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INDONESIA
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry
Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada
ISSN : 14119420     EISSN : 24601578     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Engineering,
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry is an International, peer-reviewed, open access journal that publishes original research articles, review articles, as well as short communication in all areas of chemistry including applied chemistry. The journal is accredited by The Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education (RISTEKDIKTI) No : 21/E/KPT/2018 (in First Rank) and indexed in Scopus since 2012. Since 2018 (Volume 18), Indonesian Journal of Chemistry publish four issues (numbers) annually (February, May, August and November).
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 25 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol 24, No 4 (2024)" : 25 Documents clear
Comparison of the Effectiveness of Calcined Chicken and Duck Eggshells as Zn Metal Adsorbent Using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometric Hanifah, Hesty Nuur; Hadisoebroto, Ginayanti; Cunayah, Cucun; Dani, Diyanti Alma Kusuma
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 24, No 4 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.74930

Abstract

Zinc is a heavy metal that is often found in liquid waste and causes water pollution. Eggshells can be used as an adsorbent to reduce heavy metals in water because they have a lot of pores, CaCO3, and mucopolysaccharide acid protein. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of a comparison between calcined chicken and duck eggshells to adsorb Zn, by determining the optimum pH, contact time, optimum mass, and the characterization of adsorbents. The results of this study showed that calcined chicken eggshells adsorb Zn at an optimum pH of 6, with the required optimum contact of 75 min and a mass of 400 mg with adsorption effectiveness of 99.64%. Meanwhile, calcined duck eggshells have an optimum pH of 6, an optimum contact time of 60 min, and an optimum mass of 400 mg with adsorption effectiveness of 99.73%. Activated carbon from the market has an adsorption effectiveness of 99.53%. So, it can be concluded that calcined chicken and duck eggshells can be used as zinc metal adsorbent.
Toxicity Test of Zinc on Contaminated Soil by Petroleum Products (Fuel Oil) around Pertamina Rewulu-Cilacap Pipeline Bantul, Yogyakarta by Using Mung Bean (Vigna radiata) and Water Spinach (Ipomoea aquatica) Latumahina, Linda Johana; Tanzil, Yosua; Suyanta, Suyanta; Suherman, Suherman
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 24, No 4 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.85381

Abstract

Toxicity test of zinc on contaminated soil by petroleum products around the Pertamina Rewulu-Cilacap pipeline, Bantul, Yogyakarta by using mung bean (Vigna radiata) and water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica) have been studied. This study aims to investigate the physico-chemical properties, adsorption, and desorption of soil samples, and the effect of Zn toxicity on the growth of mung bean and water spinach. The physico-chemical properties were evaluated including moisture content, ash content, pH, conductivity, total organic carbon, cation exchange capacity, and heavy metal content. In addition, total petroleum hydrocarbon was analyzed by using GC-MS, and samples were characterized by using FTIR and XRD. The adsorption and desorption capacities of Zn were determined by an atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) measurement. Toxicity test was conducted on the growth of mung bean and water spinach. This study showed that soil sample point III had the highest Zn content at 632.26 mg kg−1. Adsorption isotherms of zinc metal followed the Langmuir isotherm model and maximum adsorption occurred at 100 mg kg−1. Optimum desorption takes place at the concentration of citrate acid 0.7 mol L−1 and at pH 3. Toxicity test results revealed that zinc metal at high concentrations was found to be toxic to seedling growth.
Spectrophotometry Based Oxidative Coupling Method for Determining Thymol Utilizing a Coupling Agent Zayan, Batool Mansour; Humeidy, Israa Talib; Abdel Aziz, Mohammad Salim
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 24, No 4 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.85933

Abstract

Developing a spectroscopic approach to assess the medicinal substance thymol was one of the research's objectives. Using an oxidative coupling reaction between thymol solution and N,N-dimethyl-p-phenylenediamine dihydrochloride solution (N,N-DMPPDADH) in alkaline media with potassium periodate as an oxidizing agent, the current technology forms a blue-colored soluble product. The wavelength at which a colored product exhibits maximum absorption is 600 nm. According to Beer's law, the concentration range covered by the approach under review is 1.25–20.00 μg/mL of thymol. The specific molar absorbance value of 10725.71 L/mol cm indicates the method's sensitivity. The Sandell significance value was 0.014 μg/cm2, which represents sensitivity per unit length. The precision of the method is demonstrated to be commendable, and the low relative standard deviation value of 0.16% supports this. This method's accuracy in identifying thymol at such low quantities is demonstrated by its confirmed detection limit of 0.0124 μg/mL. The developed technique has been useful in screening thymol in pharmaceutical products, with mouthwash being the focus of particular attention. Thymol content in real-world samples was accurately determined using the approach, as evidenced by the reported 101.13% recovery rate of thymol in the examined samples.
Synthesis and Adsorption of Alginate and Starch-Based Hydrogels for Cationic Dye from Aqueous Solution: Thermodynamic and Isotherm Modeling Non-linear Aljeboree, Aseel Mushtaq; Alkaim, Ayad Fadhil
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 24, No 4 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.86908

Abstract

This work prepared new eco-friendly biocomposite hydrogels by graft co-polymerization from starch (ST), sodium alginate (SA), acrylamide (AM), and acrylic acid (AC). The performance of starch graft-poly(acrylamide-co-acrylic acid) (ST-g-P(AM-co-AC)) and sodium alginate graft-poly(acrylamide-co-acrylic acid) (SA-g-P(AM-co-AC)) absorbent hydrogels was evaluated for efficient dye removal from aqueous solution due to their unequal network structure and a restricted number of the hydrophilic groups. Adsorption characteristics of the as-prepared hydrogels were tested for methylene blue (MB) as an adsorbate. The removal percentage increases when increased the adsorbent doses of both hydrogels due to the increase of active sites of the hydrogel. The isotherm models and thermodynamic studies of MB dye on hydrogels have been assessed at several conditions like adsorbent dosage, solution temperature, and equilibrium time. The equilibrium results followed the Freundlich model. The thermodynamic parameter indicated that MB dye adsorption on hydrogels was endothermic and spontaneous. On the basis of the obtained result, the hydrogels are environmental and expansive adsorbent that might be a reliable alternative to elimination dyes from aqueous solution.
Synthesis of New Dithiocarbamate Derivative Reagent for Micro Extraction and Determination of Iron(II) Ion in Aqueous Solution Shaker, Ivan Malik; Khudhair, Ahmed Fadhil; Mihsen, Hayder Hamied
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 24, No 4 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.87422

Abstract

The new reagent N-methyl-N-((((4-chlorophenyl)diazenyl)thio)carbonothioyl)aniline (L) was synthesized via the reaction of sodium N-methyl-N-phenyldithiocarbamate with 4-chlorobenzenediazonium salt. The reagent was identified with many techniques, such as CHNS elemental analysis, UV-vis spectroscopy, FTIR spectroscopy, mass spectroscopy, 1H-NMR, and 13C-NMR spectroscopy. The Fe(II) ion was utilized to create a metal complex by reacting 2 mol of reagent with 1 mol of iron(II) chloride. Two approaches that were utilized for M:L ratio determination are mole ratio and Job methods. All of these refer to the 1:2 ratio for the complex. The solid complex was prepared and identified with the previous techniques, and additional electrical molar conductivity, and magnetic susceptibility measurements. A tetrahedral structure for the prepared complex was suggested based on spectroscopic measurements and elemental analysis results. Cloud point extraction was created for the preconcentration and separation of Fe(II) in drug samples by forming a rich phase using Triton X-114 at 80 °C temperature and pH 5 measurements utilizing flame atomic absorption spectroscopy and UV-vis spectrophotometer at λmax 635 nm. The calibration curve of Fe(II) was linear in the extent of 0.2–1.0 μg/mL with r2 of 0.996. The detection limit and quantification are 0.0504 and 0.1530 μg/mL.
Use of Direct Microwave Irradiation in the Synthesis of Vanadium Phosphorus Oxide Catalysts via Vanadyl Hydrogen Phosphate Sesquihydrate Precursor Kang, Jo Yee; Leong, Loong Kong; Yap, Yeow Hong; Yong, Thian Khok
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 24, No 4 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.88163

Abstract

Four vanadyl pyrophosphate (VPO) catalysts were prepared via the sesquihydrate precursor route using direct microwave irradiation and reflux synthesis methods. The synthesis of the sesquihydrate precursor was carried out in 2 stages. The synthesized catalysts were denoted as VPOs-DD, VPOs-RR, VPOs-RD, and VPOs-DR; where VPOs represented VPO catalysts produced through sesquihydrate precursor, and D and R represented direct microwave irradiation and reflux synthesis methods, respectively. The direct microwave irradiation synthesis method was found to reduce the synthesis duration significantly for both stages of the precursor synthesis, from 48 to 4 h. An exclusive secondary configuration, akin to a needle-shaped form in chrysanthemums, is specifically noted in VPOs-DD could increase the specific surface area by 35.4% compared to the bulkier structure of VPOs catalyst produced via the conventional reflux synthesis method (VPOs-RR). Direct microwave irradiation could induce the removal of more than 4 times the total amount of oxygen atoms from the lattice of V4+ and V5+ phases, as compared to the conventional reflux method counterpart. This ultimately produced VPOs catalysts with greater catalytic performances and TON. In summary, employing direct microwave irradiation could generate VPOs catalysts with increased efficiency, improved activity and selectivity as compared to the conventional reflux method.
Optimization of Desulfurization of 4-Methyldibenzothiophene and 4,6-Dimethyldibenzothiophene Using Mg/Al Layered Double Hydroxide Equipped with ZnO/TiO2 Amri, Amri; Ahmad, Nur; Wibiyan, Sahrul; Wijaya, Alfan; Mardiyanto, Mardiyanto; Royani, Idha; Mohadi, Risfidian; Lesbani, Aldes
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 24, No 4 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.88790

Abstract

The growth of heavy industry leads to an increase in sulfur dioxide emissions, impacting health, economy, and the fulfilment of the ecological needs for society. Sulfur removal is carried out using the oxidative desulfurization (ODS) method. In this study, layered double hydroxide materials of Mg/Al, Mg/Al-TiO2, and Mg/Al-ZnO were successfully synthesized and analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), and scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) techniques. Those materials are used as catalysts for the desulfurization of 4-methyldibenzothiophene (4-MDBT) and 4,6-dimethyldibenzothiophene (4,6-DMDBT). Composite Mg/Al catalysts with metal oxides provide superior desulfurization process efficiency and enhanced stability, making them highly effective for repeated use. The conversion percentage of desulfurization of 4-MDBT and 4,6-DMDBT increases with time. The n-hexane is a suitable solvent for desulfurization of 4-MDBT and 4,6-DMDBT. All catalysts exhibit significant heterogeneity that greatly aids in the separation process.
Cloud Point Extraction Method for Spectrophotometric Determination of 3-Aminophenol in Environmental Samples Imran, Alaa Mousa; Dhahir, Saadiyah Ahmed; Muklive, Ahmed Jassim
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 24, No 4 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.89922

Abstract

This work describes the development of new spectrophotometric techniques for 3-aminophenol assessment. The first technique involves using benzidine in an alkaline solution to convert 3-aminophenol into a colored complex. The produced complex has a red color with an absorbance of 462 nm. Between the concentration range 5–14 μg mL−1, Beer's law is obeyed with a correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.99781, a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.0423 μg mL−1, and a limit of quantification (LOQ) of 0.1411 μg mL−1. The recovery was between 87.2–95.43%, the relative standard deviation (%RSD) was 2.40–3.31% and the molar absorptivity was 3.545 × 103 L mol−1 cm−1. Secondly, cloud point extraction (CPE) was used to determine a trace amount of the colored product in the first method, followed by measuring with a UV-vis spectrophotometer. The linearity of the calibration curve was above the range of 5–14 μg mL−1, and the R2 was 0.9988. The LOD and LOQ were found to be 0.0318 and 0.1059 μg mL−1, respectively. The recovery was between 99.49–99.82%, the %RSD was 0.67–2.00% and the molar absorptivity was 4.724 × 103 L mol−1 cm−1. This method was successfully employed for 3-aminophenol detection in several wastewater samples from Rustamiya, under the Al Doura and Diyala bridge.
Codoping of Nickel and Nitrogen in ZrO2-TiO2 Composite as Photocatalyst for Methylene Blue Degradation under Visible Light Irradiation Syoufian, Akhmad; Kurniawan, Rian
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 24, No 4 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.90151

Abstract

Nickel (Ni) and nitrogen (N) as codopants had been introduced into ZrO2-TiO2 composite photocatalyst. The objectives of this study are to investigate the codoping effect of Ni and N, as well as the calcination temperature towards the ability to photodegrade methylene blue (MB) under the irradiation of visible light. Different amounts of Ni dopant (wNi/wTi = 2–10%) along with a fixed amount of N dopant (wN/wTi = 10%) were applied to the ZrO2-TiO2 composite through the sol-gel method. Crystallization of the composite was done by calcination at 500, 700, and 900 °C. Characterization of the composite was done using Fourier-transform infrared spectrophotometer (FTIR), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), specular reflectance UV-visible spectrophotometer (SR-UV) and scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (SEM-EDX). The photocatalytic activity of the composite was evaluated by photodegradation of 4 mg L−1 MB solution under visible light irradiation at various reaction times. The lowest band gap was achieved until 2.79 eV by the composite with 6% Ni and 10% N calcined at 900 °C. The highest MB degradation percentage up to 61% was obtained by the composite with 6% Ni and 10% N calcined at 500 °C (kobs = 7.8 × 10−3 min−1).
Synthesis, Physical, Chemical and DFT Properties of Cobalt(II), Nickel(II), Copper(II), and Zinc(II) Complexes with Polydentate Schiff Base Derived from 1,2,4-Triazole Zuhair, Fatima Haitham; Al-Garawi, Zahraa Salim; Al-jibouri, Mahmoud Najim; Mohamed, Gehad Genidy; Abdallah, Abanoub Mosaad
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 24, No 4 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.90234

Abstract

The work describes the synthesis and spectral investigation of cobalt(II), nickel(II), copper(II), and zinc(II) complexes with (E)-4-((4-nitrobenzylidene)amino)-5-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol (L). The new ligand was synthesized through three steps, first the preparation of 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenylhydrazide salt, the ring closure of potassium hydrazide salt with excess of hydrazine hydrate followed by condensation of the derivative 4-amino-5-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol with 4-nitrobenzaldehyde in glacial acetic acid. The physical and spectroscopic properties of the ligand and its complexes were well investigated and theoretically studied. The experimental results were compatible with their expected compositions. Based on the spectral data, metal complexes with coordination numbers 6 and 4 were proposed, with L functioning as a bidentate ligand. The metal complexes displayed an octahedral geometry around bivalent cobalt, nickel, and zinc tetrahedral environment. Density functional theory calculations (DFT) were conducted to investigate the geometry optimization of the synthesized ligand L and its Co(II) complex and to confirm the structure of the ligand by comparing its experimental vibrational and NMR spectra with the corresponding DFT calculated spectra. The DFT results revealed the participation of nitrogen and sulfur atoms of imine and thione groups in coordination with the metal ions beside the good agreement with the experimental data of elemental analyses and spectroscopic measurements.

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