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Communications in Science and Technology
Published by Komunitas Ilmuwan dan Profesional Muslim Indonesia
ISSN : 25029258     EISSN : 25029266     DOI : -
Core Subject : Engineering,
Engineering
Communication in Science and Technology [p-ISSN 2502-9258 | e-ISSN 2502-9266] is an international open access journal devoted to various disciplines including social science, natural science, medicine, technology and engineering. CST publishes research articles, reviews and letters in all areas of aforementioned disciplines. The journal aims to provide comprehensive source of information on recent developments in the field. The emphasis will be on publishing quality articles rapidly and making them freely available to researchers worldwide. All articles will be indexed by Google Scholar, DOAJ, PubMed, Google Metric, Ebsco and also to be indexed by Scopus and Thomson Reuters in the near future therefore providing the maximum exposure to the articles. The journal will be important reading for scientists and researchers who wish to keep up with the latest developments in the field.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 259 Documents
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Insight into Aluminum Leaching with Microwave from Peat Clay: A Comparative Kinetic Study of SC and BIC Models Agus Mirwan; Hairullah; Rinny Jelita; Jefriadi; Meilana Dharma Putra; Bintang Hambela Ilmanto; Hexas Sarastiwi Handayani Putri; Muhammad Bahrul Ulum; Muhammad Rofi Haka; Muhammad Arif Darmawan
Communications in Science and Technology Vol 10 No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Komunitas Ilmuwan dan Profesional Muslim Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21924/cst.10.2.2025.1850

Abstract

The depletion of bauxite reserves has prompted the research of various types of soil as alternative sources of aluminum, such as the peat clay used in this study. The complexity of the minerals requires a more efficient leaching methods, while microwave-based leaching offers a potential approach through rapid and uniform heating. This study examines the effect of microwave power, HCl concentration, operating temperature, and particle size on the leaching efficiency of aluminum from peat clay soil. The leaching process was modeled using two approaches, namely the shrinking core (SC) model and the broken-intact cell (BIC) model under pseudo-steady state conditions. The results showed that increasing HCl concentration, microwave power, and temperature accelerated leaching, while increasing particle size decreased leaching efficiency. Optimum conditions were achieved at 4 M HCl concentration, 100 W power, 40 °C temperature, and 0.0074 cm particle size. The shrinking core (SC) model showed better fit under most conditions, while the intact-broken cell (BIC) model was more accurate at lower temperatures and particle sizes. The simulation results showed that the most suitable parameter values in the SC model were De = 0.0049 cm2/s, k = 10.5 cm/s, and kc = 2.49 cm/s, while in the BIC model De = 0.04808 cm2/s and K = 0.02689 g/cm3 were obtained. These results confirm the superiority of the SC model in representing microwave-based leaching mechanisms in general, while the BIC model provides additional insights under diffusion-limited conditions. Process Performance Index (PPI) analysis showed that optimum conditions were achieved at 4 M HCl and 40 °C, but lower acid concentrations also yielded competitive PPI. This confirms that leaching effectiveness is determined by a combination of alumina recovery and reagent consumption efficiency. These findings contribute to the development of leaching kinetics models and the optimization of more efficient and energy-saving aluminum extraction processes.
Interpretability Evaluation of Rule-Based Classifier in Myocardial Infarction Classification Based on Syntactical Features of ECG Signal Farhatul Fityah; Noor Akhmad Setiawan; Dyah Wulan Anggrahini
Communications in Science and Technology Vol 10 No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Komunitas Ilmuwan dan Profesional Muslim Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21924/cst.10.2.2025.1851

Abstract

Cardiovascular diseases remain the leading cause of mortality on a global scale, with myocardial infarction (MI) representing a critical and life-threatening condition. Electrocardiography (ECG) is a widely utilized method for the detection of myocardial infarction (MI), and artificial intelligence (AI) has demonstrated a promising performance in the automated ECG-based diagnosis. However, most existing studies emphasizepredictive accuracy while failing to provide substantial evidence that model decision logic aligns with clinical reasoning, thereby limiting clinical adoption. This present study evaluates the interpretability of three rule-based machine learning classifiers—Decision Tree, RIPPER, and Rough Set—for MI detection from ECG signals, including a comparison between models with and without feature selection. Interpretability of the system is assessed through rule complexity analysis and a standardized qualitative clinical validation protocol involving three cardiologists, based on contemporary AHA/ESC ECG diagnostic guidelines. The findings indicate that the Rough Set classifier attains the optimal overall performance, with 80% of its generated rules demonstrating clinically aligned, thereby outperforming the other models regarding interpretability. The findings demonstrate the benefit of guideline-based clinical validation for advancing trustworthy ECG-based MI diagnostic systems.
YOLOv8-Based Detection of Convective Storm Clouds for Cumulonimbus Classification Yenniwarti Rafsyam; Shita Fitria Nurjihan; Arief Rinaldi
Communications in Science and Technology Vol 10 No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Komunitas Ilmuwan dan Profesional Muslim Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21924/cst.10.2.2025.1854

Abstract

Cumulonimbus (CB) clouds are vertically developed convective systems that are capable of producing severe weather phenomena, including turbulence, heavy rainfall, and lightning. These phenomena pose a significant threat to aviation safety. This paper considers an automated CB cloud detection approach using the deep learning algorithm You Only Look Once version 8 on NOAA-19 satellite imagery. The images of 640 × 640 pixels each were labeled into two classes: CB and non-CB. In general, rotation, flip, and random brightening are performed to develop a more robust model. After 100 training epochs, the proposed model produced reliable detection performance, as evidenced by 1,694 TP (true positives), 438 FP (false positives), and 304 FN (false negatives) cases, with a precision of 0.79, recall of 0.84, and an F1-score of 0.81. Validation using METAR reports from the Indonesian Meteorological, Climatological, and Geophysical Agency (BMKG) confirmed the consistency of the model with observed weather conditions. The results demonstrated that YOLOv8 could provide a rapid and reliable framework for real-time detection and classification of CB clouds, thereby enhancing situational awareness for aviation operations and facilitating the effectiveness of satellite-based early warning systems in convectively active tropical regions.
A High-Capacity Reversible Watermarking Technique Using Bit-Level Expansion and Pixel Shifting Aulia Arham; Syukron Abu Ishaq Alfarozi; Hanung Adi Nugroho
Communications in Science and Technology Vol 10 No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Komunitas Ilmuwan dan Profesional Muslim Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21924/cst.10.2.2025.1856

Abstract

This paper proposes a high-capacity reversible watermarking method using adaptive bit-level expansion and pixel-class-guided shifting. Pixels are classified into expandable (P0) and non-expandable (P1) according to their 2-bit LSB patterns, and a lightweight reversible transformation converts P1 into P0 with minimal distortion. A shifting map enables exact recovery and avoids overflow/underflow. Secret data are embedded through a 2-bit LSB expansion rule that ensures full reversibility. Experiments on common and medical images demonstrate a consistent embedding capacity of 1.0 bpp, achieving PSNR values above 46 dB and SSIM above 0.97. In addition, the scheme exhibits low computational overhead (<0.7s per image, >380 kbps) while preserving the original histogram distribution. These results demonstrate that the proposed scheme provides an effective balance between embedding capacity, visual quality, and computational efficiency for secure medical imaging and authenticated reversible data embedding.
Statistical characteristics of time series temperature in cooling the electric vehicle controller using the bubble generator Catrawedarma IGNB; Fiveriati Anggra; Hamid Abdul
Communications in Science and Technology Vol 11 No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Komunitas Ilmuwan dan Profesional Muslim Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21924/cst.11.1.2026.1858

Abstract

The present study examines the thermal performance of the cooling system in an electric vehicle controller. This is achieved by injecting bubbles into the water block at various input airflow rates, using quiet-water and circulating-water cooling fluids. The thermal performance of a system is determined by two factors: the maximum temperature at the controller-water block interface and the corresponding thermal resistance. The temperature distribution is analyzed using statistical moments, the Probability Density Function (PDF), and Kolmogorov entropy to determine the irregularity of the temperature signal. The findings indicate that an increase in airflow rate can result in a decrease in maximum temperature and an enhancement in thermal resistance and flatness of the PDF curve. The maximum temperature decreases by 15.5% when the cooling medium is quiet water when compared to bubble injection at an airflow rate of Qa = 1.5 lpm. The bubble-cooling fluid, with an airflow rate of Qa = 1.5 lpm has a relatively uniform entropy across all thermocouple positions. The presence of low Kolmogorov entropy and low PDF flatness indicate a more stable controller response and fewer extreme spikes. In turn, it has an impact on the increasing system reliability and extending the durability of the controller's electronic components.
Palm oil biofuels demystification: The needs of standardized life cycle assessments and source derivatization Melia Laniwati; Tirto Prakoso; Jenny Rizkiana; Anita Kusumawardhani; Haryo Pandu Winoto
Communications in Science and Technology Vol 11 No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Komunitas Ilmuwan dan Profesional Muslim Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21924/cst.11.1.2026.1859

Abstract

The implementation of binary renewable-versus-fossil policy frameworks has the effect of obscuring the environmental costs and overstating the sustainability of palm oil biofuel. This review examines life cycle assessment (LCA) studies and regulatory frameworks, demonstrating that land-use change (LUC) is the predominant source of greenhouse gas and deforestation poses a threat to over 80% of species in production regions. Inconsistent system boundaries have been found to hinder comparability, with certification schemes including RSPO, ISPO, and EU RED II frequently overlooking LUC data, thus perpetuating unsustainable plantation strategies. As one of the most imminent solutions, used cooking oil (UCO) appears as a viable alternative, exhibiting a carbon intensity that is more than 60 % lower than that of conventional jet fuel and potentially resulting in a reduced depletion of fossil resources. However, only approximately 20% of global domestic UCO is recycled and 85% of regions lack UCO-specific legislation. A three-pillar framework is proposed: harmonized LCA with mandatory LUC accounting, scaled UCO valorization, and biodiversity-friendly practices including agroforestry and castor cultivation on degraded lands. It is reported that these measures can reduce emissions by 67.2% without compromising land integrity or food security. The notion of directly comparing the non-use of palm oil with the complete disregard for its unsustainability may be alleviated in the future by regarding some of the aspects proposed in this study.
Hollow mesoporous silica nanoparticles functionalized with Pluronic for controlled drug release Thi Ngoc Tram Nguyen; Ngoc Huyen Nguyen Thi
Communications in Science and Technology Vol 11 No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Komunitas Ilmuwan dan Profesional Muslim Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21924/cst.11.1.2026.1861

Abstract

In recent years, innovative drug-delivery systems have been considered one of the most crucial techniques for enhancing cancer treatment. In this study, F127, a thermal-sensitive polymer, was utilized to conjugate to the surface of HMSN, and subsequently, the carriers were loaded with Dox. The obtained product was characterized by a series of experiments, including TEM, FT-IR, TGA, XRD, and zeta potential. The HMSN-F127 carrier system was successfully synthesized with a size of 152.9 ± 0.9 nm. Furthermore, the SEM results revealed that the pores were located within the material. The zeta potential was determined to be -4.03 ± 0.15 mV, with a corresponding surface area of 168.4 m2/g. The efficiency and drug loading capacity of HMSN-F127 were found to be higher than those of naked HMSN with DLE and DLC values of 72.08 ± 0.09 % and 11.09 ± 0.01 %, respectively. In particular, Dox was well controlled by HMSN-F127. At concentrations ranging from 0 - 250 μg/ml, HMSN-F127 was not toxic to HCC J5 cells. The findings demonstrate that the HMSN-F127 system provides an effective platform for enhancing drug loading and achieving controlled drug release, thereby highlighting its potential for improved anticancer drug delivery and future development of stimuli-responsive nanocarriers.
Recombinant production and characterization of the integrin-binding LERGDT peptide Khomaini Hasan; Yudith Yunia Kusmala; Iis Inayati Rakhmat; Teja Koswara; Ellsie Viendra Permana; Mia Tria Novianti; Fauzian Giansyah Rohmatulloh; Sayu Putu Yuni Paryati
Communications in Science and Technology Vol 11 No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Komunitas Ilmuwan dan Profesional Muslim Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21924/cst.11.1.2026.1868

Abstract

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) remains a global health burden, necessitating the development of scalable therapeutic interventions. While the LERGDT peptide has previously demonstrated integrin-binding and anti-fibrotic activity, its transition toward clinical applications is hindered by the high cost of large-scale chemical synthesis. This study presents a robust bioprocess for the recombinant production of a 20-repeat tandem LERGDT construct (PEP-1) using an Escherichia coli expression system. To ensure structural stability and protection against proteolytic degradation, PEP-1 was engineered as a fusion protein with N-terminal ketosteroid isomerase (KSI) and a C-terminal six-histidine tag. In silico analysis using AlphaFold and HADDOCK predicted high structural stability and specific binding affinity to integrins. The bioprocess system achieved a significant total protein yield of 52.94 mg.L-1 , with the fused protein purified via nickel-affinity chromatography and successfully cleaved into functional fragments (hPEP-1) using hydroxylamine hydrolysis. Product identity was confirmed by means of SDS-PAGE at ~35 kDa and validated by using tandem LC-MS. ELISA-based assays confirmed that both the fusion protein and released fragments maintained specific integrin-binding functionality. By establishing a high-yield, reproducible production protocol, this work provides a cost-effective alternative to synthetic methods, facilitating large-scale testing required for peptide-based CKD therapeutics. This scalable bioprocess accelerates the translation of LERGDT-based interventions from bench to bedside, enhancing the accessibility of affordable long-term treatments for CKD patients.
Ytterbium-doped TeO2-ZnO-Na2O glasses: Insights into physical, mechanical, and optical properties Devara Ega Fausta; Agus Supriyanto; Ahmad Marzuki; Fahru Nurosyid; Rachmat Hidayat; Saidatul Nisya; Kharenina Zalfa&#039; Shalihah
Communications in Science and Technology Vol 11 No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Komunitas Ilmuwan dan Profesional Muslim Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21924/cst.11.1.2026.1869

Abstract

This present study constitutes a systematic investigation imto the influence of low-concentration Yb2O3 incorporation on the physical, mechanical, and optical properties of TeO2 ZnO Na2O (TZN) glasses. The glasses under consideration are composed of 65TeO2-(30-x)ZnO-5Na2O- xYb2O3 (x = 0-2.5 mol%). The fabrication process utilized the conventional melt-quenching technique. The present study specifically addresses the limited understanding of how minor Yb3+ incorporation affects the structure-property relationships in TZN glass systems. The results obtained demonstrate progressive densification of the glass network in the presence of increasing Yb2O3 content. This is evidenced by an increase in density from 5.15 to 5.62 g cm-3 and a corresponding decrease in molar volume. This phenomenon is correlated to enhanced network connectivity and it was attributed to the alteration of Non-Bridging Oxygen (NBO) to Bridging Oxygen (BO) linkages. Consequently, an enhancement in mechanical properties is observed with increasing both Young’s (50.67 to 52.61 GPa) and Bulk (29.77 to 31.89 GPa) modulus, respectively. It is suggested that these factors result in enhanced glass rigidity and durability. The optical investigation demonstrates a broadening of the optical band gap from 3.01 to 3.30 eV. This suggests the presence of a denser glass network and declined glass electronic polarizability. The findings of the study indicated that the integration of low-level Yb2O3 into TZN-based glasses can result in a modification of the glasses properties, thereby highlighting the potential for advanced application in the domain of photonics.
Global research trends in biodiesel production from palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) using CaO, MgO, and TiO2 heterogeneous catalysts: a bibliometric analysis (2015-2025) Sri Rezki Mardiah Syam; Budiyono Budiyono; Hadiyanto Hadiyanto
Communications in Science and Technology Vol 11 No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Komunitas Ilmuwan dan Profesional Muslim Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21924/cst.11.1.2026.1878

Abstract

This bibliometric study provides a comprehensive of global research on biodiesel production from palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) using heterogeneous CaO, MgO, and TiO2 catalysts during the period of 2015–2025. A total of 179 Scopus-indexed documents were analyzed by means of VOSviewer to examine publication trends, citation impact, co-authorship networks, and keyword co-occurrence. It is evident that Malaysia, Thailand, and Indonesia dominate both the publications and citations, reflecting their dominant palm oil production capacity. A substantial proportion of publications is concentrated on high-impact journals in the fields of energy and chemical engineering. A keyword clustering analysis reveals five main themes: process optimization, catalyst synthesis (including waste-derived CaO), feedstock diversification, activation/intensification techniques, and sustainability. The results demonstrate a predominance of laboratory-scale studies employing waste-based oxides, with a paucity of research addressing pilot-scale implementation, techno-economic assessment, and life cycle analysis. The findings provide a strategic roadmap for researchers, policymakers, and industry stakeholders to prioritize future developments in PFAD-based biodiesel production, particularly in catalyst scale-up, techno-economic assessment, and sustainable process integration. The primary benefit of this study is its capacity to systematically consolidate a decade of disparate research into a structured analytical framework, thereby enabling more targeted investment in under-explored areas such as pilot-scale implementation and life cycle analysis. In turn, this is expected to accelerate the transition of PFAD-based biodiesel from laboratory research to industrial application.

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