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Mandala: Jurnal Ilmu Hubungan Internasional

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Published by Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jakarta

ISSN : 25990675 EISSN : 25990683 DOI : -

Core Subject : Social,

Social Sciences

Arjuna Subject : -

Articles 130 Documents

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KAWASAN EKONOMI KHUSUS (KEK) MANDALIKA DALAM IMPLEMENTASI KONSEP PARIWISATA BERBASIS ECOTOURISM: PELUANG DAN TANTANGAN E, Heavy Nala
Mandala: Jurnal Ilmu Hubungan Internasional Vol 2, No 1 (2019): Mandala : Jurnal Ilmu Hubungan Internasional
Publisher : Fakultas Ilmu Sosial Ilmu Politik Pr

This article analyzes the concept of ecotourism as an alternative to the eco-friendly tourism sector. The tourism sector becomes one of the strategic sectors in increasing the country's economic growth. The multiplier effect of tourism industry makes this sector continue to increase significantly. Indonesia sets this sector as core leading sector. The government's seriousness in working on tourism destinations, realized by forming Special Economic Zone (KEK) of tourism, one of which is KEK Mandalika. However, in the midst of mass tourism development, the concern over environmental issues has come under scrutiny. Tourism industry demanded to also pay attention to the environmental damages caused by the development of the tourism industry. This research further finds that KEK Mandalika uses the ecotourism concept in response to the demands for the tourism industry to be sustainable and started to put more concern over environmental issues. The application of ecotourism in several sectors in KEK Mandalika is done because ecotourism is called to be an alternative for the development of eco-friendly tourism sector. However, a number of challenges arise on how ecotourism should not only involves a small part of the entourage or elite party, and still put forward the environmental aspect amid the demands of a rapidly growing tourism market.

Strategi Diplomasi Kemanusiaan Pemerintah Indonesia Dalam Kasus Krisis Kemanusiaan Yang Dialami Etnis Rohingya Di Myanmar Tahun 2017 Fernando Ersento Maraden Sitorus, Ardli Johan Kusuma ,
Mandala: Jurnal Ilmu Hubungan Internasional Vol 2, No 2 (2019): Mandala: Jurnal Ilmu Hubungan Internasional
Publisher : Fakultas Ilmu Sosial Ilmu Politik UPN"Veteran"Jakarta

This research wants to look at the humanitarian diplomacy strategy by the Indonesian government to provide humanitarian assistance to the Rohingya ethnic groups (especially those still in Myanmar in 2017). Myanmar's military and also the majority of people in Rakhine who are Buddhists have committed acts of violence and seized the human rights of the Rohingya ethnic group which is an ethnic minority in Rakhine who are Muslim. The issue attracted the attention of the international community, including Indonesia. This study uses a qualitative method, with a descriptive analytic approach, where data are collected by literature study. The findings of this study are: the Indonesian government has used several humanitarian diplomacy strategies, including: conducting a diplomatic approach between the Indonesian government and the Myanmar government (with due regard to the ASEAN Way), collaborating with the United Nations (offering formula 4+1 as a form of implementation of the recommendations from Advisory Commission Report for Rakhine), involved civilians to channel aid to the Rohingya ethnic group in Myanmar (forming AKIM consisting of 11 humanitarian agencies). The strategy succeeded in breaking through the blockade carried out by the Myanmar government as an effort to block humanitarian assistance provided by the international community.

NASIONALISME MASYARAKAT PERBATASAN DI KALIMANTAN BARAT INDONESIA Elyta Elyta, Abi Sofyan, Ishaq Rahman, Ully Nuzulian
Mandala: Jurnal Ilmu Hubungan Internasional Vol 1, No 2 (2018): Mandala : Jurnal Ilmu Hubungan Internasional
Publisher : Fakultas Ilmu Sosial Ilmu Politik UPN"Veteran"Jakarta

The nationalism of the border community is alleged to be a problem due to the activities of those who depend on Malaysia This study applies descriptive qualitative methods in analyzing the conditions of nationalism on the West Kalimantan border which is focused on the Sajingan Besar border area. The results of the study on the Sajingan Besar Sambas region showed two results from the point of view of nationalism conditions which refer to nationalism indicators, namely: (1). National identity, (2). The role of government in increasing national awareness; (Greenfeld, 1992: 3). (1). The identity of the Sajingan Besar border community, based on the awareness, identity and ideology of border communities while the border community depends on Malaysia and requires access to and out of the country and influences the dominant purchase of Malaysian products tends; (2). The role of the government in increasing national awareness, the dependence of border communities is due to weak development while the Malaysian border is already fairly developed.

PENINGKATAN STATUS LANAL RANAI MENJADI LANTAMAL: STRATEGI INDONESIA SEBAGAI ANTISIPASI ANCAMAN CHINA DI NATUNA Raden Mas Jerry Indrawan
Mandala: Jurnal Ilmu Hubungan Internasional Vol 1, No 1 (2018): Mandala : Jurnal Ilmu Hubungan Internasional
Publisher : Fakultas Ilmu Sosial Ilmu Politik UPN"Veteran"Jakarta

The growing strength of China in all sectors, especially economy, and of course military, the country is increasingly aggressive in expanding its territory. As a result, the dispute in the South China Sea (SCS) between China and the five ASEAN countries, as well as Taiwan, spread to Indonesia, especially in Natuna. The Natuna Islands have an appeal to other countries because of its enormous natural resource and strategic location. To deal with the Chinese threat, which in case of war in Natuna will surely be done by sea, then this paper suggests to increase the status of Navy Base (Lanal) Ranai in Natuna into Navy Main Base (Lantamal). The escalation of threats from SCS makes Indonesia must have a strong sea defense base, facing directly to the SCS. So far, Indonesia only has 14 Lantamal, which is divided into two main command of the fleet, West Region Fleet Command (Koarmabar) and East Region Fleet Command (Koarmatim). With the vision of the World Maritime Fulcrum, 14 Lantamal with an area large as Indonesia, is certainly not enough. This paper also wants to see the link between the Navy and the Air Force in the concept of maritime based defense. This concept collaborates Navy and Air Force forces, due to geographical factors of the archipelagic state requires quick response. For that reason, the importance of synergy between Navy and Air Force seen from the role of Ranai Air Force Base in Natuna, Roesmin Nurjadin Air Force Base in Pekanbaru, and Supadio Air Force Base in Pontianak, to support Lantamal Ranai.

Urgensi City Branding Dalam Paradiplomasi : Studi Kasus Kabupaten Serang Rizky Hikmawan , Rizkiya Ayu Maulida
Mandala: Jurnal Ilmu Hubungan Internasional Vol 2, No 2 (2019): Mandala: Jurnal Ilmu Hubungan Internasional
Publisher : Fakultas Ilmu Sosial Ilmu Politik UPN"Veteran"Jakarta

DAMPAK BANTUAN INDONESIA TERHADAP NEGARA ANGGOTA KERJA SAMA SELATAN-SELATAN DI KAWASAN ASIA Ayu Rachmawaty,A Ade Rachmaliani, Ahmad Rizaldi
Mandala: Jurnal Ilmu Hubungan Internasional Vol 2, No 1 (2019): Mandala : Jurnal Ilmu Hubungan Internasional
Publisher : Fakultas Ilmu Sosial Ilmu Politik UPN"Veteran"Jakarta

South South Cooperation (SSC) is a form of development cooperation between developing countries based on the principle of solidarity, equality (mutual opportunity) and the principle of mutual benefit. Indonesia is one of the member countries of Cooperation which is active as a foreign aid provider for SSC partner countries. So far, the available discussions have only focused on the benefits of South South Cooperation (SSC) on Indonesia's national interests. This journal examines from another perspective on the impact of Indonesia's foreign assistance on the development of member states of South South Cooperation. The research method used was descriptive qualitative with a focus on providing assistance in the Asian region. Foreign aid provided by Indonesia focuses more on training and community empowerment programs. Indonesia also provided financial assistance but the value was no greater than non-financial assistance worth US $ 60 million. In addition, Indonesia's foreign aid for conflict countries in Asia includes educational, economic, health and social programs that aim to help and alleviate the suffering of people in the midst of conflict. The impact of the provision of non-financial assistance is that people in developing countries in Asia get new knowledge, skills and information to be implemented in their countries and increase community empowerment so that they are not increasingly dependent on foreign financial assistance.

THE CHALLENGE OF ASEAN MIGRANT WORKERS’ WELFARE COMMODITAZION VERSUS HUMAN RIGHTS? Sinta , Herindrasti
Mandala: Jurnal Ilmu Hubungan Internasional Vol 1, No 2 (2018): Mandala : Jurnal Ilmu Hubungan Internasional
Publisher : Fakultas Ilmu Sosial Ilmu Politik UPN"Veteran"Jakarta

Critical attention toward migrant worker issues in the regional level grows in accordance with the universalization of human rights principle. There is no exception in Southeast Asia, where the level of interstate labour migration shows an increasing trend. Cases of exploitation and violence on migrant workers in recipient countries clearly indicate the existence of basic “humanity threat”, which intimidate migrant workers, on social, economic and political structures. Legal protection initiatives have been conducted by international regimes, especially through the Convention on the Protection of the Rights of all Migrant Workers and Members of their Families (1990). However, in ASEAN level, strong interests from each state member has caused difficulties in the ratification of the ASEAN Instrument of the Protection of the Rights of Migrant Workers. Why do most ASEAN countries refuse to ratify the instrument? What is the role of ASEAN in this initiative? This paper examines how far ASEAN countries will protect their workers, which further test their commitment on ASEAN Social Cultural Community 2025’s goal of increasing the quality of people’s life through people-centred and people-oriented cooperation. This paper applies qualitative approach with descriptive analysis method by exploring and understanding the meaning of primary and secondary data. This paper further argues that national interests of recipient countries are the main factor in preventing the ratification of the Instrument of the Protection of the Rights of Migrant Workers in ASEAN. Initiator nations like Indonesia and the Philippines must keep trying to approach other ASEAN state members to encourage creating National Law and standardizing the National Policy for migrant workers as one centralized Customary Law through the Regional Agreement. Centralization will ensure that protection to all migrant workers can be shouldered through risk-sharing practice by all ASEAN state members.

Finding New Regional Mandalas: Indonesia Maritime Strategy Between India And China Effendi, Yusli
Mandala: Jurnal Ilmu Hubungan Internasional Vol 2, No 2 (2019): Mandala: Jurnal Ilmu Hubungan Internasional
Publisher : Fakultas Ilmu Sosial Ilmu Politik UPN"Veteran"Jakarta

This paper aims to analyse Indonesia’s dilemmas and prospects in engaging maritime strategic partner between China and India while pursuing its maritime reorientation. The expanding presence of China in Indian Ocean and its aggressiveness in maritime territorial dispute in East Asia has triggered India to transform Rao’s “Look East policy” to Modi’s “Act East policy”. Modi’s ambitious foreign policy increased eastward focus and his commitment in pursuing economic growth has been combined with India’s strategy in balancing against China’s Silk Road strategy. Both emerging powers, China and India, see Indonesia potential as strategic maritime partner in their strategic vision. Utilizing New Maritime Silk Road strategy or One Belt One Road (OBOR) Initiative in 2013, China engages ASEAN, including Indonesia, in infrastructure construction mega-project to enhance connectivity. While India, began in 1996 as dialogue partner in ASEAN Regional Partner (ARF), gets more involved in as ASEAN partner by joining ASEAN Defence Ministers Meeting Plus (ADMM+) in 2010 and Expanded ASEAN Maritime Forum (EAMF) in 2015. India and Indonesia have shared the common view of culture, colonial history, and political sovereignty, economic self-sufficiency, and independent foreign policy. Theyhave been also originated from the same ancient polity that habituate them to cooperate even under anarchy situation. However, this mandala-inspired cultural legacy would also drive them toward potential conflict as the two countries try to structure their spatial process centripetally using maritime strategy. In this regards, the paper will also discuss the continuity and dissonance of maritime perspective in Indonesia and India experience. Jakarta’s will to strengthen its maritime posture marks its leitmotif to play its role as center within Southeast Asia mandala will be contested by India and China strategic interests in the sea. In the cultural memory of region, exerting power on the sea and ownership of huge armada symbolically marks and legitimates a country’s supremacy within heterarchy or regional hierarchy that tends to be equal. Using both contemporary and classical literature, this research intends to reveal how the contending emerging powers seek to aspire regional leadership using maritime tradition. While embarking from leadership-generational change and historical experience, this paper will shed the light why maritime strategy acts as guiding principles for national security in the global geopolitical shift and regional geo-strategy.

XINJIANG HUMAN RIGHT VIOLATION AND RADICALISM ISSUES : A DEVELOPMENT INEQUALITY FRAMING Andi Ismira , Ahmad Amiruddin Tennang
Mandala: Jurnal Ilmu Hubungan Internasional Vol 2, No 1 (2019): Mandala : Jurnal Ilmu Hubungan Internasional
Publisher : Fakultas Ilmu Sosial Ilmu Politik UPN"Veteran"Jakarta

This Article aiming to discuss about recent Human Right Situation of Uyghur People in Xinjiang Province and the logic of powerful and structural effort by Beijing’s Authority to push “De-Extrimification” through “Strike Hard” program. A situation where, non-Chinese societies being forced to conform to Chinese culture, particularly that of the ethnic Han majority. The policies, politically seems like a will to annihilate identity of a society to determine their destiny, and to re-establish themselves in future generations. This writing also eager to examine, what was the driving factor the radicalism acts which has been occur in Xinjiang since over centuries, that this Radicalis has dragging the Chinese government to put the Policies on stage and seems not going to be downwarded. Using, Descriptive Analityc methods, this article analize the Uyghur and Xinjiang situation with geo-politic, development inequality and human security concepts.

STRATEGI SOFT POWER DALAM EKSPANSI EKONOMI CHINA DI TIMUR TENGAH: STUDI KASUS KERJASAMA CHINA-IRAN Dina Yulianti , R. Muhammad Teguh Nurhasan Affandi
Mandala: Jurnal Ilmu Hubungan Internasional Vol 1, No 2 (2018): Mandala : Jurnal Ilmu Hubungan Internasional
Publisher : Fakultas Ilmu Sosial Ilmu Politik UPN"Veteran"Jakarta

The unilateral United States withdrawal from JCPOA in May 2018 and US efforts to embargo Iran, according to some observers, have provided opportunities for China to enlarge its economic dominance in the Middle East. Previously, China have actively established strong economic relations with most of Middle Eastern countries. This phenomenon raises research questions, what is the key to China's success in carrying out economic expansion in the Middle East in the midst of various conflicts in the region? The authors focuses the research on China's soft power strategy which is assumed to have a big role in the success of the country's economic and trade cooperation in the region, especially in the case of China-Iran cooperation. Through reviewing literature and mass media news, this study found a new dimension in China's soft power strategy towards Iran, namely the very strong role of 'value', including the value of loyalty, refusal towards radicalism and terrorism, and resistance to US domination.

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