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Mesin
Published by Institut Teknologi Bandung
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Articles 539 Documents
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ANALISIS FREKUENSI PADA UJI TAK MERUSAK ULTRASONIK Amoranto Trisnobudi
Mesin Vol. 20 No. 2 (2005)
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Abstract

In ultrasonic nondestructive testing an ultrasonic wave is usually radiated through a material by a transducer. If there is a flaw inside the material, reflected or diffracted waves caused by the interaction between the ultrasonic wave and the flaw, are received by the same or another transducer. The received signals must be processed in order to obtain information about the flaw characteristics. For the flaw which perpendicular to the beam wave, the flaw size can be determined by amplitude analysis, for example by using DGS (Distance Gain Scale) diagram. The oblique flaw can be characterized by time analysis such as Time of Flight Diffraction (TOFD) method. But if the flaw is small or there is a large enough noise, frequency analysis must be used. This paper deals with the two methods using frequency analysis, i.e. ultrasonic spectroscopy and split spectrum processing, to overcome the above problems.
ANALISIS BESAR KESALAHAN MAGNITUDE FUNGSI RESPON FREKUENSI HASIL PENGUJIAN DENGAN METODE EKSITASI KEJUT AKIBAT KETERBATASAN PANJANG WAKTU REKAM Agusmian Partogi; Zainal Abidin; Komang Bagiasna
Mesin Vol. 21 No. 1 (2006)
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This paper describes the mathematical analysis concerning the influence of time record length on the magnitude error of the Frequency Response Function (FRF) using impact hammer testing. In this paper, the value of damped natural frequency is assumed to be the same with the value of positive integer multiple of the frequency resolution in response spectrum. The mathematical analysis results an equation which can be used to calculate the error value of FRF magnitude due to the finite time record length. As an illustrative example, the simulated FRF using impact hammer testing on four S-DOF vibration system models is presented in this paper. The simulation is performed using a computer program which is constructed using MATLAB software. The simulation results show that the error of FRF magnitude obtained from the simulated testing is almost the same with the error value derived from theoritical equation.
MODIFIKASI TOP CYCLONE UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KINERJA SUATU PABRIK SEMEN Prihadi Setyo Darmanto; Arief Syahlan
Mesin Vol. 21 No. 1 (2006)
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Abstract

Clinker production of a cement plant can be increased by rising clinker to kiln feed ratio-CKFR. One of the methods for increasing CKFR is by improving the separating efficiency of the top cyclone. The increase of separating efficiency of the top cyclone causes not only the increase of production, but is also followed by the lowering of specific heat consumption and percentage of ash in the coal because the exit gas from thetop cyclone is normally used for coal drying. This paper presents a simple and cheap modification of the top cyclone that has been applied in a Indonesian cement plant. The results show that the proposed modification can simultaneously increase clinker production, lower both of specific heat consumption and percentage of ash in the fine coal that used as the main fuel of the plant.
INFLUENCE OF SINTERING TEMPERATURE AND HOLDING TIME ON TENSILE STRENGTH AND SHRINKAGE OF PVC SPECIMEN ON INDIRECT PRESSURE-LESS SINTERING PROCESS S. A Widyanto; S Riyadi; A. E Tontowi; Jamasri Jamasri; H. S Rochardjo
Mesin Vol. 21 No. 1 (2006)
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Sintering process has proven to be a manufacturing process that can produce a mechanical part with high geometric complexity. Development of alternative sintering process is continuously conducted to find the most inexpensive process. A solution process which is called indirect pressure-less sintering were proposed in this research. Generally this process of making a mechanical part is initiated with arranging powder by deposition machine, and continued by sintering process in conventional furnace. Optimal parameters that consist of sintering temperature and holding time in this process were optimized in this paper. PVC powder and sand casting (silica) were used as a material product and supporting powder respectively. The variations of sintering temperature are 100, 105, 110, 115 and 120°C, while the holding times are 2, 4, 6 and 8 hours. The optimal parameters were found by measuring tensile strength and shrinkage of specimen. The experiment results showed that dimensional stability of specimen can not be maintained for sintering temperature of 115°C with holding time longer than 2 hours. In sintering temperature higher than 120°C, PVC material directly starts to melt so that the volume of specimen increased. This was caused by binding of supporting powder. The strength of binding mechanism was measured when sintering temperature was higher than 107°C. In sintering temperature of 113°C with varying the holding time (2-8 hours) gave the longest variation of tensile strength.
CRACK DETECTION USING OPERATING DEFLECTION SHAPE Djoko Suharto; Komang Bagiasna; Zainal Abidin
Mesin Vol. 21 No. 1 (2006)
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Abstract

This research presents development of vibration-based crack detection method using operating deflection shape (ODS) analysis from data measured by a Laser Doppler Vibrometer (LDV). Two types of work are conducted in this research. The first work is a numerical study, while the second work is an experimental study to verify the proposed method. In the numerical study, two types of specimen are used to simulate 2-Dimensional and 3-Dimensional problems using NASTRAN code. For the 2-Dimensional model, beams with two types of crack are tested, namely center and edge cracks. For the 3-Dimensional model, a plate specimen is tested. The length of the cracks and their locations are used as parameters to observe the ability of the proposed method to detect the existence and the location of the cracks. The results of numerical study show that the existence of cracks can be detected by using the natural frequency drops and the location of the cracks can be pinpointed by using the proposed S.Sd.D.Ms method (Square of the Second Derivative of the Deviation of the Mode Shape). In order to test the reliability of the proposed method, an experimental study is required. In this experimental study, FRF ODS measurements are conducted to derive the mode shape. Three types of specimen are measured, namely intact beam, center cracked beam, multiple center cracked beam and multiple edge cracked beam. The results of experimental study confirm that the proposed method can be used to detect the location of the cracks.
PACK CARBURIZING PADA SPROCKET SEPEDA MOTOR DENGAN MATERIAL BAJA KARBON RENDAH Budi Hartono Setiamarga; Novi Kurniawati; Umen Rumendi
Mesin Vol. 21 No. 1 (2006)
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Abstract

High quality motorcycle sprocket with cheaper price has been achieved by giving additional processing to non original locally made sprocket such that it has an almost the same quality as the original Japanese made sprocket . The additional processing was pack carburizing which was done to the non-original sprocket, followed by quench hardening and tempering so that the quality of the non-original sprocket will be almost the same as the original sprocket. Pack carburizing was applied with active carbon as the carbon source and 10% BaCO3 as the energizer. This process was done at 950°C and one hour holding time. For heat treatment, the heating was done at 850°C for 15 minutes, followed by water quenching and tempering at 150°C for 30 minutes. The carburizing result indicated that there was a carbon penetration depth of about 1.05 mm. After tempering, an effective case depth of about 0.2 mm was achieved. The process variables for obtaining an effective case depth of original sprocket (0.2 mm) are selected by applying pack carburizing using active carbon granule with 10%wt BaCO3 as the carburizing medium, processed at 950°C for an hour, followed by water quenching from 850°C and tempering at 150°C for 30 minutes.
OPTIMASI NUMERIK STRUKTUR GONG UNTUK MEMPEROLEH RASIO FREKUENSI PRIBADI TERTENTU I Wayan Suweca; Eko Cahyono
Mesin Vol. 21 No. 2 (2006)
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Abstract

The sound quality of a gong is influenced by its dynamic characteristics (its structural eigenmode). By controlling natural frequency ratio of the gong to a certain value, we can expect to obtain the optimum gong design. The subject of the present research is to establish an analysis of the application of design optimization in obtaining an optimum gong design. The optimum gong is defined as a gong that has a certain natural frequency ratio. The natural frequency ratio adopted in this reseach is based on those of English bell [1]. The Sequential Unconstrained Minimization Techniques from Ansys 5.4 is used to perform the optimization process. The design optimization method has been successfully applied on the optimization of the gong. The results obtained from the three case studies show that the most sensitive part of the gong is at its around free end. This indicates that in manufacturing gong, this part must be carefully treated.
APLIKASI METODE RAIMONDI DAN BOYD PADA PERBANDINGAN ANALISIS PERFORMANSI JOURNAL BEARING LOKOMOTIF YANG MENGALAMI BEBAN IMPAK Bagus Budiwantoro; Ridha Firmansyah; IGN Wiratmaja Puja
Mesin Vol. 21 No. 2 (2006)
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Abstract

Axle Lining is a type of journal bearing at wheel driver shaft in which makes locomotive traction motor possible to be supported on the mover shaft. According to hydrodynamic lubrication theory, journal bearing is designed to work under hydrodynamic lubrication condition. Film layer between journal and bearing surfaces can give less contact between those surfaces. When the bearing is working, all performance parameters such as minimum film thickness, eccentricity ratio, bearing friction coefficient, lubricant flow, maximum lubricant pressure, temperature rise of lubricant, have to be achieved thus the bearing can reach the desired life and performances. Impact load, which works to bearing, is one important factor to be noticed because it can affect bearing performance comprehensively. Using numerical Raimondi and Boyd method which developed in form of computer program, the process to determine journal bearing performance calculation can be easier and give more accurate result. The application of this method for the calculation performance import and local product show that imported journal bearing work under hydrodynamic condition for low value of impact load up to 1500 lbf (6,68 kN). Local product work under elastohydrodynamic condition for low value of impact load up to 1000 lbf (4,45 kN). Critical impact load is 1500 lbf (6,68kN) for both product which calculated using Trumpler criteria .
PERBANDINGAN PARAMETER DESAIN DAN PARAMETER OPERASI BEBERAPA KALSINER PABRIK SEMEN DI INDONESIA Prihadi Setyo Darmanto
Mesin Vol. 21 No. 2 (2006)
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Abstract

Cement calsiner is a reactor where the decarbonization of lime stone and fuel combustion processes take place simultaneously. Decarbonization of lime stone is endothermic process and uses the heat produced by the combustion of fuel. However, because these two simultaneous processes produce CO2, the effectiveness of both processes depend on the CO2 concentration along the gas stream inside the calciner. The complexity of these simultaneous processes causes the variation of calciner design that could be found in cement industry. Especially for the calciner using coal as a fuel, this variation design influences significantly to the operation of the calciner. This paper presents a comparison study of design and operational parameters of some calciners in Indonesian cement manufacturers. The result of study could be used for designers to consider some principal parameters during design process so that the calciner could operate properly and give a better performance.
KAJI EKSPERIMENTAL PENYERAPAN ENERGI TABUNG ALUMINIUM YANG MENGALAMI BEBAN TEKAN ARAH AKSIAL Bambang K Hadi; Ichsan S Putra; Yanyan Tedy S
Mesin Vol. 21 No. 2 (2006)
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Abstract

Energy absorbing structural components are widely used in vehicles, such as car, aircraft, train, ships and others. The aim is to absorb energy during impact and thus lessen the risk of occupant's injuries and limit the damage to the whole structure. Cylindrical shell that deform plastically due to longitudinal loading is one of the efficient energy absorbing structures. In this paper, experiments were carried out on aluminum cylindrical shell which was loaded axially. The diameters of the cylindrical shell were 60 mm and 100 mm, and the thickness was 2 mm. Some collapse trigger mechanisms were investigated, which are: plastic fold trigger, circular hole trigger and oval hole trigger. The experiments will then be compared with analytical results.

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