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Violence against Indonesian Migrant Workers - A Causal Analysis Kusuma, Ardli Johan; York, Michael Ryan; Wibowo, Rizki Hari
Jurnal Hubungan Internasional Vol 4, No 1 (2015): April
Publisher : Jurnal Hubungan Internasional

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18196/hi.2015.0065.47-57

Violence and abuse against Indonesian unskilled labourers and migrant workers has become prolific and is a serious breach of human rights. This research will provide a basis to understanding physical violence and abuse against Indonesian migrant workers overseas from a policy and government perspective. This issue will be analyzed with four different perspectives including; non-government organizations working in the field, governments and legislation which are obliged to protect migrant workers against abuse, agents who send Indonesian migrant workers overseas and victims who have returned following employment overseas. Both quantitative and qualitative research methods will be applied through the compilation and analysis of statistics by government and non-government organizations, assessing trends, demographics and social factors that increase the risk of exploitation and also providing an overview of relevant legislation. Victims, witnesses, agents and other concerned parties will give testimony to provide primary data and greater insight into the issue. Understanding the causes and trends behind these phenomena will provide a sturdy foundation on which to build long term policy solutions and cooperation among nations.

Strategi Diplomasi Kemanusiaan Pemerintah Indonesia Dalam Kasus Krisis Kemanusiaan Yang Dialami Etnis Rohingya Di Myanmar Tahun 2017 Fernando Ersento Maraden Sitorus, Ardli Johan Kusuma ,
Mandala: Jurnal Ilmu Hubungan Internasional Vol 2, No 2 (2019): Mandala: Jurnal Ilmu Hubungan Internasional
Publisher : Fakultas Ilmu Sosial Ilmu Politik Pr

This research wants to look at the humanitarian diplomacy strategy by the Indonesian government to provide humanitarian assistance to the Rohingya ethnic groups (especially those still in Myanmar in 2017). Myanmar's military and also the majority of people in Rakhine who are Buddhists have committed acts of violence and seized the human rights of the Rohingya ethnic group which is an ethnic minority in Rakhine who are Muslim. The issue attracted the attention of the international community, including Indonesia. This study uses a qualitative method, with a descriptive analytic approach, where data are collected by literature study. The findings of this study are: the Indonesian government has used several humanitarian diplomacy strategies, including: conducting a diplomatic approach between the Indonesian government and the Myanmar government (with due regard to the ASEAN Way), collaborating with the United Nations (offering formula 4+1 as a form of implementation of the recommendations from Advisory Commission Report for Rakhine), involved civilians to channel aid to the Rohingya ethnic group in Myanmar (forming AKIM consisting of 11 humanitarian agencies). The strategy succeeded in breaking through the blockade carried out by the Myanmar government as an effort to block humanitarian assistance provided by the international community.

Strategi Diplomasi Kemanusiaan Pemerintah Indonesia Dalam Kasus Krisis Kemanusiaan Yang Dialami Etnis Rohingya Di Myanmar Tahun 2017 Fernando Ersento Maraden Sitorus, Ardli Johan Kusuma ,
Mandala: Jurnal Ilmu Hubungan Internasional Vol 2, No 2 (2019): Mandala: Jurnal Ilmu Hubungan Internasional
Publisher : Fakultas Ilmu Sosial Ilmu Politik UPN"Veteran"Jakarta

This research wants to look at the humanitarian diplomacy strategy by the Indonesian government to provide humanitarian assistance to the Rohingya ethnic groups (especially those still in Myanmar in 2017). Myanmar's military and also the majority of people in Rakhine who are Buddhists have committed acts of violence and seized the human rights of the Rohingya ethnic group which is an ethnic minority in Rakhine who are Muslim. The issue attracted the attention of the international community, including Indonesia. This study uses a qualitative method, with a descriptive analytic approach, where data are collected by literature study. The findings of this study are: the Indonesian government has used several humanitarian diplomacy strategies, including: conducting a diplomatic approach between the Indonesian government and the Myanmar government (with due regard to the ASEAN Way), collaborating with the United Nations (offering formula 4+1 as a form of implementation of the recommendations from Advisory Commission Report for Rakhine), involved civilians to channel aid to the Rohingya ethnic group in Myanmar (forming AKIM consisting of 11 humanitarian agencies). The strategy succeeded in breaking through the blockade carried out by the Myanmar government as an effort to block humanitarian assistance provided by the international community.

PERUBAHAN STATUS ORGANISASI PAPUA MERDEKA (OPM) MENJADI ORGANISASI TERORIS OLEH PEMERINTAH INDONESIA: SEBUAH ANALISIS DALAM PERSPEKTIF HAM Kusuma, Ardli Johan; Setiawan, M. Chairil Akbar; Ilmar, Anwar; Situmeang, Nurmasari
JOURNAL OF GOVERNMENT (Kajian Manajemen Pemerintahan dan Otonomi Daerah) Vol 7, No 1 (2021): Journal Of Government : Manajemen Pemerintahan dan Otonomi Daerah
Publisher : rogram Studi Ilmu Pemeritahan Fakultas Ilmu sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas 17 Agustu

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

In dealing with the conflict in Papua, the Indonesian government has made various efforts, one of which is changing the status of the Free Papua Organization (OPM) which was originally defined as an armed criminal group, then changed to a terrorist group. The focus of this research is the change in the status of the OPM to the terrorist organization. This research is analytical with an explanatory approach that explains the reasons behind the policy taken by the Indonesian government to change the status of OPM to a terrorist organization. In collecting data to build arguments in this study using a literature study approach, where data is obtained from various literature sources such as books, journals, documents or reports, and also from internet sources that are considered relevant. The findings of this study can be illustrated that the Indonesian government's policy to change the status of the OPM to a terrorist organization has been motivated by several reasons, including: OPM has met the definitive requirements as a terrorist; expanding the space for the Indonesian government to deal with the OPM, including facilitating the tracking and blocking of funding for the OPM movement; To gain legitimacy from any efforts or steps taken to confront OPM; Using the "war on terror" norm to reduce the perception of human rights violations committed by the Indonesian government.

LATAR BELAKANG INDONESIA MENERIMA PENGUNGSI ROHINGYA PADA TAHUN 2015 (ANALISA KONSTRUKTIVIS) Lay Yang Moy; Ardli Johan Kusuma
GLOBAL INSIGHT JOURNAL Vol 1, No 1 (2016)
Publisher : Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Jakarta

ABSTRACT Prolonged military conflict between the government of Myanmar and Rohingya ethnicity has affected to the neighboring countries, particularly Southeast Asia. Indonesia is one of those affected by exodus of Rohingya ethnicity refugees to Southeast Asia in May 2015. Boats of the refugee exodus tottering in the middle of the sea after left by people smuggler were finally stranded in the Strait of Malacca. The coming of the refugees was rejected by three countries including Indonesia, Malaysia, and Thailand. The Army increased their surveillance and dispelled the boats from entering to sovereignty territory of the Republic of Indonesia, however, the community of Aceh who uphold the Human Right values, felt a pity with condition of the refugees and immediately gave a help and bought them to the land. After were criticized by local and international people due to their refusal to the refugees from Myanmar, finally the three countries made a consultation meeting. Indonesia and Malaysia stated to welcome the refugees of Rohingya ethnicity for one year. This research was aimed at analyzing change of Indonesian stance toward the coming of Rohingya ethnicity refugees from Myanmar in the middle of May 2015. The change of Indonesian stance from rejecting the coming of Rohingya ethnicity with many reasons to accept them for a year was the main problem of study in this research. The problem was analyzed by using qualitative descriptive method with constructivism paradigm as the argument basis and was strengthen by concept of refugees and Human Right values (HAM). Based on the finding of this research, it is concluded that the change of Indonesian stance from refusing to be accepting the Rohingya ethnicity refugees was due to insistence of local and international people as well as Indonesian identity as a country upholding Human Right values. Keyword: Indonesia, refugees, Rohingya ethnicity, Human Right values. ABSTRAK Kehadiran gelombang pengungsi etnis Rohingya yang mencari suaka ke wilayah Asia Tenggara, menimbulkan polemik. Kapal-kapal eksodus para pengungsi etnis Rohingya yang terombang-ambing di tengah laut setelah ditinggalkan oleh para penyelundup manusia, terdampar di perairan dekat Selat Malaka. Kehadiran para pengungsi tersebut ditolak oleh tiga negara : Indonesia, Malaysia dan Thailand. TNI meningkatkan pengawasan dan menghalau kapal-kapal para pengungsi yang memasuki wilayah kedaulatan RI, namun masyarakat Aceh merasa iba melihat kondisi para pengungsi dan segera membawa para pengungsi ke darat. Setelah mendapat kecaman dari lokal dan internasional karena menolak para pengungsi asal Myanmar tersebut, akhirnya Indonesia dan Malaysia menyatakan bersedia menampung para pengungsi asal Rohingya selama satu tahun. Penelitian ini menelaah perubahan sikap Indonesia yang semula menolak dengan berbagai alasan, akhirnya bersedia menampung para pengungsi etnis Rohingya selama satu tahun. Permasalahan tersebut dianalisis menggunakan metode deskripsi kualitatif dengan paradigma konstruktivisme sebagai dasar argumen dan diperkuat dengan konsep pengungsi (refugees). Berdasarkan temuan hasil penelitian, diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa perubahan sikap Indonesia yang akhirnya bersedia menerima para pengungsi etnis Rohingya dikarenakan identitas Indonesia sebagai negara yang menjunjung tinggi norma HAM. Kata Kunci : Indonesia, pengungsi, etnis Rohingya, identitas, norma HAM.

ANALISIS KEBIJAKAN PEMERINTAH INDONESIA ATAS MORATORIUM TENAGA KERJA INDONESIA KE TIMUR TENGAH PADA TAHUN 2015 Maria Dhiu; Ardli Johan Kusuma
GLOBAL INSIGHT JOURNAL Vol 6, No 2 (2021)
Publisher : Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52447/gij.v6i2.4766

ABSTRACTThe Existance of Indonesian Workers in the Middle East, is very beneficial in terms of foreign exchange earnings. Despite the high rate of remittances generated, the Indonesian government must also implement a moratorium on migrant workers sending policies to the Middle East in 2015, which is feared that this could cause a reduction in the amount of remittances, secifically for the Middle East region. Here, the writer will discuss in dept why the government should carry out the moratorium policy of migrant workers to the Middle East in 2015, while the gorvernment also know that the existance of the overseas migrant workers woud benefit economically. The writer see that, as the main actor, the state is obliged to provide protection for all its citizens whwrever they are.Keywords: Indonesia Workers, Moratorium, National Interest, Protecting Citizens. ABSTRAKKeberadaan Tenaga Kerja Indonesia di Timur Tengah, sangatlah menguntungkan dalam hal pendapatan devisa. Dibalik tingginya angka remitansi yang dihasilkan, namun pemerintah Indonesia juga harus menerapkan kebijakan moratorium pengiriman TKI ke Timur Tengah Tahun 2015, yang mana kebijakan tersebut dikhawatirkan dapat menyebabkan penurunan jumlah remitansi, secara khusus untuk kawasan Timur Tengah. Di sini, penulis akan membahas secara mendalam mengapa pemerintah harus melakukan kebijakan moratorius TKI ke Timur tengah Tahun 2015, sedangkan pemerintah juga tahu bahwa keberadaan TKI luar negeri tentu memberi keuntungan secara ekonomi. Penulis menggunakan sudut pandang realisme, dengan memakai teori kepentingan nasional, sehingga akan dibahas secara mendalam terkait permasalahan yang ada. Dalam penelitian tersebut, penulis melihat bahwa, sebagai aktor utama, negara wajib memberikan perlindungan bagi seluruh warga negaranya di mana pun berada.Kata Kunci: Tenaga Kerja Indonesia, Moratorium, Kepentingan Nasional, Melindungi Warga Negara.

INDONESIA DAN ANCAMAN TERORISME: DALAM ANALISIS DIMENSI IMATERIAL Ardli Johan Kusuma; Tulus Warsito; Surwandono Surwandono; Ali Muhammad
Sosiohumaniora Vol 21, No 3 (2019): SOSIOHUMANIORA, NOPEMBER 2019
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran

Pasca peristiwa 9/11, isu terorisme di dunia internasional menjadi isu penting. Bahkan di Indonesia pasca peristiwa serangan terhadap gedung WTC tersebut direspon dengan membuat instrumen kontra treorisme dalam konteks nasional yang kemudian dalam proses pelaksanaannya dianggap melanggar HAM. Padahal fenomena terorisme di Indonesia sebenarnya sudah ada jauh sebelum Indonesia membuat kebijakan-kebijakan kontra terorisme seperti: pembuatan UU anti terorisme, pembentukan BNPT, serta pembentukan pasukan khusus Densus 88. Tulisan ini ingin menjelaskan adanya pengaruh dari dimensi ide yang mempengaruhi persepsi pemerintah Indonesia dalam memaknai ancaman terorisme yang dibangun dalam konteks konstruksi sosial dalam pergaulan internasional, yang kemudian memberikan pengaruh bagi pemerintah Indonesia untuk membuat kebijakan represif dan cenderung melanggar HAM dalam kontra terorisme karena terorisme dipersepsikan sebagai ancaman nasional yang luar biasa.

The Issue of Human Rights Violation Towards Rohingnya Ethnic Group and the Role of International Community Ardli Johan Kusuma
Proceeding Of The International Seminar and Conference on Global Issues Vol 1, No 1 (2015): Proceeding of The International Seminar and Conference 2015
Publisher : Proceeding Of The International Seminar and Conference on Global Issues

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

This writing discusses the issue of human rights violation towards Rohingnya ethnic group in Myanmar, as well as the efforts made by international community to fight for Rohingnya’s right to be free from Human Rights violation. This writing is decsriptive and analitical by using qualitative method, the data collecting technic is “library research” where the data used to support the argument are obtained by collecting them from various sources such as books or literature, journal, newspaper, magazine, as well as data taken from the internet. The result of the discussion from this writing indicates the existence of the fact that human rights violation towards Rohingnya ethnic group occured in Myanmar as referred to International Human Rights Norm in United Nations Instrument (A universal declaration on Human Rights in 1948). In addition to that, international community is not yet able to persuade Myanmar Government to stop the human rights violation that occurs. International community with modern international network (Transnational Advocacy Networks) should be able to persuade Myanmar to respect human rights especially in the case of Rohingnya ethnic group so that this case ends. Keywords: International Human Rights Norm, Rohingnya Ethnic Group, Universal Declaration of Human Rights, Transnational Advocacy Networks.

Violence against Indonesian Migrant Workers - A Causal Analysis Ardli Johan Kusuma; Michael Ryan York; Rizki Hari Wibowo
Jurnal Hubungan Internasional Vol 4, No 1 (2015)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18196/hi.2015.0065.47-57

Violence and abuse against Indonesian unskilled labourers and migrant workers has become prolific and is a serious breach of human rights. This research will provide a basis to understanding physical violence and abuse against Indonesian migrant workers overseas from a policy and government perspective. This issue will be analyzed with four different perspectives including; non-government organizations working in the field, governments and legislation which are obliged to protect migrant workers against abuse, agents who send Indonesian migrant workers overseas and victims who have returned following employment overseas. Both quantitative and qualitative research methods will be applied through the compilation and analysis of statistics by government and non-government organizations, assessing trends, demographics and social factors that increase the risk of exploitation and also providing an overview of relevant legislation. Victims, witnesses, agents and other concerned parties will give testimony to provide primary data and greater insight into the issue. Understanding the causes and trends behind these phenomena will provide a sturdy foundation on which to build long term policy solutions and cooperation among nations.

Analisis Perkembangan Norma Internasional “War on Terror” dalam Perspektif Realis, Liberalis dan Konstruktivis Ardli Johan Kusuma; Tulus Warsito; Surwandono Surwandono; Ali Muhammad; Ulung Pribadi
Indonesian Perspective Vol 4, No 1: (Januari-Juni 2019), hlm. 1-99
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

This paper discusses about the dynamics of the development of the international norm “war on terror” which is analyzed from three dominant approaches in international relations; realism, liberalism, and constructivism. Specifically, this paper seeks to reveal the dynamics of war on terror norms from its inception to date, where the norms have been adopted by the majority of the international community. The first stage is the emergence of the norms which fall within realist thinking stressing on materialist and rationalist dimensions such as security issues and threats from terrorists. The second stage emphasizes on the role of international organizations and international law that closely associated with liberalist thinking. The last stage is strengthening the norms focusing on shared ideas related to humanity, human rights and freedom to build a common identity that led to the emergence of the counter-terrorism norms that fit constructivist perspective.

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