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Indonesian Journal of Chemistry

ijc
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Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada

ISSN : 14119420 EISSN : 24601578 DOI : -

Core Subject : Science, Engineering,

Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry

Indonesian Journal of Chemistry is an International, peer-reviewed, open access journal that publishes original research articles, review articles, as well as short communication in all areas of chemistry including applied chemistry. The journal is accredited by The Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education (RISTEKDIKTI) No : 21/E/KPT/2018 (in First Rank) and indexed in Scopus since 2012. Since 2018 (Volume 18), Indonesian Journal of Chemistry publish four issues (numbers) annually (February, May, August and November).

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Articles 1,956 Documents

98 99 100 101 102

ELECTRO-DEGRADATION OF REACTIVE BLUE DYES USING CYLINDER MODIFIED ELECTRODE: Ti/β-PbO2 AS DIMENSIONALLY STABLE ANODE Aris Mukimin; Karna Wijaya; Agus Kuncaka
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 10, No 3 (2010)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

A cylinder modified electrode of the β-PbO2 was fabricated by anodic electro-deposition method on titanium substrate. The PbO2 layer prepared from high acid solution (pH: 0.3) that contains a mixed of 0.5 M Pb(NO3)2, 1 M HNO3, and 0,02 M NaF. The physicochemical properties of the PbO2 electrode were analyzed by using Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis and X-Ray Diffraction. The analyses have shown that oxide layer has an O/Pb ratio about 1.6 and the PbO impurities are formed in the surface layer besides the β-PbO2. The modified electrode was used as anode paired stainless cathode in the electro-degradation of reactive blue dye. The results of the electro-catalytic oxidation process of the dye solution were expressed in terms of the remaining intensity dye and chemical oxygen demand (COD) values. The modified electrode has removal efficiency of the reactive blue dye at voltage of 7 V, pH of 7, concentration NaCl of 2 g/L, initial dye concentration of 100 mg/L with simple and short time operations.

SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND APPLICATION OF DIATOMACEOUS EARTH – 4,4-DIAMINODIPHENYLETHER-O-HYDROXYBENZALDEHYDE AS AN ADSORBENT OF Ag(I) METAL ION Ahmad Fatoni; Soerja Koesnarpadi; Nurlisa Hidayati
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 10, No 3 (2010)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Synthesis, characterization and application of Diatomaceous Earth-4,4-Diamino diphenylether-O-Hydroxybenzaldehyde (diatomaceous earth-DDE-O-Hb) as an adsorbent of Ag(I) metal ion has been done. The aim of the purification of natural diatomaceous earth with KMnO4, H2SO4 and HCl were to obtain pure diatomaceous earth, remove the other compounds and de-alumination, respectively. The adsorbent of diatomaceous earth-DDE-O-Hb was synthesized by reacting pure diatomaceous earth with 3-chloropropyltrimethoxysilane, 4,4-diaminodiphenylether (DDE) and O-hydroxybenzaldehyde (O-Hb). The FTIR spectroscopy was used to identify Schiff base group in diatomaceous earth-DDE-O-Hb adsorbent. The diatomaceous earth-DDE-O-Hb was applied as adsorbent in the adsorption of Ag(I) metal ion. Parameters influencing the interaction such as time, pH and concentration were optimized. The result showed that diatomaceous earth-DDE-O-Hb adsorbent have Schiff base group. The interaction time of 90 min showed that 70.79% of Ag(I) metal ions at the concentration of 100 ppm can be adsorbed by diatomaceous earth-DDE-O-Hb adsorbent. At the pH solution between 2 to 7, the concentration of 100 ppm of Ag(I) metal ion that can adsorbed by diatomaceous earth-DDE-O-Hb adsorbent was up to 98% and at the concentration of 25 ppm Ag(I) metal ion, the adsorption of Ag(I) by diatomaceous earth-DDE-O-Hb adsorbent was near 91%.

PREPARATION OF HIGHLY ACTIVE Co-Mo/Al2O3 HDS CATALYSTS WITH CITRIC ACID ADDITION BY THE POST-TREATMENT METHOD Nino Rinaldi
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 10, No 3 (2010)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

A study of the influence of citric acid (CA) addition by a post-treatment method during the preparation of a series of Mo/Al2O3 catalysts on the thiophene HDS activity was conducted. The Mo/Al2O3 catalysts were also prepared by a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) technique using Co(CO)3NO to introduce Co atom and characterized by means of NO adsorption, XRD, Mo K-edge EXAFS and XRF. With 8.7 wt% Mo, citric acid was not affected very much for the Co-Mo/Al2O3 catalysts. On the other hand, an outstanding result was shown that the HDS activity was drastically enhanced by 5 times up to Mo content around of 25 wt% Mo. It is suggested that the post treatment increased the dispersion of MoS2 particles, in particular at a high Mo loading. This was also supported by the amount of NO adsorption and amount of Co anchored by the CVD results, which enhanced as the increasing Mo loading up to 25 wt% Mo. Moreover, Mo-CA complex species were observed on the post-treatment method and CVD technique was one of advanced method to prepare Co-Mo-S phases selectively.

THE EFFECT OF PHOSPHORUS ADDITION ON THE ACTIVITY OF BISMUTH MOLYBDATE CATALYST FOR PARTIAL OXIDATION OF PROPYLENE TO ACROLEIN Hamzah Fansuri; Gia Hung Pham; Sandra Wibawanta; Dong-ke Zhang
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 10, No 3 (2010)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

In order to examine the effect of phosphorus addition on the activity and selectivity of bismuth molybdate catalysts for partial oxidation of propylene to acrolein, three modes of phosphorus addition were performed. The three modes of Preparation were performed by (1) adding phosphorus into a-Bi2Mo3O12 to obtain Bi2PxMo3Oy, (2) inserting phosphorus on bismuth sites to obtain Bi2-xPxMo3Oy, and (3) inserting phosphorus on molybdenum sites to obtain Bi2PxMo3-xOy. Four major phases of bismuth phosphomolybdate were detected as the result of the phosphorus addition, namely a-Bi2Mo3O12, Bi9PMo12O52, MoO3, and BiPO4. Experimental results showed that the catalysts solely containing BiPO4 and/or MoO3 have very low activities for partial oxidation of propylene to acrolein. Meanwhile, catalysts containing a-Bi2Mo3O12 and Bi9PMo12O52, together with either MoO3 or BiPO4 showed on average the same activities as a-Bi2Mo3O12 and one of them (combination of a-Bi2Mo3O12, Bi9PMo12O52 and MoO3) has better performance than a-Bi2Mo3O12 at lower temperatures. The presence of the oxygen donor phase, i.e. BiPO4 and MoO3, are believed to play a key role for the high activities of bismuth-phosphomolybdate catalysts. However, at higher temperatures, the presence of oxygen donor reduces the catalyst selectivity to acrolein.

SYNTHESIS AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF THIAZOLE DERIVATIVES CONTAINING TRIAZOLE MOIETY USING LiBr AS A CATALYST Chetna Ameta; Diwaker Sitha; Rajat Ameta; Suresh C. Ameta
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 10, No 3 (2010)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Synthesis of triazole derivatives from 2-mercaptobenzothiazole has been achieved in four steps under microwave irradiation. LiBr potentially replace solvents and corrosive acids in this reaction scheme. The products of triazole derivatives have shown antimicrobial activity.

PRODUCTION OF CETANE IMPROVER FROM Jathropa curcas OIL Abdullah Abdullah; D.R. Wicakso; A.B. Junaidi; Badruzsaufari Badruzsaufari
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 10, No 3 (2010)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Nitration of biodiesel from Jatropha curcas oil using mixture of HNO3 and H2SO4 had been done in an attempt to obtain a cetane improver or cetane number enhancer. The nitration was carried out by varying the numbers of moles of sulphuric acid, nitric acid, temperature and time. The process was conducted in a round bottom flask reactor that equipped with a magnetic stirrer and a ball cooler on a water batch. The mixture of H2SO4 and HNO3 was placed in the reactor and subsequently added slowly with biodiesel drop by drop. The results showed that increasing the mole numbers of sulphuric acid tends to reduce the yield or volume and total N of nitrated biodiesel. Increasing the number of moles of nitric acid tends to increase the yield, but decrease the value of total N. While increasing of temperature and reaction time tends to reduce the yield and total N. From FTIR spectra product was estimated as a mixture of esters of alkyl nitrates and nitro. From the testing of cetane number it can be predicted that nitrated biodiesel potentially as cetane improver.

THE POTENTIOMETRIC UREA BIOSENSOR USING CHITOSAN MEMBRANE Ani Mulyasuryani; Anna Roosdiana; Arie Srihardyastutie
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 10, No 2 (2010)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Potentiometric urea biosensor development is based on urea hydrolysis by urease resulted CO2. The biosensor is used chitosan membrane and the H3O+ electrode as a transducer. The research was studied of effecting pH and membrane thickness to the biosensor performance. The best biosensor performance resulted at pH = 7.3 and 0.2 mm of membrane thickness. The biosensor has a Nerntian factor 28.47 mV/decade; the concentration range is 0.1 up to 6.00 ppm; and the limit of detection is 0.073 ppm. The response time of this biosensor is 280 seconds, efficiency 32 samples and accuracy 94% up to 99%.

CYCLISATION-ACETYLATION KINETIC OF (R)-(+)-CITRONELLAL BY Zn2+–NATURAL ZEOLITE AS SOLID SOLVENT CATALYST Edy Cahyono; Muchalal Muchalal; Triyono Triyono; Harno Dwi Pranowo
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 10, No 2 (2010)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Kinetic in cyclisation-acetylation of (R)-(+)-citronellal with acetic anhydride was investigated over Zn2+-Natural zeolite (Zn2+-Natzeo) as a catalyst. (R)-(+)-citronellal has been isolated from citronella oil by fractional distillation under reducing pressure. Enantioselective capillary GC on a Supelco β-DEX 225 column has been used for analysis the enantiomers ratio of citronellal. Catalyst Zn2+-Natzeo has prepared through acid activation of natural zeolite from Malang using HF 1% and HCl 6 M, followed by ion-exchange with 3 M NH4Cl and calcination at 450 °C for 1 h under nitrogen to obtained H-natural zeolite (H-Natzeo). H-Natzeo was modified to Zn2+-Natzeo by ion exchange with 0.1 M ZnCl2. Cyclisation-acetylation reaction was carried out by heating (R)-(+)-citronellal (CIT), acetic anhydride (AA), and 1 g catalyst in glass batch reactor with vigorous stirring at 80 °C. Molar ratio CIT/AA that used, i.e. 0.25; 0.5; 1.0; 1.2 and 1.5. As the reaction proceeded, 1 mL sample was taken off at 10; 20; 30; 60; 120; 180 min and extracted using n-hexane for every molar ratio. Structure analysis of product was conducted by GC-MS. Kinetic of the cyclisation-acetylation reaction was analyzed according to the Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism. Increasing molar ratio of CIT/AA will decrease the isopulegyl acetate (IPA) and neo-isopulegyl acetate (NIPA) formation. Rate constant of cyclisation-acetylation reaction catalyzed by Zn2+-Natzeo was 30.964-47.619 mmol(min. g cat)-1 at 80 °C, 30 min and the ratio adsorption equilibrium constant KCIT/KAA was 7.09.

THE ADDITION OF PETROLEUM BENZIN IN MIXING OF CRUDE PALM OIL AND METHANOL ON BIODIESEL PRODUCTION Abdullah Abdullah; F Fadhillah; Supranto Supranto; A. Prasetya
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 10, No 2 (2010)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Research on transesterification of crude palm oil (CPO) using petroleum benzin as solvent has been done. This research aims to determine the optimum concentration of catalyst KOH and NaOH, mole ratio of methanol to oil, volume ratio of solvent to oil, and temperature range of solvent. This research also observes the influence of changing in methanol concentration and levels of palm oil free fatty acids (FFA) on biodiesel production. In this research, transesterification was preceded by esterification for 10 min using sulphuric acid catalyst. The results showed that KOH gave better results than NaOH as catalyst with optimum concentration was 1.75% (w/v). Mole ratio of methanol to palm oil optimum was 6:1, and volume ratio of solvent to palm oil optimum was 2:5. Optimum temperature range of the solvent was 70-90 °C. Decreasing on concentration of methanol, and increasing of free fatty acids (FFA) level gave negative impact on the biodiesel production, more over on transesterification without solvent. The characteristics (phosphor content, density, water content, ash content, carbon residue, energy content and chemical components) of biodiesel which was produced using petroleum benzin relatively similar to biodiesel produced in the normal way (without solvent). Decreasing on concentration of methanol, and increasing on level of free fatty acids (FFA) gave a negative impact on the biodiesel, more over on transesterification without solvent.

ANTICANCER ACTIVITY OF CALANONE ON HeLa CELL LINE Heny Ekowati; Indwiani Astuti; Mustofa Mustofa
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 10, No 2 (2010)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Calanone (coumarin derivate compound), isolated from Calophyllum sp. had been shown to have cytotoxic activity on leukemia L1210 cell line with IC50 = 59.40 mg/mL. Calanone presumed have anticancer activity on HeLa cervical carcinoma cell. This study was conducted to investigate the cytotoxic and apoptotic activity of calanone and its effect to p53 and p21 expression on HeLa cervical carcinoma cell. Cytotoxic assay of calanone was performed on HeLa cell line, using MTT assay. Apoptotic assay was performed on HeLa cell line incubated with calanone for 24 h, by immunofluororescence method, using fluorochromes ethidium bromide and acridine orange. Expression of p53 was examined on HeLa cell line, by PCR with p53 wild-type primer. Expression of p21 was examined on HeLa cell line, by immunohistochemistry method. 5-fluorourasil was used as positive control in cytotoxic, apoptotic assay, and p53 expression. The result showed that calanone has cytotoxic activity on HeLa cell line, with IC50 = 22.887 mg/mL, caused cytotoxicity through apoptotic mechanism, increase p53 tumor suppressor gene expression, while the p21 expression test showed a negative result.

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