Management and Economics Journal (MEC-J) is a peer-reviewed and open access journal that focuses on management and economics fields. This journal publishes original articles, reviews, and also interesting case reports. Letters and commentaries of our published articles are welcome. Subjects suitable for publication include but are not limited to the fields of Marketing Management, Finance Management, Strategic Management, Operation Management, Human Resource Management, E-business, Knowledge Management, Management Accounting, Management Control System, Management Information System, International Business, Economics, Business Economics, Business Ethics and Sustainable, and Entrepreneurship, etc. The papers received by this journal will be reviewed by some experts from several universities in different countries. MEC-J is published three times a year in April, August, and December by Faculty of Economics, Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang, Indonesia. One volume of MEC-J is published in the one-year calendar.