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Tropical Animal Science Journal
Published by Institut Pertanian Bogor
ISSN : 2615787X     EISSN : 2615790X     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Energy
ropical Animal Science Journal (Trop. Anim. Sci. J.) previously Media Peternakan is a scientific journal covering broad aspects of tropical animal sciences. Started from 2018, the title is changed from Media Peternakan in order to develop and expand the distribution as well as increase the visibility of the journal. The journal is published three times a year in April, August, and December by Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University (Bogor Agricultural University), associated with Animal Scientist's Society of Indonesia. The first edition with the new title will be published in April 2018 edition (Vol 41 No 1 2018), while the previous edition (up to 2017 edition) will still use Media Peternakan as the title and could be accessed in the old website (http://medpet.journal.ipb.ac.id/). This journal has been accredited by National Journal Accreditation (ARJUNA) Managed by Ministry of Research, Technology, and Higher Education, Republic Indonesia with First Grade (Sinta 1) since year 2018 to 2022 according to the decree No. 30/E/KPT/2018.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 429 Documents
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Optimizing Apparent Metabolizable Energy and Digestible Amino Acids of Layer Feed by Response Surface Methodology Widjaja, H.; Nahrowi; Jayanegara, A.; Utomo, D.; Hazen, K.
Tropical Animal Science Journal Vol. 48 No. 3 (2025): Tropical Animal Science Journal
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5398/tasj.2025.48.3.249

Abstract

Optimizing dietary energy and amino acid levels is essential for enhancing the performance and cost-efficiency of laying hens. The primary goals were to identify the optimal apparent metabolizable energy (AMEn) and digestible lysine (dLys) levels that maximize hen-day production (HDP) and egg weight (EW) while minimizing feed conversion ratio (FCR) and FC. A total of 150 cages, each housing five hens, were used. Hens with 24 weeks of age were assigned to ten dietary treatments following a central composite design (CCD), with AMEn levels ranging from 2,400 to 2,733 kcal/kg and dLys from 0.42% to 1.02%. The experiment was carried out during peak production (24 to 38 weeks of age). Response surface methodology (RSM) combined with CCD effectively optimized AMEn and dAA levels, providing practical insights for formulating cost-effective diets for commercial laying hens. Dietary dLys significantly influenced HDP and EW, while AMEn affected feed intake (FI). The optimal conditions, determined by the desirability function (DF), were AMEn of 2,660 kcal/kg and dLys of 0.81%, maximizing HDP and EW with minimal FCR and FC. Excluding EW from DF optimization, the best results were achieved at AMEn of 2,623 kcal/kg and dLys of 0.78%.
Intestinal Morphology, Protein Digestibility, and Broiler Performance Fed Encapsulated Dahlia Tuber Extract and Bacillus subtilis Anjani, L.; Yunianto, V. D.; Suthama, N.; Krismiyanto, L.
Tropical Animal Science Journal Vol. 48 No. 4 (2025): Tropical Animal Science Journal
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5398/tasj.2025.48.4.338

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of encapsulated dahlia tuber extract and Bacillus subtilis (EdteBs) on intestinal morphology, protein digestibility, and broiler performance. A total of 200 eight-day-old Ross 308 broilers (initial body weight: 194.60 ± 3.46 g) were divided into four dietary treatments with five replications. The treatments were: T0 – basal diet (control) without EdteBs supplementation; T1 – T0 + 0.1% EdteBs; T2 – T0 + 0.2% EdteBs; and T3 – T0 + 0.3% EdteBs. Variables measured included potential hydrogen (pH), lactic acid bacteria (LAB) population, coliform count, villus height, crypt depth, intestinal segment weight and height, protein digestibility, feed intake, body weight gain (BWG), feed conversion ratio (FCR), and income over feed cost (IOFC). Data were analyzed using analysis of variance, followed by Duncan’s test at a 5% significance level (p<0.05). Results showed that EdteBs supplementation at higher levels (T2 and T3) significantly (p<0.05) increased LAB population, villus height, crypt depth, and intestinal segment weight and height, while pH and coliform counts decreased. Protein digestibility and BWG also significantly improved (p<0.05) in T2 and T3. Both feed intake and BWG increased, particularly in T3, contributing to lower FCR and higher IOFC. In conclusion, EdteBs supplementation enhances intestinal morphology, protein digestibility, and broiler performance, with the most effective level at 0.3%.
Preservation of High-Moisture Sorghum Silage Using Combination of Biological and Chemical Additives in the Tropical Region Ardiansyah, M.; Fitriani, D.; Noviandi, C. T.; Kurniawati, A.; Paradhipta, D. H. V.
Tropical Animal Science Journal Vol. 48 No. 3 (2025): Tropical Animal Science Journal
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5398/tasj.2025.48.3.257

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the effect of the biological and chemical additives on fermentation characteristics, aerobic stability, and ruminal digestibility of high-moisture sorghum silage. A mixture of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum FNCC 0020 (LP) and Limosilactobacillus fermentum BN21 (LF) was used as a biological additive and potassium sorbate as a chemical additive. At the milk ripening stage (26.8% of DM), sorghum was harvested, chopped to 3-5 cm length, and ensiled into 20 L silo (5 kg) for 100 days. Subsequently, various additives were added, including a control group without additives (CON), LF + LP with a ratio of 1:1 at 1 x 105 cfu/g fresh weight (INO), potassium sorbate at 1 g/kg fresh weight (PS), and INO + PS (MIX). Each treatment used 5 silos as replication. The results showed that INO silage had the lowest (p<0.05) pH with the highest (p<0.05) contents of lactate and acetate, as well as lactic acid bacteria (LAB) count. PS silage produced the minimum contents of lactate and acetate but had lower yeast compared to CON silage. MIX silage had lower (p<0.05) lactate and acetate contents than CON silage, with a similar effect on yeast inhibition to PS silage. Furthermore, PS and MIX silages had higher (p<0.05) aerobic stability and in vitro digestibility of dry matter and organic matter than CON and INO. These results showed that combining biological and chemical additives was more effective in improving fermentation, aerobic stability, and ruminal digestibility of high-moisture sorghum silage.
Impacts of Cryopreservation on Semen Quality and Sperm Protein Profiles of Pesisir Bulls Ananda; Gusdinal, H.; Ramadhan, R.; Abimanyu, A. A.; Ningsih, W. H.; Jaswandi
Tropical Animal Science Journal Vol. 48 No. 3 (2025): Tropical Animal Science Journal
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5398/tasj.2025.48.3.189

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the impacts of cryopreservation on semen quality and sperm protein profile in Pesisir bulls. Semen samples were collected from three bulls and analyzed in fresh and post-thaw conditions. The sperm motility and kinematic variables were assessed using Computer-Assisted Sperm Analysis (CASA), while sperm viability and plasma membrane integrity (PMI) were evaluated through eosin-nigrosin staining and the hypoosmotic swelling test (HOST), respectively. Subsequently, the total protein concentration (PC) and profile were examined using SDS-PAGE. The results showed that there was a significant decrease in semen quality after thawing, with sperm motility reducing from 81.10% to 70.22%, viability reducing fom 87.47% to 77.27%, and PMI reducing from 85.09% to 71.32% (p<0.05). Kinematic variables such as velocity, straightness, and beat cross frequency also decreased significantly. Protein analysis showed a reduction in total concentration from 1.78 mg/mL to 1.19 mg/mL and alterations in protein band distribution, with the loss of specific high- and low-molecular weight after freezing. These results suggested that cryopreservation negatively impacts semen quality and sperm protein integrity, potentially impairing fertility. Moreover, further studies were recommended to optimize cryopreservation protocols and mitigate adverse effects.
Sperm Quality, Kinematics, Membrane Integrity, and DNA Fragmentation of Frozen Sexed Semen in Holstein-Friesian Bulls Safa, F.; Yekti, A. P. A.; Utami, P.; Syah, H. A.; Febrianto, N.; Rachmawati, A.; Yuswati, A.; Amaliya, A.; Sulistyowati, D.; Susilawati, T.
Tropical Animal Science Journal Vol. 48 No. 3 (2025): Tropical Animal Science Journal
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5398/tasj.2025.48.3.199

Abstract

Percoll density gradient centrifugation (PDGC) is a widely used method for sperm separation in Indonesia. This study evaluated sperm quality, membrane integrity, acrosome damage, and DNA fragmentation after PDGC-based sperm sexing and cryopreservation. This research was conducted as a laboratory experiment with six treatment groups: fresh semen (T1), post-sexing X-chromosome-bearing sperm (T2), post-sexing Y-chromosome-bearing sperm (T3), post-thawing unsexed semen (T4), post-thawing X-chromosome-bearing sperm (T5), and post-thawing Y-chromosome-bearing sperm (T6). The observed variables included individual motility (IM), viability, concentration, abnormality, total motile sperm (TMS), intact acrosome cap (IAC), membrane integrity (MI), DNA fragmentation, and sperm kinetic variables assessed using computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA). The results showed that PDGC sexing significantly reduced IM, concentration, TMS, viability, MI, and IAC. Furthermore, the freezing of both unsexed and sexed semen further decreased IM, concentration, TMS, viability, MI, and IAC while increasing sperm abnormalities. DNA fragmentation increased post-sexing and freezing in unsexed semen, indicating potential DNA damage from these processes. Kinetic variable assessment using CASA showed that PDGC maintained sperm motility characteristics, whereas freezing led to a significant decline in sperm kinetics. In conclusion, PDGC is a viable method for sperm sexing in cattle, as it preserves sperm quality, membrane integrity, acrosome integrity, DNA integrity, and motility characteristics while being compatible with semen cryopreservation. These findings confirm that PDGC-processed semen is suitable for artificial insemination (AI).
In Vitro and In Situ Evaluation of Fermented High Moisture Corn and Ear Corn as Alternative Feedstuffs for Feedlot Calves Rajaei-Sharifabadi, H.; Villalba, D.; Mora, J.; de la Fuente, G.; Balcells, J.; Seradj, A. R.
Tropical Animal Science Journal Vol. 48 No. 4 (2025): Tropical Animal Science Journal
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5398/tasj.2025.48.4.357

Abstract

High-moisture corn products offer potential advantages in intensive cattle feeding systems by providing high-energy feedstuffs while allowing earlier harvest. This study evaluated the nutritional value and fermentation characteristics of fermented high-moisture grain corn (HMG) and high-moisture ear corn (HME) compared to conventional corn grain (CG) and corn silage (CS) through in vitro and in situ techniques. Six samples from each corn product were collected from commercial farms, pooled, and analyzed in five replicates. Chemical analysis revealed that HME contained higher neutral detergent fiber (19.0% vs. 4.25%) but lower starch (60.95% vs. 66.75%) and crude protein (7.27% vs. 8.32%) compared to HMG (p<0.01). While accumulated gas production was similar among HMG, HME, and CG, all significantly exceeded CS values (p<0.01). HMG demonstrated the highest gas production rate and metabolizable energy content (12.2 MJ/kg), significantly higher than HME (10.1 MJ/kg). In vitro organic matter digestibility was highest in HMG (751.5 g/kg), while HME showed intermediate values (680.2 g/kg). The in situ evaluation revealed higher effective rumen degradability for HMG compared to HME (p<0.01). Ammonia nitrogen concentrations remained above microbial requirements across all treatments, with HMG and HME showing similar patterns. Volatile fatty acid profiles indicated enhanced fiber degradability in high-moisture products compared to CG. In conclusion, fermented high-moisture corn products demonstrated distinct nutritional characteristics compared to conventional corn grain, with HMG showing higher energy content and digestibility values, while HME exhibited increased fiber content. These findings provide quantitative data on the nutritional value of fermented high-moisture corn alternatives for feedlot cattle feeding formulations.
Efficacy of Lactobacillus plantarum 1582-Fermented Chive (Allium schoenoprasum) as a Natural Antibiotic Against Eimeria acervulina in Broiler Chicken Hai, P. V.; Dung, H. T.; Hung, P. H. S.
Tropical Animal Science Journal Vol. 48 No. 4 (2025): Tropical Animal Science Journal
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5398/tasj.2025.48.4.287

Abstract

This study evaluated the efficacy of chive (Allium schoenoprasum) fermented by Lactobacillus plantarum 1582 (FC) as an antibiotic alternative in controlling Eimeria acervulina infection in broiler chickens. A total of 250 J-Dabaco male chickens were divided into five treatment groups, each with five replicates (cages) of 10 chickens: PC - positive control, NC - negative control, FC1 - supplemented with 1% FC, FC3 - supplemented with 3% FC, and antibiotic treatment (AB). Chickens in the NC, FC1, FC3, and AB groups were experimentally infected with E. acervulina at 14 days of age and monitored until day 42. Assessed variables included growth performance (body weight gain (BWG), feed intake (FI), feed conversion ratio (FCR), survival rate (SR), production efficiency index (PEI), serum immunoglobulins (IgA, IgM, IgG), ileal mRNA expression of tight junction (ZO-1, Claudin-2) and immune-related genes (IL-4, TNF-α, IFN-γ), fecal oocyst counts, and intestinal lesion scores. The results showed that both FC3 and FC1 groups improved BWG, FI, FCR, SR, and PEI, with the FC3 group showing the best performance, equivalent to the AB group. Additionally, FC contributed to preserving the integrity of the intestinal epithelium by enhancing tight junction protein expression (ZO-1, Claudin-2) and reducing inflammatory responses (IFN-γ, TNF-α), as well as reinforcing the intestinal barrier by improving villus morphology and reducing intestinal mucosal damage scores. Moreover, a significant reduction in Eimeria oocyst counts in the excretion demonstrated effective parasite control. These findings suggest that FC, especially at 3% concentration, can be an effective alternative to antibiotics in broiler farming for controlling coccidiosis and improving the safety and sustainability of production.
Nutritional Composition and In Vitro Digestibility of Spent Mushroom Substrate Supplemented with Urea and Molasses for Ruminants Crisostomo, J. C. A.; Manlapig, J. J. D.; Matsui, H.; Ban-Tokuda, T.
Tropical Animal Science Journal Vol. 48 No. 4 (2025): Tropical Animal Science Journal
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5398/tasj.2025.48.4.364

Abstract

This study aims to evaluate the fermentation characteristics and nutritional potential of spent mushroom substrates (SMS), with or without urea and molasses supplementation, in ruminant diets. SMS derived from the cultivation of four mushroom species—Pleurotus ostreatus (Oyster Mushroom, OYS), Flammulina filiformis (Enoki mushroom, ENK), Hypsizygus marmoreus (Bunashimeji mushroom, SMJ), and Lentinula edodes (Shiitake, STK)—were analyzed for proximate composition, in vitro gas and methane (CH₄) production, dry matter digestibility (DMD), and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA). Statistically significant differences were observed among SMS types across all incubation periods (24, 48, and 72 hours) for gas production, CH₄ production, DMD, and SCFA concentrations (p<0.0001). In addition, CH₄ per gram of digested dry matter (CH₄/DDM) was higher in urea–molasses supplemented SMS compared to non-supplemented substrates (p<0.05). However, no significant differences were observed in total gas production, CH₄ volume, or SCFA concentrations between the two groups, suggesting that fermentation responses were influenced not only by supplementation but also by the inherent differences in substrate composition. The results indicate that different types of SMS vary significantly in their fermentation profiles and digestibility. Supplementation with urea and molasses increased CH₄/DDM but did not significantly affect total gas, CH₄ volume, or SCFA production. These findings demonstrate the potential of SMS as a partial roughage replacement in ruminant diets, as influenced by the type of mushroom substrate, its chemical composition, and the supplementation method.
Correction to: Supplementation of Zinc Palm Oil Soap Improves Feed Fermentability and Unsaturated Fatty Acid Profile in Rumen Liquid Muktiani, A.; Widiyanto, W.; Pandupuspitasari, N. S.
Tropical Animal Science Journal Vol. 48 No. 3 (2025): Tropical Animal Science Journal
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5398/tasj.2025.48.3.279

Abstract

Correction to: Tropical Animal Science Journal, 47(3), 371-380. https://doi.org/10.5398/tasj.2024.47.3.371 An error occurred on Page 373, Table 1, on “Note” under the table. The previous version was written: 1Total digestible nutrients (TDN) were calculated using TDN (%DM). TDN = -17.2649 + 1.2120(PK) + 0.8352(BETN) + 2.4637(LK) + 0.4475(SK), according to Wardeh (1981). The correct version should be: 1Total digestible nutrients (TDN) were calculated using TDN (%DM). TDN = -17.2649 + 1.2120(CP) + 0.8352(NFE) + 2.4637(EE) + 0.4475(CF), according to Wardeh (1981).
The Improvement of Nutrient Utilization and Performance in Laying Hens Fed By-Product Diets Supplemented with Xylanase and/or Protease Enzymes Widjaja, H.; Nahrowi; Jayanegara, A.; Utomo, D.; Hazen, K.
Tropical Animal Science Journal Vol. 48 No. 5 (2025): Tropical Animal Science Journal
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5398/tasj.2025.48.5.412

Abstract

Diets formulated for laying hens often contain anti-nutritional factors—such as non-starch polysaccharides (NSPs), trypsin inhibitors, and phytate—that can impede nutrient absorption. To mitigate these effects and enhance feed efficiency, the poultry industry increasingly incorporates exogenous enzymes like xylanase and protease, either separately or synergistically, to improve the digestibility and nutritional value of by-product feed ingredients. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of xylanase and/or protease enzyme supplementation in laying hen diets on nutrient digestibility and overall bird performance. Four distinct dietary treatments were formulated, including a negative control (NC) diet that did not contain any enzyme supplementation. The remaining three dietary treatments were modifications of the negative control (NC) diet, incorporating either xylanase, protease, or a combination of both enzymes (xylanase + protease). The NC diet was formulated to contain 2,567 kcal/kg of apparent metabolizable energy corrected for nitrogen (AMEn), 0.77% digestible lysine (dLys), and phytase supplementation. Performance trial showed that supplementation of protease and xylanase+protease had higher (p<0.05) hen day production (HDP) compared to NC (88.29 and 88.69% vs 83.53%, respectively). AMEn determination study showed that only xylanase improved (p<0.05) AMEn, compared to NC (2,754 vs 2,585) kcal/kg. Amino acid digestibility (dAA) study showed that xylanase and xylanase+protease improved (p<0.05) dLys by 0.04% and 0.07% respectively. In summary, supplementation of xylanase and protease enhances nutrient utilization and production performance in laying hens fed high by-product diets. The combined use of both enzymes showed the greatest benefits, suggesting that multi-enzyme strategies may be more effective than single-enzyme approaches. These results support the use of enzyme supplementation to enhance feed efficiency and sustainability in poultry production.

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