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Indonesian Journal of Chemistry

ijc
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Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada

ISSN : 14119420 EISSN : 24601578 DOI : -

Core Subject : Science, Engineering,

Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry

Indonesian Journal of Chemistry is an International, peer-reviewed, open access journal that publishes original research articles, review articles, as well as short communication in all areas of chemistry including applied chemistry. The journal is accredited by The Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education (RISTEKDIKTI) No : 21/E/KPT/2018 (in First Rank) and indexed in Scopus since 2012. Since 2018 (Volume 18), Indonesian Journal of Chemistry publish four issues (numbers) annually (February, May, August and November).

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Articles 2,006 Documents

100 101 102 103 104

SCREENING OF THERMOPHYLIC MICROORGANISM FROM IJEN CRATER BANYUWANGI AS PHYTASE ENZYME PRODUCER Aline Puspita Kusumadjaja; Tutuk Budiati; Ni Nyoman Tri Puspaningsih; Sajidan Sajidan
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 9, No 3 (2009)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Phytase is enzyme which hydrolysis phytic acid to anorganic phosphate and myo-inositol pentakis-, tetrakis-, tris-, bis-, and monophosphate. The use of phytase in feed industry can overcome environment and nutrition problems which were arisen from unmetabolism phytic acid or its salt by poultry, swine and fish. The feed industry needs a thermostable enzyme due to the need of high temperature in pelleting process, i.e. 81 °C. By using thermostabile phytase, the pelleting process will not affect the enzyme activity. Thermostabile phytase can be isolated from microorganism live in hot spring water or volcano crater. In this study, the screening of thermophylic microorganism having thermostabile phytase activity in Ijen Crater, Banyuwangi, has been done. From this process, it was obtained 33 isolates that produce phytase enzyme. Isolate was code by AP-17 yields highest phytase activity, that is 0.0296 U/mL, so this isolate was choosen for further study. The activity of crude phytase enzyme was measured based on the amount of anorganic phosphate that was produced in enzymatic reaction using UV-VIS spectrophotometer at 392 nm. Based on morphology test to identify the gram type of microorganism, isolate AP-17 has a bacill cell type and identified as positive gram bacteria. This isolate was assumed as Bacillus type.

ESTERIFICATION OF FATTY ACID FROM PALM OIL WASTE (SLUDGE OIL) BY USING ALUM CATALYST Thamrin Usman; Lucy Ariany; Winda Rahmalia; Romi Advant
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 9, No 3 (2009)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Esterification of fatty acids from palm oil waste (sludge oil) as biodiesel liquid base has been done by using alum [Al2(SO4)3.14H2O] catalyst. Some reaction variables like reaction time, catalyst quantity, and molar ratio of sample-reactant was applied for optimal reaction. Yield of 94.66% was obtained at reaction condition 65 °C, 5 h, sample-reactant ratio 1:20, and catalyst quantity 3% (w/w). GC-MS analysis request showed that composition of methyl esters biodiesel are methyl caproic (0.67%), methyl lauric (0.21%), methyl miristic (1.96%), methyl palmitic (49.52%), methyl oleic (41.51%), and methyl stearic (6.13%). Physical properties of synthesized product (viscosity, refraction index and density) are similar with those of commercial product.

FTIR AND NMR STUDIES OF ADSORBED TRITON X-114 IN MCM-41 MATERIALS Paulina Taba
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 9, No 2 (2009)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

One source of water pollutions is caused by the high use of surface-active agents (surfactants) by industries and households. As a consequence, it is required to remove such substances from the environment One of the important and widely used methods for removal of substances from solution is adsorption. In this research, MCM-41 and its modification MCM41-TMCS were used to adsorb nonionic surfactant, Triton X-114. FTIR and NMR methods were used to study the interaction between the surfactants and the adsorbents. MCM-41 was synthesized hydrothermally at 100 oC and its modification was conducted by silylation of MCM-41 with trimethylchloro silane (MCM41-TMCS). Both unmodified and modified MCM-41 can adsorb the surfactant. The amount adsorbed in the unmodified material is higher than that in the modified one. The interaction of Triton X-114 with MCM-41 was hydrogen bonding between the silanol groups in MCM-41 and hydroxyl groups of Triton X-114. For modified samples, Triton X-114 interacted with alkylsilyl groups mostly through hydrophobic interaction. It is more likely that the interaction was through C12, C13, C26 and C27 of Triton X-114.

THE VALIDITY OF FNAA AND AAS METHOD FOR ANALYSIS OF Cu AND Fe ELEMENTS IN BIOTA SAMPLES Sunardi Sunardi; Samin Samin; C. Supriyanto
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 9, No 2 (2009)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

The validity test of Fast Neutron Activation Analysis (FNAA) and Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS) method for analysis of Cu and Fe elements in biota samples has been done. The validity test was represented by the validation test, homogenous test, Z-score test, t test and F test for both methods. The respective validity test results for Cu and Fe elements show that the FNAA precision test were 2.28% and 2.96% while the accuracy were 98.07% and 98.55%, and the precision of AAS validation test results were 1.72% and 2.29% and the accuracy were 98.50% and 98.35%. The uncertainty results for Cu and Fe by FNAA were 2.74% and 3.42%, while AAS were 2.98% and 3.73%. The limit of detection for both methods of Cu and Fe were 1.05 µg/g and 1.35 µg/g, while AAS were 0.05 µg/g and 0.904 µg/g, and the value of Z-score in the range ≥-2 and ≤+2 for both methods. In this case the precision, accuracy, uncertainty, limit of detection and value Z-score on both methods are valid or property to be applied for element analysis. After FNAA and AAS methods were validated then were applied for determining of element contents in biota samples. From the homogenous test result was found that the samples of biota is homogeny, while t test shows that there is no significant difference in average concentration, F test of both methods shows that there is no difference in accuracy.

SYNTHESIS OF POLYEUGENYL OXYACETIC ACID AS A CARRIER TO SEPARATE HEAVY METAL ION Fe (III), Cr(III), Cu(II), Ni(II), Co(II), AND Pb(II) THAT USING SOLVENT EXTRACTION METHOD La Harimu; Sabirin Matsjeh; Dwi Siswanta; Sri Juari Santosa
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 9, No 2 (2009)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Polyeugenyl oxyacetic acid has been synthesized from polyeugenol and chloroacetic acid and applied to separate metal Fe(III), Cr(III), Cu(II), Ni(II), Co(II), and Pb(II) using solvent extraction method. pH effect, polyeugenyl oxyacetic acid ion carrier concentration, extraction time, and metal concentration optimized to gain optimum condition. The result of experiment indicated that polyeugenyl oxyacetic acid resulted the yellowed brown synthesis with melting point 125 °C and yield 68.9%. The Characterization of spectroscopy IR attributed by absorption to the area 1735,8 cm -1 as carbonyl extend vibration (C=O) acid and 1H-NMR that was attributed by chemical shift at 4.6 ppm as carboxy proton (CH2-C=0). The metal separation optimum condition gained pH 3-6 for ion Fe(III), pH 5 for ion Cr(III), Ni(II), and Co(II) and pH 6 for ion Cu(II), and Pb(II). Optimum carrier concentraction 5 mL, 10 mL, and 15 mL for ion Fe(III), and ion Cr(III), Ni(II), Co(II), and ion Cu(II), Pb(II) respectively. Extraction time 2.5 h for ion Fe(III), 20 h for ion Cr(III), and 36 h for ion Cu(II), Pb(II), Ni(II), and Co(II). Metal concentration that would extracted correctly (0.75-5 x 10-4 M) for ion Fe(III), (0.75-2.5 x 10-4 M) for ion Cr(III), Ni(II), and Co(II) and (0.75-1 x 10-4 M) for ion Cu(II) and Pb(II). The best polyeugenil oxyacetic acid response to separate ion Fe(III) than other ions with selectivity order Fe(III)> Cr(III)> Cu(II)> Pb(II)> Ni(II)> Co(II).

QUERCETIN DERIVATIVES DOCKING BASED ON STUDY OF FLAVONOIDS INTERACTION TO CYCLOOXYGENASE-2 Rahmana Emran Kartasasmita; Rina Herowati; Nuraini Harmastuti; Tutus Gusdinar
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 9, No 2 (2009)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Due to their ability to inhibit cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), certain flavonoids show anti-inflammatory effects. Quercetin is a flavonoid suitable to be chosen as the lead compound for development of safe anti-inflammatory agent, because in addition to its anti-inflammatory effect, quercetin shows also protective effect in gastrointestinal track. The objective of this research is to study the binding modes of certain flavonoids and predict the quercetin derivatives inhibiton activity on COX-2 by means of docking method using ArgusLab 4.0.1 software. Some flavonoids (7-hydroxyflavone, apigenin, galangin, kaempferol, quercetin, naringenin and daidzein) and quercetin derivatives were used as ligands for docking study. The COX-2 structure was obtained from Brookhaven protein databank. After assigning hydrogen atoms and charges, computational docking was performed. The docking results were evaluated based on the binding energy and hydrogen bonding of the ligands on binding site of COX-2. A curve constructed by plotting binding energy versus logarithm of IC50 of flavonoids shows a good correlation with a regression equation of log IC50 = 0.8069 ΔGbind + 9.4456(r = 0.9226; P50 values of the quercetin derivatives were calculated. The predicted IC50 values of quercetin-3-O-acetate; 6-chloroquercetin,3-O-acetate; 6,8-dibromoquercetin; 6,8-dichloroquercetin-3-O-acetate and 6,8-dibromoquercetin-3-O-acetate are lower than thats of quercetin. These results show that only substitutions at certain position on quercetin with acetyl group, chlorine and bromine atoms increase the inhibitory activity of quercetin against COX-2.

ISOLATION AND STRUCTURE ELUCIDATIONS OF RESVERATROL OLIGOMERS FROM STEM BARK OF Dryobalanops lanceolata Sahidin Sahidin
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 9, No 2 (2009)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Five resveratrol oligomers which consist of two resveratrol dimers, balanocarpol (1) and ε-viniferin (2), α resveratrol trimer i.e. α-viniferin (3), and two resveratrol tetramers, vaticanol B (4), and hopeaphenol (5) have been isolated from acetone extract of the stem bark of Dryobalanops lanceolata. These compounds were isolated by vacuum liquid chromatography method. Furthermore, the compound structures were determined based on the spectroscopic evidence, including UV, IR, 1-D and 2D NMR spectra, and comparing with those related data reported previously.

NORARTOCARPETIN, FLAVONE DERIVATIVE FROM LEAVES OF Artocarpus fretessi Nunuk Hariani Soekamto; Nursiah La Nafie; Fredryk Welliam Mandey; Marry Garson
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 9, No 2 (2009)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Norartocarpetin (1), together with mulberrin (2) and mulberrokromen (3) were isolated from Artocarpus fretessi (Moraceae). This plant is an endemic species in Indonesia and locally known as ";Kelembi"; or ";Maumbi";. The structure of these compounds were elucidated on the basis of physical and spectroscopic data. Compounds (1) is precursor of compound (2) and (3) in the biogenetic pathway.

THE ISOTHERMIC ADSORPTION OF Pb(II), Cu(II) AND Cd(II) IONS ON Nannochloropsis sp ENCAPSULATED BY SILICA AQUAGEL Zipora Sembiring; Buhani Buhani; Suharso Suharso; Sumadi Sumadi
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 9, No 1 (2009)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

The research on the adsorption process of metal ions of Pb(II), Cu(II) and Cd(II) on Nannochloropsis sp biomass encapsulated by silica aquagel has successfully been done. The research was carried out in a series of experiments using batch method to obtain the capacity and adsorption energy values of the metal ions. The analysis of metal contents was done by atomic absorption spectrometry. The results showed that the adsorption capacities of Pb(II), Cu(II) and Cd(II) ions were 322.58; 0.033 and 0.0322 mmole/g adsorbent, respectively, at 27 °C and contact time of 30 min. The interaction between Pb(II), Cu(II) and Cd(II) ions and Nannochloropsis sp biomass encapsulated by silica aquagel is chemical interaction with the adsorption energy in the range of 20.55 - 22.70 kJ/mole.

METHYL MERCURY IN GREEN MUSCLE (Mytilus viridis L.) FROM FISH MARKET MUARA ANGKE : BEFORE AND AFTER COOKING Ermin K. Winarno; Winarti Andayani; Agustin Sumartono
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 9, No 1 (2009)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

The determination of methyl mercury content in green muscle (Mytilus viridis L.) that were taken from Pasar Pelelangan Ikan Muara Angke, Jakarta Bay has been carried out. Sampling was taken in November 2005 and March 2006, the samples were bought from the green muscle sellers. The aim of this research is to know the effect of cooking on the content of methyl mercury in green muscle. Samples were homogenized, weighed and washed with aceton and toluene. After washing, the homogenized material was added with HCl solution, extracted with toluene, then the methyl mercury content in toluene extract was analyzed using gas chromatography. The results of this research showed that methyl mercury concentration in raw and cooked green muscle respectively were 0.803 + 0.019 mg/g and 0.443 + 0.035 mg/g (in November 2005) and 0.096 + 0.014 mg/g and 0.079 + 0.016 mg/g (in March 2006) respectively. The methyl mercury content in raw (in November 2005) was higher than in cooked green muscle as permitted concentration in the sea biota by WHO and FAO, it is 0.5 ppm (mg/g), on the other hand the result of the second sampling in March 2006 showed that methyl mercury content in green muscle was lower than permitted concentration. Cooking process of the green muscle decreased methyl mercury content 44.85% (sampling in November 2005) and 17.71% (sampling in March 2006), because methyl mercury that bonded to protein were distributed to boiling water. Methyl mercury content in green muscle after cooking was still lower than the permitted concentration.

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