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Communications in Science and Technology
Published by Komunitas Ilmuwan dan Profesional Muslim Indonesia
ISSN : 25029258     EISSN : 25029266     DOI : -
Core Subject : Engineering,
Engineering
Communication in Science and Technology [p-ISSN 2502-9258 | e-ISSN 2502-9266] is an international open access journal devoted to various disciplines including social science, natural science, medicine, technology and engineering. CST publishes research articles, reviews and letters in all areas of aforementioned disciplines. The journal aims to provide comprehensive source of information on recent developments in the field. The emphasis will be on publishing quality articles rapidly and making them freely available to researchers worldwide. All articles will be indexed by Google Scholar, DOAJ, PubMed, Google Metric, Ebsco and also to be indexed by Scopus and Thomson Reuters in the near future therefore providing the maximum exposure to the articles. The journal will be important reading for scientists and researchers who wish to keep up with the latest developments in the field.
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Articles 234 Documents
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The Effect of Ultrasonication on the Quality of Keratin Extraction Based on Ionic Liquid from Duck Feather Perdana, Senja Salzanabila Putri; Kusumawati, Nita; Basukiwardojo, Maria Monica Sianita; Setiarso, Pirim; Djalilah, Gina Noor; Rahmawati, Khofifatul
Communications in Science and Technology Vol 10 No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Komunitas Ilmuwan dan Profesional Muslim Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21924/cst.10.2.2025.1785

Abstract

This study investigates the effect of ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) and solvent extraction (SE) on keratin recovery from duck feathers using sodium sulfide-based ionic liquids under different pH conditions. The results showed that SE at acidic pH (pH=3) achieved the highest yield (92%), whereas UAE showed lower recovery (28%) under mildly acidic conditions (pH=5). Spectroscopic and electrophoretic analyses using FTIR confirmed the β-sheet structure with characteristic peaks at 3400 cm−1 (O–H and N–H stretching) and 1660 cm−1 (C=O stretching). Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis analysis (SDS-PAGE) revealed protein bands in the 15–25 kDa range, typical of β-keratin, with higher intensity in SE. Morphological analysis using SEM revealed finer and more homogeneous particles for UAE, while SE produced denser aggregates. Thermal analysis revealed two main degradation stages, occurring at 0–100 °C and 250–500 °C, with UAE samples exhibiting lower residual mass (5.46%) than SE (8.65%). Particle size analysis showed UAE samples had larger but more uniformly distributed particles. XRD results confirmed semi-crystalline structures, with UAE increasing amorphous content and SE maintaining crystallinity. These findings highlight the complementary advantages for tailoring keratin properties toward diverse applications.
Evaluation of the Impact of PGRs in Bean Sprouts Extract on Vegetative Growth, Total Phenolics, and Antioxidant Activity of Chili Peppers, Soybeans, and Potatoes Anggarani, Mirwa Adiprahara; Salsabilla, Auralia; Ansyaddad, Daud Zidane; Wuryaningrum, Ririt
Communications in Science and Technology Vol 10 No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Komunitas Ilmuwan dan Profesional Muslim Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21924/cst.10.2.2025.1794

Abstract

This present study aims to evaluate the effect of administering natural growth regulators (PGRs) based on bean sprout extract (Vigna radiate) on vegetative growth, total phenolics, and antioxidant activity of chili pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.), soybean (Glycine max (L.) merrill), and potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) plants. Bean sprout extract was synthesized through maceration, employing 96% ethanol solvent with a ratio of solvent and simplicia at 1:5. The resulting extract was administered to the plant by means of watering starting at 7 days after planting (DAP) and continuing once every 7 days until the 13th week. Vegetative growth parameters, including plant height and number of leaves, were measured on a weekly basis. At the thirteenth week, the wet biomass, total phenolic content, and antioxidant activity were analyzed under various PGR treatments. All data were subjected to normality testing, followed by ANOVA or Kruskal–Wallis analysis. This was followed by DMRT or the relevant post-hoc tests. The results demonstrated that the application of bean sprout extract PGRs significantly enhanced plant growth, number of leaves, wet biomass, and total phenolic content in soybean plants. In addition, the application of bean sprout extract PGRs significantly enhanced the antioxidant activity of chili pepper and soybean plants. These findings highlight the advantages of bean sprout extract as a low-cost, renewable, and eco-friendly natural PGR, offering a sustainable alternative to synthetic growth regulators while enhancing plant growth and functional quality. The utilization of this natural PGR also supports eco-friendly agricultural practices and has the potential to increase horticultural crop productivity with minimal environmental impact.
Fabrication and Photocatalytic Performance of ZnO-Biochar Composites for Eliminating Dye Waste Heltina, Desi; Yoselino, Danil; Nabellia; Dumaria, Agustina; Amila, Khairati; Komalasari; Sembiring, Maria Peratenta; Amri, Amun; Jiang, Zhong Tao
Communications in Science and Technology Vol 10 No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Komunitas Ilmuwan dan Profesional Muslim Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21924/cst.10.2.2025.1795

Abstract

The synthesis of the ZnO-biochar composite from palm kernel shell biomass waste has been accomplished through the utilization of thesolvothermal method, yielding a satisfactory outcome. The resulting composite, a combination of ZnO and biochar, has been utilized in the degradation of methylene blue waste compounds. The objective of this research is to synthesize ZnO-biochar composites from palm shells, and to determine the optimal solvothermal temperature and duration. This research was initiated with the preparation of palm shells into biochar. Subsequently, the ZnO-biochar composite was synthesized with variable solvothermal temperatures and solvothermal times. The ZnO-biochar composite was characterized using analytical techniques including SEM-EDX, FT-IR, XRD, BET and UV-vis DRS. The most effective degradation of methylene blue was exhibited by the ZnO-biochar composite sample synthesized at a solvothermal temperature of 180 ̊C and a solvothermal time of 10 hours, achieving a degradation of 88.29%. The enhanced photodegradation performance of this composite sample is attributed to its high surface area, capacity for visible light absorption, and the dimensions of the active crystals, which can account for the high performance of the ZnO-biochar composite for photocatalytic degradation.
Optimization of an Automatic Water Disposal System Based on Internet of Things to Support the Smart Energy Concept Zulkipli; Huda, Dwi Nurul; As Saidah, Muthiah; Zulfachmi; Saputra, Aggry
Communications in Science and Technology Vol 10 No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Komunitas Ilmuwan dan Profesional Muslim Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21924/cst.10.2.2025.1809

Abstract

The management of an Internet of Things (IoT)-based water system powered by solar energy faces significant challenges in achieving high power efficiency and long-term thermal reliability. The objective of this study is to identify the most optimal hardware configuration that balances specific energy efficiency (ηspecific) with minimizing thermal energy dissipation in a DC water pumping system. The methodology employed is a comparative experiment that tests six different scenarios, varying the topology of the voltage regulator (Linear Regulator and Buck Converter) and the pump actuator, with a total of 30 pumping cycles at a fixed water volume of 30 litres. The processing of data was undertaken through the utilization of descriptive statistical analysis and Standard Deviation (SD) on the parameters of Power, Temperature, and Water Discharge to measure stability. The findings indicated a critical trade-off between peak energy efficiency and operational stability. Scenario 4 (12V Relay and Mini 560 Buck Converter) emerged as the most optimal configuration, recording the highest Specific Energy Efficiency (1.94 Ws/L). This superiority is evidenced by its excellent thermal stability (36.88°C), which is comparable to that of low-power configurations. In contrast, although Scenario 6 (Synchronous Buck, 51 mm Pump) demonstrated the highest operational stability (Power SD=0.02111), it compromises pumping speed. It is concluded that the implementation of the Mini 560 Buck Converter is imperative in achieving a balance between energy savings and minimizing thermal dissipation, thereby rendering it an ideal selection for solar-powered Smart Energy systems.
Synthesis of Cu Nanoparticles using Anredera cordifolia Extract and their Potential as Antidiabetic with Alpha Amylase Enzyme Inhibition Munandar, Nurharis; Aritonang, Henry F.; Bonaventura, Ridho; Wijaya, Dwi Putra
Communications in Science and Technology Vol 10 No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Komunitas Ilmuwan dan Profesional Muslim Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21924/cst.10.2.2025.1829

Abstract

This study reports a green synthesis of copper nanoparticle using binahong (Anredera cordifolia) leaf extract as both a bioreductant and a capping agent. The synthesis was optimized by varying the extract-to-precursor ratio (1:3, v/v) and the reaction pH (6–11) with pH 10 selected as the optimal condition for nanoparticle preparation. Nanoparticle formation was confirmed using UV–Vis spectroscopy, showing a strong absorption band at 325 nm, indicative of oxide-based copper nanostructures and/or surface oxidation during green synthesis. XRD patterns revealed Cu2O as the dominant crystalline phase, characterized by reflections at 2θ ≈ 29.6°, 36.4°, 42.3°, 61.3°, 73.5°, and 77.3°, with a possible minor contribution from metallic Cu due to peak overlap. FTIR spectra confirmed the presence of biomolecules (O–H and C–H bands, along with carbonyl/COO−-related bands) involved in nanoparticle stabilization, as well as Cu–O vibrations around 600–620 cm−1 consistent with Cu2O. PSA showed a dominant hydrodynamic size in the 60–70 nm range (average 65 nm), whereas SEM indicated aggregation into micrometer-scale clusters upon drying. In vitro α-amylase inhibition assays demonstrated concentration-dependent inhibition, with CuNPs (IC50 6.18 μg/mL) and the extract + CuNPs mixture (IC50 6.83 μg/mL) approaching that of acarbose (IC50 5.04 μg/mL) and exhibiting stronger activity than the extract alone (IC50 8.89 μg/mL). The key contribution of this work is the development of a simple, aqueous, environmentally friendly route that leverages local biological resources while producing Cu2O-rich nanoparticles with α-amylase inhibitory activity approaching that of acarbose. These findings highlight the promise of a low-cost antidiabetic candidate for postprandial glucose control and provide a basis for further investigations into nanoformulation and preclinical evaluation.
Enhanced Soil Fertility and Baby Maize Yield Through Bacillus megaterium CM2 under Reduced Nitrogen Input Chuong, Nguyen Van; Vu, Tran Minh; Tuan, Le Minh; Son, Nguyen Thi Thai; Tri, Tran Le Kim; Thuan, Nguyen Van; Dang, Phan Tran Hai; Liem, Tran Thanh; Trang, Nguyen Ngoc Phuong
Communications in Science and Technology Vol 10 No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Komunitas Ilmuwan dan Profesional Muslim Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21924/cst.10.2.2025.1832

Abstract

This present study evaluated the effectiveness of Bacillus megaterium CM2 (strain CM2) as a biofertilizer for the enhancement of soil fertility and baby maize (Zea mays L.) productivity under reduced nitrogen (N) input in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. A field experiment was conducted using a randomized complete block design (RCBD) featuring five treatments combining strain CM2 inoculation and varying nitrogen fertilizer rates. Each treatment was replicated four times. The treatments included a non-inoculated control receiving the full recommended N rate (350 kg urea ha−1) and four strain CM2-inoculated treatments supplied with 100%, 75%, 50%, and 25% of the recommended N dose (350, 262.5, 175, and 87.5 kg urea ha−1, respectively). Laboratory characterization demonstrated that strain CM2 possessed high nitrogenase activity, strong thermotolerance, and broad adaptability, confirming its suitability for field application. In comparison with the non-inoculated control, strain CM2 inoculation under reduced N regimes significantly improved soil chemical properties, including soil pH, cation exchange capacity, soil organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, and exchangeable potassium. This present study revealed overall soil fertility indicators exhibited an increase by approximately 10–95%, with the lowest responses as observed in under treatments subjected to 25% and 57% reductions in nitrogen fertilizer application. Whilst the most pronounced enhancement were recorded at the 50% N reduction level, particularly for pH (6.99), CEC (14.8 cmol+ kg−1), and SOM (2.99%). Thirty days after sowing, CM2-inoculated plants exhibited substantial increases in leaf number (32%), chlorophyll content (17%), and plant height (19%) relative to uninoculated control. Furthermore, yield performance was also substantially enhanced, with total edible cob yield reaching 2.98 t ha−1 and the proportion of grade-1 cobs increasing to 65.8%, corresponding to yield gains of 12.9% and 27.6%, respectively. The enhancement observed were attributed to enhanced biological nitrogen fixation, phytohormone-mediated growth promotion, and improved nutrient acquisition efficiency. The integration of strain CM2 with 25–50% reduced N fertilization-maintained yield and improved soil fertility, highlighting its potential as an eco-friendly microbial inoculant for sustainable baby maize cultivation.
Oxygen-functionalized carbon nanofibers from kulim wood for high- performance supercapacitors via an integrated chemical–physical catalyst approach Taer, Erman; Apriwandi; Tambunan, Ebigail Nur Tabita; Yanti, Novi; Nursyafni; Taslim, Rika
Communications in Science and Technology Vol 10 No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Komunitas Ilmuwan dan Profesional Muslim Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21924/cst.10.2.2025.1834

Abstract

This study highlights the critical role of oxygen-functionalized hierarchical nanofiber structures derived from kulim wood waste in improving the electrochemical performance of symmetric supercapacitors. A one-step catalyst-assisted method was developed to synthesize these carbon nanofibers. The synthesized material exhibited well-defined oxygen functionalities (9.34% oxygen content) and exceptional porosity (1070 m2/g), demonstrating a micro-mesoporosity ratio of nearly 4:1. This structural design led to enhanced capacitive properties, achieving a capacity of 172 F/g in acid media and a rate capability of 81.2% at 10 A/g. The oxidation reactions indicated a mixed energy storage mechanism, with 83% EDL-controlled and 22% redox-controlled processes. Additionally, the material showed an energy output of 19.91 Wh/kg and a power density of 1.02 kW/kg, showcasing its potential for sustainable energy storage applications. Importantly, this work offers a scalable, low-cost, and biomass-driven strategy for producing high-performance carbon electrodes, advancing sustainable supercapacitor technologies.
Analytical Modeling of LEO Satellite Mutual Visibility under Perturbations Amin, Mohamed R
Communications in Science and Technology Vol 10 No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Komunitas Ilmuwan dan Profesional Muslim Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21924/cst.10.2.2025.1835

Abstract

This present study develops an analytical model for mutual visibility in perturbed Low Earth Orbit (LEO), explicitly accounting for Earth’s oblateness (J2 and J3) and atmospheric drag. The framework extends classical geometric visibility calculations to include long-term perturbation effects, thus enabling rapid and reliable prediction of visibility intervals. A series of numerical simulations were conducted on three LEO satellite configurations and revealed that perturbations have the capacity to shift rise–set times, alter event frequency and duration, and generate new visibility intervals. These effects are of particular significance for satellites operating at lower altitudes and those characterized with moderate semi-major axis differences and large inclination disparities. The results of the study underscore the importance of considering secular and long-period perturbations into the planning of reliable communication relay, the management of constellation, and the scheduling of autonomous mission. Importantly, the closed-form formulation enables fast visibility and rise–set prediction without full numerical orbit propagation, supporting preliminary constellation design, inter-satellite link scheduling, and onboard visibility assessment in large LEO networks.
HKUST-1-Catalyzed Chan–Evans–Lam C–O Coupling Under Mild Conditions with Catalyst Reusability Sidik, Muhamad R. S.; Kurnia, Irwan; Permana, Yessi; Arrozi, Ubed S.F.; Ciptonugroho, Wirawan; Lestari, Witri Wahyu; Budiman, Yudha Prawira
Communications in Science and Technology Vol 10 No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Komunitas Ilmuwan dan Profesional Muslim Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21924/cst.10.2.2025.1837

Abstract

The Chan–Evans–Lam coupling refers to a valuable method for constructing C–O and C–N bonds under mild conditions. Nevertheless, the development of efficient and reusable heterogeneous catalysts remains limited. In this study, we investigated copper-based metal–organic frameworks as catalysts for C–O bond formation between 4-methoxyphenylboronic acid and phenol. The study revealed that HKUST-1 exhibited a significant enhancement in performance when compared to Cu-BDC, yielding up to 86% at room temperature and demonstrating superior accessibility of Cu2+ active sites. A systematic optimization of reaction parameters identified NEt3 as the most effective base, DCM as the optimal solvent, and a mild temperature increase to 40 °C as the key factor enabling a maximum yield of 94%. Studies on recyclability demonstrated that HKUST-1 exhibited high catalytic performance over multiple cycles without significant structural degradation, as confirmed by PXRD analysis. Overall, this work highlights HKUST-1 as an efficient, robust, and reusable heterogeneous catalyst for Chan–Evans–Lam C–O coupling, thus demonstrating its potential for sustainable synthetic applications.
Hybrid-Intelligent P&O-InC Algorithm with Deterministic Adaptive Weighting for Maximum Power Point Tracking under Dynamic Conditions Handaya, Devi; Bayhan, Nevra; Purwanti, Bernadeta Siti Rahayu; Ridlwan, Hasvienda Mohammad
Communications in Science and Technology Vol 10 No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Komunitas Ilmuwan dan Profesional Muslim Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21924/cst.10.2.2025.1840

Abstract

Electricity generation remains dominated by fossil fuel–based sources, underscoring the necessity to optimize the utilization of solar energy through photovoltaic (PV) systems in support of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Variations in solar irradiance and temperature significantly influence PV performance, necessitating effective Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) methods. This present study proposes HI-POnIC as an adaptive development of conventional MPPT algorithms using a deterministic, feature-based decision mechanism. The method employed dynamic weighting and adaptive step adjustment to modify the control response to changes in PV operating characteristics, without any reliance on learning processes. Performance of the system was evaluated through convergence analysis, energy and power tracking efficiency, and spatial accuracy assessment. The findings from the simulation demonstrated that HI-POnIC achieved faster convergence and enhanced stability around the maximum power point when compared with conventional methods. Its lightweight and easily implementable adaptive structure has rendered HI-POnIC suitable for PV systems operating under dynamically varying environmental conditions.

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