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INDONESIA
Mandala: Jurnal Ilmu Hubungan Internasional
Published by Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jakarta
ISSN : 25990675     EISSN : 25990683     DOI : -
Core Subject : Social,
Social Sciences
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 130 Documents
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Communication Gap: A Case Study on the Use of Indonesian and English by International Students at IPB University Bogor solihin, olih; Ahmad Zakki Abdullah; I Nyoman Aji Suadhana Rai; Hasibullah Atiqi
Mandala: Jurnal Ilmu Hubungan Internasional Vol 7 No 2 (2024): Mandala: Jurnal Hubungan Internasional
Publisher : Fakultas Ilmu Sosial Ilmu Politik, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional "Veteran" Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33822/mjihi.v7i2.9201

Abstract

This study focuses on the challenges faced by international students at IPB University Bogor in using a mixed language, namely English and Indonesian, in both academic and social contexts. The aim of the research is to understand how the use of mixed language affects communication and social interaction among foreign students from Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Ghana at IPB University. The research method employed is qualitative analysis based on in-depth interviews with these students. The findings indicate that the use of mixed language creates confusion and difficulties in maintaining smooth communication, impacting their academic participation and social interactions. The foreign students demonstrated effective adaptation strategies, such as simplifying language and seeking social support. In conclusion, cross-cultural communication challenges require additional support and better adaptation strategies. Developing intercultural competence, including language skills, social skills, adaptive attitudes, and emotional competence, as well as institutional support, is crucial to enhancing the experience of international students in a multicultural environment
ADIZ (AIR DEFENCE IDENTIFICATION ZONE) DAN GEOPOLITIK RUANG UDARA INDONESIA Iqbal, Syarif; Mirza, Fajar
Mandala: Jurnal Ilmu Hubungan Internasional Vol 7 No 2 (2024): Mandala: Jurnal Hubungan Internasional
Publisher : Fakultas Ilmu Sosial Ilmu Politik, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional "Veteran" Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33822/mjihi.v7i2.9227

Abstract

This research discusses Indonesia's geopolitical interests in implementing the ADIZ (Air Defense Indentification Zone). ADIZ is an airspace for defense zone recognized by countries and binding as customary international law. This research is qualitative research with secondary data sources in the form of scientific studies, archives, and previous research. Using neorealism theory, the results of the study show that Indonesia's geopolitical interest in the implementation of ADIZ is to ensure Indonesia's security in the midst of anarchic world conditions that result in several potential external threats. The first potential threat is the existence of China's military and economic activities in the South China Sea which affect the surrounding regional countries, especially Southeast Asian countries. Second, China's rise triggered a growing competition between the two major powers, the United States and China, to contain China's power.
Kepentingan Nasional Tiongkok Dalam Investasi Pengembangan Electric Vehicle di Indonesia Periode 2014-2023 Kanzi Pratama Artananda Naufal; Ica Wulansari
Mandala: Jurnal Ilmu Hubungan Internasional Vol 7 No 2 (2024): Mandala: Jurnal Hubungan Internasional
Publisher : Fakultas Ilmu Sosial Ilmu Politik, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional "Veteran" Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33822/mjihi.v7i2.9583

Abstract

In the past decade, China has emerged as a global economic power with significant geopolitical influence, reshaping the international power distribution. As the world’s second-largest economy and leading exporter, China’s role in global trade and foreign direct investment is crucial. However, this economic growth comes with considerable environmental challenges, notably high greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions that make China one of the world's top emitters. To address these challenges, China has implemented a range of low-carbon economic policies, including climate resilience targets and a shift toward renewable energy. One of China’s primary strategies for achieving its low-carbon goals is the electrification of the transportation sector, with a focus on electric vehicle (EV) development. This policy aims not only to reduce air pollution and dependence on fossil fuels but also to boost the green technology industry. However, the electrification efforts create a high demand for essential resources, such as nickel, a key component in EV batteries. Indonesia, as one of the world’s largest nickel producers, has become a strategic partner for China in meeting these resource demands. Through substantial investments in the mining and nickel processing industries, China has strengthened its economic ties with Indonesia while supporting the growth of Indonesia’s EV infrastructure. China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) also plays a crucial role in enhancing infrastructure connectivity and investment in Southeast Asia, particularly in Indonesia, which has been one of the major recipients of BRI investments.
Kepentingan Strategis Tiongkok dalam Penguasaan Pasokan dan Produksi Rare Earth Elements Skala Global Prasodjo, Haryo; Sintawati, Putri
Mandala: Jurnal Ilmu Hubungan Internasional Vol 7 No 2 (2024): Mandala: Jurnal Hubungan Internasional
Publisher : Fakultas Ilmu Sosial Ilmu Politik, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional "Veteran" Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33822/mjihi.v7i2.9594

Abstract

Abstract China plays a dominant role in controlling the supply and production of Rare Earth Elements (REE) on a global scale, which have strategic significance in various technology and industrial sectors. This study discusses China's strategy in dominating Rare Earth Elements (REE), a critical and strategic mineral that has become the focus of global attention. As the leading producer of REEs, China strives to maintain its dominance, while the United States and other countries are working to reduce their dependence on China. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, this research analyzes how China's control over the REE supply chain affects global political and economic stability. The study employs the concepts of energy security and energy hegemony. Data was collected from various sources, including journals, articles, books, and official government websites. The findings of this study provide insights into the importance of REEs in geopolitics and their implications for the international system.. Keywords: China, Rare Earth Elements, Geopolitics, Industry, Global Supply. Abstrak Tiongkok memainkan peran dominan dalam penguasaan pasokan dan produksi unsur tanah jarang (Rare Earth Elements/REE) di skala global, yang memiliki kepentingan strategis dalam berbagai sektor teknologi dan industri. Penelitian ini membahas strategi Tiongkok dalam penguasaan Rare Earth Elements (REE), mineral strategis dan kritis yang menjadi fokus perhatian global. Tiongkok, sebagai produsen utama REE, berupaya mempertahankan dominasinya, sementara AS dan negara lain berusaha untuk mengurangi ketergantungan mereka pada Tiongkok. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif, penelitian ini menganalisis bagaimana kontrol Tiongkok terhadap rantai pasok REE mempengaruhi stabilitas politik dan ekonomi global. Penelitian ini menggunakan konsep keamanan energi dan hegemoni energi. Dan data diperoleh dari berbagai sumber, termasuk jurnal, artikel, buku, dan website resmi pemerintahan. Temuan penelitian ini memberikan wawasan tentang pentingnya REE dalam geopolitik dan implikasinya terhadap sistem internasional. Kata kunci: Tiongkok, Rare Earth Elements, Geopolitik, Industri, Pasokan Global.
A BRIEF SKEPTICISM: THE DISCOURSE OF THE COPENHAGEN SCHOOL AND CYBER SECURITY IN INDONESIA Ghiffary Abdurrahman, Muhammad Kamil; Marulitua Gultom, Yosua Saut
Mandala: Jurnal Ilmu Hubungan Internasional Vol 7 No 2 (2024): Mandala: Jurnal Hubungan Internasional
Publisher : Fakultas Ilmu Sosial Ilmu Politik, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional "Veteran" Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33822/mjihi.v7i2.9712

Abstract

The evidence shown from the last decade shows that Indonesia has been the constant target of cyber attacks, hence, the urgency to respond cyber threats with its according and appropriate response: a more securitized response. The existing literatures, however, have shown that the academic discourse national retaliation against the cyber threat is rarely guided by the Copenhagen School’s Securitization Theory, which has established a massive gap on why the the discourse has not been the mainstream approach on tackling Indonesia’s national threat on its cyber infrastructures. As a conclusion, the analytical lenses by the Barry Buzan and Ole Waever is strictly adopting concepts to define its own securitization process, but each concepts are still lacking of the depth required to wholefully understand how ideal securitization should and would work. Nonetheless, putting a state’s political actor as the securitization actor deemed to be putting too much emphasize as the state as the main national stakeholders, putting the society in an absurd position within the process of securitization.
Indonesia’s Soft Power Diplomacy Agenda in Supporting National Interests I Kadek Andre Nuaba
Mandala: Jurnal Ilmu Hubungan Internasional Vol 8 No 1 (2025): Mandala: Jurnal Hubungan Internasional
Publisher : Fakultas Ilmu Sosial Ilmu Politik, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional "Veteran" Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33822/mjihi.v8i1.10799

Abstract

In the context of global geopolitical tensions and the rising use of hard power, the effectiveness of soft power has been questioned. However, Indonesia remains committed to leveraging soft power as a tool in diplomacy to achieve its national interests. This study aims to examine Indonesia's national interests through the soft power agendas pursued by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and assess their implementation through the pillars of soft power diplomacy. Using a descriptive qualitative method with a literature review approach, this research concludes that Indonesia's soft power diplomacy agenda aims to build a positive image as a democratic, moderate, and progressive nation. These national interests are realized through the four pillars of soft power diplomacy: politics and national values, economy and tourism, socio-culture, and the roles of actors in diplomacy. Despite the inherent limitations of soft power, Indonesia continues to rely on other instruments to support the creation of the desired positive image.
BUREAUCRATIC ANALYSIS OF INDONESIA’S MINISTRY OF DEFENCE: ADVANCING NATIONAL DEFENSE DIPLOMACY THROUGH THE 2024 INDONESIA-AUSTRALIA DEFENCE COOPERATION AGREEMENT (DCA) Haura, Shafa; Angelica Maria D. C; Jamalia Sumala; Salma Indri Yulianti; Muhammad Prakoso Aji
Mandala: Jurnal Ilmu Hubungan Internasional Vol 8 No 1 (2025): Mandala: Jurnal Hubungan Internasional
Publisher : Fakultas Ilmu Sosial Ilmu Politik, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional "Veteran" Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33822/mjihi.v8i1.10844

Abstract

This study analyzes the bureaucratic system of Indonesia’s Ministry of Defence in implementing the 2024 Indonesia-Australia Defence Cooperation Agreement (DCA). Literature review and interviews identified key challenges cross-national coordination complexity, legal/linguistic differences, and shared funding mechanisms. Ditkersinhan’s America-Pacific Subdirectorate served as the primary coordinator. Collaboration with Indonesia’s Foreign Ministry and the Australian Defence Attaché ensured administrative-operational alignment. Kemhan’s bureaucratic system proved effective, supported by hierarchical simplification and digitalization enhancing responsiveness. Tangible DCA outcomes included joint exercises and military education exchanges. The study concludes that bureaucratic efficiency through collaborative governance and procedural reform is critical for successful defense diplomacy, enabling systemic adaptation and strengthened regional stability.
The Long Road to Agreement: Analyzing the Dynamics of the Indonesia-Australia CEPA Negotiation Safitriyani; Tobing, Fredy Buhama Lumban
Mandala: Jurnal Ilmu Hubungan Internasional Vol 8 No 1 (2025): Mandala: Jurnal Hubungan Internasional
Publisher : Fakultas Ilmu Sosial Ilmu Politik, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional "Veteran" Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33822/mjihi.v8i1.11088

Abstract

The signing of the Indonesia-Australia Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (IA-CEPA) in 2019 and its ratification by Indonesia in 2020 marked a significant milestone in the economic relationship between the two nations. IA-CEPA goes beyond mere trade cooperation, encompassing a broader spectrum of economic collaboration across diverse sectors. However, the IA-CEPA negotiation process was challenging, notably a lengthy three-year hiatus from 2013 to 2016. This article delves into the reasons behind Indonesia's decision to persevere with IA-CEPA negotiations despite the extended delay, employing a qualitative methodology with a deductive approach using negotiation theory. The study finds that Indonesia's continued engagement stemmed from recognizing IA-CEPA as a crucial economic deal for expanding market access to Australia and attracting investment into Indonesia. Despite facing domestic political hurdles and shifts then, Indonesia maintained its commitment to the agreement, viewing it as an important step in strengthening the strategic partnership between the two countries.
NATO ENLARGEMENT AND U.S. FOREIGN POLICY AFTER THE COLD WAR Pradana, Muhammad Erza; Ghiffary Abdurrahman, Muhammad Kamil
Mandala: Jurnal Ilmu Hubungan Internasional Vol 8 No 1 (2025): Mandala: Jurnal Hubungan Internasional
Publisher : Fakultas Ilmu Sosial Ilmu Politik, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional "Veteran" Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33822/mjihi.v8i1.11104

Abstract

In the aftermath of the Cold War, the United States not only sought to preserve the NATO alliance but also supported its eastward enlargement. Beginning in 1999, NATO welcomed new member states; most were from the former Soviet bloc. America’s support for NATO enlargement deserves scrutiny. Why did the United States support NATO enlargement even when the Cold War had ended? To answer such a question is to uncover the rationale behind America’s decision. This is what this research aims to do. Utilizing the publicly available archival materials from the administrations of George H.W. Bush and Bill Clinton and through a review of the scholarly literature, we argue that the U.S. decision to support NATO enlargement is largely consistent with the basic premise of offensive realism: that states are acutely aware of uncertainty and that they seek to maximize their power for security reasons. Notwithstanding the presence of liberal ideals, America’s support for NATO enlargement, in other words, did have sound strategic rationale.
DIPLOMASI EKONOMI INDONESIA DALAM MENINGKATKAN EKSPOR KAKAO KE MALAYSIA PERIODE 2017 – 2021 Putri, Melisa Triatika Putri; Darmastuti, Shanti; Salam, Syahrul
Mandala: Jurnal Ilmu Hubungan Internasional Vol 8 No 1 (2025): Mandala: Jurnal Hubungan Internasional
Publisher : Fakultas Ilmu Sosial Ilmu Politik, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional "Veteran" Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33822/mjihi.v8i1.11284

Abstract

Indonesia is one of the countries that relies on international trade to support its economic growth. Since the 1980s, Indonesia's international trade has undergone significant changes, where previously, its exports heavily depended on oil and gas commodities. However, non-oil and gas commodities, such as cocoa, have now become dominant sectors in Indonesia's export development. Exports play a vital role in a country's economy, as an increase in exports compared to imports benefits the country, while dependence on imports can lead to a trade balance deficit. Malaysia is one of the main destinations for Indonesia's cocoa exports, followed by China, India, the United States, and the Philippines. Total cocoa exports in the last five years have shown fluctuations. Although geographically close, there are significant differences between Indonesian and Malaysian cocoa beans, especially in processing practices, particularly cocoa bean fermentation. Studies have shown that Indonesia's cocoa exports to Malaysia have increased, although from 2017 to 2021, there was a slight decline in the export volume. Indonesia's economic diplomacy, including cocoa product promotion and production quality improvements, has played a crucial role in maintaining and enhancing the competitiveness of Indonesian cocoa in the Malaysian market. Overall, Indonesia's economic diplomacy has significantly contributed to boosting cocoa exports to Malaysia during the 2017–2021 period through various initiatives that strengthen the competitiveness and quality of Indonesian cocoa products in the international market.

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