2 avoided, collector temperature, financial analysis etc. are gained using the TSOL 2018 software. To evaluate the active energy for a time period, the daily, monthly and annual performance for three systems which are located in University Clinical Center of Pristine, Kosovo have been analyzed. In addition the results of the mathematical model, simulation and measured solar energy contribution for solar station in Infective disease clinic have been compared. In this paper, a proposal for replacing the conventional water heaters with the domestic solar water heaters (DSWH) is made. A case study for 38289 Residential households in Pristine has been selected. The initial cost of the solar water heater for the city is 60113730 €. The system saves 7274910 € annually and reduced C𝑂2 emission by 22973400 kg. The results from the paper show that the DSWH is economically feasible in Pristine and can result in fuel saving and CO2 emission reduction.
Sustainable Solutions in the Hospitality Industry and Competitiveness Context of “Green Hotels” Tamara Floričić
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 6, No 6 (2020): June
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/cej-2020-03091532

Abstract

This interdisciplinary paper researches the importance of sustainable hotel engineering and organisation of facilities for the purposes of realisation of a sustainable and responsible hospitality facility business. Considered through the interdisciplinary aspect, at the same time, it represents a research goal with the focus on the segment of youth tourists, who, as existing consumers of low-budget expenditure, are turning into DINKY, as well as the segment of conscious adult consumers in the future. The paper, through a questionnaire, researches the perception of the importance of resource management, with the implementation of innovative technologies by youth tourists’ related attitudes and experiences. The methodology is based predominantly on qualitative research methods and includes analysis and conceptual methodology and survey research methods of youth tourists’ attitudes. The quantitative research was processed by using the statistical methodology combined with techniques of creative thinking formation. The results point to the predominance of importance in which over 90% of respondents confirm the importance of sustainable initiatives and resource management with the following rank: food, water, energy, and waste management. Further analysis implies an opposite attitude where only 52.9% of participants would be willing to pay higher prices for sustainable solutions in hotels. The results and recommendations contribute to knowledge and ideas by recognizing competitiveness of hotels, which design and engineer the business system and operations with support of sustainable technologies in an interdisciplinary way. The paper also contributes to the comprehension of combined and successfully communicated economic and marketing values of sustainable innovations supported by digital technologies.
Effect of Modulus of Bituminous Layers and Utilization of Capping Layer on Weak Pavement Subgrades Muhammed Alzaim; Abdulgazi Gedik; Abdullah Hilmi Lav
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 6, No 7 (2020): July
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/cej-2020-03091548

Abstract

The majority of the world’s highways consist of a flexible pavement commonly built of several layers (both asphaltic and granular) that have been laid over a pavement foundation known as the subgrade. A subgrade that is considered to be of a satisfying bearing capacity is expected to restrict not only the immediate distresses occurring during the construction phases, but also later deformations appearing during the service life of the pavement as it subjected to traffic loads. If the subgrade proves to be structurally weak, the highway’s flexible pavement can be supported by adding such modifications as a capping layer, which serves to greatly reduce the stress being applied to the pavement. This study aims to further our knowledge about maximum pavement functionality by investigating those parameters considered crucial to pavement design: the correspondence of material properties, the number of layers, and the layer thickness. These parameters were analyzed to determine the best performing composition, while also considering the financial aspects of road construction. To achieve such an aim, we chose to use KENLAYER software to assist us in determining the design of a flexible pavement in line with a specific Equivalent Single Axle Load (ESAL). The KENLAYER configuration provided us with the required ESAL targets for specific design lives. We next calculated the relative costs of these targets and chose those that proved to be most cost-effective and economical. The results indicate that when considering feasible pavements to meet a design of high ESAL applications, those utilizing high modulus asphaltic materials are most suitable for subgrade CBR of at least 3%, while weaker subgrade constructions must be provided with a capping layer.
Numerical Analysis of the Influence of Bolt Set on the Shear Resistance of Jointed Rock Masses Yan-Ping Wang; Liang-Xiao Xiong
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 6, No 6 (2020): June
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/cej-2020-03091527

Abstract

Bolt reinforcement is a standard reinforcement method for jointed rock masses. However, regarding rock anchoring, the mechanical characteristics of the joint surface, as well as the angle between the bolt and the joint sliding surface, are important factors that affect rock support. Therefore, to understand the influence of a set angle, length, normal load, and other conditions that affect the shear strength of bolt joints, this study uses numerical software to establish the shear sliding model of bolt rock masses and analyzes the influence of the setting conditions of the bolt on the shear strength of a bolt rock mass, which can be done by changing the setting method of the bolt and normal mechanical conditions of the sliding surface. The results show that the shear strength of the anchor joint is not affected after the anchor reaches a certain length. The angle of the anchor strongly influences the shear strength of the anchor joint, and the shear strength curve is V-shaped, where the anchor angle is less than 90°. Moreover, the shear strength curve indicates a downward trend when the anchor angle is greater than 90°, and the shear strength of the anchorage joint increases with the increase of the normal load. Under the same anchor length (4 cm) in the anchor angle and shear strength coordinate system, the shear strength curve of the single anchor is above the shear strength curve of the double anchor, which is exclusively in the local anchor angle section under the condition of a large normal load and a large anchor angle. The shear strength curve of the double anchor is above the shear strength curve of the single anchor.
Macroscopic Traffic Flow Characterization at Bottlenecks Iftikhar, Amir; Khan, Zawar H.; Gulliver, T. Aaron; Khattak, Khurram S.; Khan, Mushtaq A.; Ali, Murtaza; Minallahe, Nasru
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 6, No 7 (2020): July
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/cej-2020-03091543

Abstract

Traffic congestion is a significant issue in urban areas. Realistic traffic flow models are crucial for understanding and mitigating congestion. Congestion occurs at bottlenecks where large changes in density occur. In this paper, a traffic flow model is proposed which characterizes traffic at the egress and ingress to bottlenecks. This model is based on driver response which includes driver reaction and traffic stimuli. Driver reaction is based on time headway and driver behavior which can be classified as sluggish, typical or aggressive. Traffic stimuli are affected by the transition width and changes in the equilibrium velocity distribution. The explicit upwind difference scheme is used to evaluate the Lighthill, Whitham, and Richards (LWR) and proposed models with a continuous injection of traffic into the system. A stability analysis of these models is given and both are evaluated over a road of length 10 km which has a bottleneck. The results obtained show that the behavior with the proposed model is more realistic than with the LWR model. This is because the LWR model cannot adequately characterize driver behavior during changes in traffic flow.
Efficacy of Non-nuclear Methods Used for Hot Mix Asphalt Density Determination Shah Zaman; Muhammad Hassaan; Jawad Hussain; Umar Hayat
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 6, No 6 (2020): June
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/cej-2020-03091538

Abstract

This paper presents research efforts with a major purpose of determining if electromagnetic, non-nuclear density gauges (NNDG) are competent enough for asphalt density measurement in comparison to the already existing standard core method (AASHTO T-166). Field, as well as laboratory studies, were conducted to assess the abilities of available non-nuclear devices as they need the appraisal for future use in many developing countries including Pakistan. NNDG data collected from 45 locations, compared to density determined in the laboratory for the cores extracted from the same location, shows that the results obtained from both the methods are comparable. Laboratory studies conducted on the slabs of open and dense gradations show that such an instrument performed well for dense gradation in comparison to open ones. The Calibration effect of the instrument has a valuable impact on the accurate density determination. Results indicated that such gauges are seriously affected by moisture presence on the surface of testing pavement. Moreover, the temperature dependency of non-nuclear gauges is among the major outcome of this research. Overall the performance of such gauges is valuable, and the results are comparable to the standard results of core methods. However, these results can only be used for Quality Assurance (Q.A) purposes and not for Quality Acceptance (Q.C) of the density of pavement.
Performance and Management of Cost in the Construction Industry Fazal Ali Shaikh; Nasurullah Odhano; Suaathi Kaliannan
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 6, No 7 (2020): July
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/cej-2020-03091554

Abstract

In the arena of cost baselines and project budgets, the construction industry is always famed and controversial. Owing to the paucity of funds or maladministration at various levels, there is 90 percent of project delay is fully stranded. While being a major contributor to a country's Gross Domestic Product, its sufficient potentiality has never been tapped. Maybe this dismaying climate is created by the cold-hearted, reckless and unscrupulous attitudes of construction industry stakeholders. The main objectives of this research is to determine the genesis of exceeded budget/cost in construction projects that affect cost management and to suggest appropriate measures to harness the construction industry's full potential. The key drivers that have positive or negative repercussions on the cost aspect of the projects are the administration, pundits and consumers or holders. For assessing the most common causative factors of exceeded cost in construction projects, the authors organized interactive discussions with construction industry pundits, designers, architects, schematic experts, and manufacturers. Moreover, the incumbent concerns in the construction industry were analyzed and examined to examine important factors. To underscore the key motives that drive the projects, directly and indirectly, a questionnaire was dispensed between the participants on the analysis in the cost of undergoing projects. Results of the study are the key interpretations which were drawn from this research paper are fraud, weak political engrossment, poor site management, hampering of site deployment, consultants inflexible approach, gold plating, faulty safety and healthcare management system. To remove these hurdles, I have recommended appropriate guidelines for preventing, reducing or mitigating the effects of these factors.
Incorporating of Two Waste Materials for the Use in Fine-Grained Soil Stabilization Hassnen Mosa Jafer; Zaid Hameed Majeed; Anmar Faleh Dulaimi
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 6, No 6 (2020): June
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/cej-2020-03091533

Abstract

The present experimental work briefly aimed to utilize two different waste materials; calcium carbide residue (CCR) and the locally available rice husk ash (RHA) to produce an eco-friendly binder for the use in fine-grained soil stabilization. The effect of different binary mixtures, produced by mixing CCR and RHA with different proportion, on the geotechnical properties of a fine-grained soil was investigated. For the unconfined compressive strength (UCS) test, the soil specimens were subjected to various curing periods (7, 21, 28 and 90 days). The microstructure of the soil treated with the optimum mixture was carried out by utilizing scanning electron microscopy (SEM) test. Results of UCS test showed an interesting growth after the treatment of binary mixtures relative to those samples treated with only CCR.  Plasticity index (PI) was found to decrease noticeably with use of CCR only while further reductions in PI were achieved after the RHA incorporation. Clear variations in the microstructure of the treated soil were revealed from SEM testing approving the creation of cementitious products. The results of the current study indicated that the wastes utilized in this investigation could be potentially used as alternatives to the conventional binders and final disposition with economic and environmental advantages.
The Role of Collaboration and Integration in the Supply Chain of Construction Industry Fazal Ali Shaikh; Muhammad Saeed Shahbaz; Saad Ud Din; Nasurullah Odhano
Civil Engineering Journal Vol 6, No 7 (2020): July
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/cej-2020-03091549

Abstract

It has found that the construction sector of Pakistan is growing fast due to the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor but history shows that construction projects never achieves its targets. The literature revealed the major hurdles behind the construction is supply chain issues. Supply chain of construction is deficient due to lack of collaboration and integration. The aim of this study is the empirically verify the role of supply chain collaboration (information sharing, Joint decision making, and risk and reward sharing) and supply chain integration (supplier integration, internal integration, and customer integration) with performance. This is a quantitative study, a total of 350 questionnaires were distributed to registered construction firms with Pakistan Engineering Council and 221 were received and considered for analysis after purification, validity and reliability. Multiple-regression technique was applied through SPSS. This study has unique findings as all integration approaches have significant effects while collaboration is not working for the same industry. This proves that members of supply chain construction can get benefit from integration but they hesitate to share their risks, rewards, and planning to all stakeholders. This study will help managers in decision making. This study will also help the government of Pakistan and China in completing their construction projects in time and with the designated cost.

Page 72 of 185 | Total Record : 1848

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