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Marine Research in Indonesia

MRI
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Published by Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia

ISSN : 02162873 EISSN : 24432008 DOI : -

Core Subject : Science,

Earth & Planetary Sciences

MARINE RESEARCH IN INDONESIA (MRI) has been published since 1956 by Indonesia's oldest marine research institute, the Research Center for Oceanography of LIPI (Indonesian Institute of Sciences). MRI focuses on physical, chemical, biological, geological oceanographic as well as coastal management studies in the Indonesian seas and the adjacent Indo-Pacific region.

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Articles 567 Documents

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POTENTIAL TOXIC CYANOBACTERIA IN THREE LAKES OF JAKARTA-BOGOR AREA, INDONESIA Prihantini, Nining Betawati; Widyawan, Arya; Rianto, Ronny; Ariyani, Yuni; Wardhana, Wishnu; Hendrayanti, Dian
Marine Research in Indonesia Vol 33 No 1 (2008)
Publisher : Research Center for Oceanography - Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI)

The research was aimed to understand the composition and dominancy of aquatic microalgae, and to know the potential toxicity of Cyanobacteria occuring in three lakes of Jakarta-Bogor area. The study was done in 2006. The sampling sites were Lake Sunter 2 (North Jakarta), Lake Babakan (South Jakarta), and Lake Lido (Bogor). The water samples were taken using plankton-net (20 tan mesh) with horizontal tow. The results showed that. the number of microalgal genera in Sunter 2, Babakan, and Lido were different, i.e. 10 genera, 40 genera, and 14 genera, respectively. Cyanobacteria were dominant in Sunter 2 (96%) and Babakan (90.01%). The dominant Cyanobacteria in Sunter 2 was Planktothrix agardhii (53.48%), whereas in Babakan was Chroococcus dispersus (68.52%). The second abundant Cyanobacteria in Sunter 2 was Arthrospira (42.54%). Planktothrix agardhii and Arthrospira are known to produce harmful toxin.

ANOMALOUS OCEANIC CONDITIONS IN THE TROPICAL INDIAN OCEAN DURING 2006 AS REVEALED BY MULTI-SATELLITE SENSORS Iskandar, Iskhaq
Marine Research in Indonesia Vol 34 No 2 (2009)
Publisher : Research Center for Oceanography - Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI)

A positive Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) took place in the tropical Indian Ocean during 2006. The evolution of this event started in July 2006 and intensified during August 2006. It was indicated by negative sea surface temperature anomalies, lower than normal sea level and supressed convection in the southeastern equatorial Indian Ocean in contrast to western counterpart. Peak negative SST anomalies exceeding 1°C were observed in the eastern basin during September-November coinciding with anomaous easterly winds along the equator and strong southeasterly winds along the coast of Sumatra and Java. The expression of this positive IOD was also seen in other physical variables: negative sea surface height anomalies about 30 cm and negative rainfall anomalies exceeding 8 mm/day were observed in the eastern basin. The events was terminated in December 2006 mainly due to warming of the eastern pole. The magnitude of this event determined by the east-west temperature gradient across the tropical Indian Ocean was the third largest in the last 30 years, after 1997 and 1994 events.

THE POTENTIALLY TOXIC BENTHIC DINOFLAGELLATES ON MACROALGAE AT THE REEF FLAT OF SERIBU ISLANDS, NORTH JAKARTA - INDONESIA Widiarti, Riani; Murtiningsih, -; Suwarti, -; Mutaqin, Ahmad; Kurnia, Gud Elina
Marine Research in Indonesia Vol 33 No 1 (2008)
Publisher : Research Center for Oceanography - Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI)

The Ciguatera Fish Poisoning (CFP) causing microorganisms were observed at the reef flat of Penjaliran Barat Islands and Pramuka Islands District, Seribu Island National Park, North Jakarta, Indonesia. Of the samples collected, four potentially toxic benthic dinoflagellates species were found, which are Gambierdiscus toxicus, Prorocentrum concavum, Prorocentrum lima, and Ostreopsis lenticularis. The dinoflagellates were found attached on the brown macroalgae Padina and Sargassum. Most of the benthic dinoflagellates from both locations were found in Pramuka Islands District, the inhabitated islands where human activities which could damage the coral reef areas were relatively high. Beside the macroalgae substrate preference of each dinoflagellate species, several environmental factors were also obtained in this research.

DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE OF MAJOR ZOOPLANKTON GROUPS IN AMBON BAY (MALUKU, INDONESIA) DURING A SALP SWARMING, WITH NOTES ON CHAETOGNATHA AND PTEROPODA SPECIES Troost, Dick G.; Sutomo, A. B.; Wenno, L. F.
Marine Research in Indonesia Vol 16 (1976)
Publisher : Research Center for Oceanography - Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI)

Eight zooplankton samples from several stations along a line from the inner to the outermost part of Ambon Bay were studied. In the samples from the Inner Bay, the salp Thalia sibogae SOEST outnumbers all other groups. The competition for food is responsible for relatively low numbers of these groups. At the Outer Bay stations the Copepoda is by far the most abundant group.TGraphs indicating the numbers of specimens per m3 of each of the seventeen groups are given for three groups of stations, of which the central one appeared to be the richest.The Chaetognatha, Pteropoda, and oblong fish eggs were identified. Oxygen and reactive phosphorus are presumed to be more connected with differences in planktonic life in Ambon Bay than temperature and salinity.Because of the importance of the live-bait fishery, and the threat of increasing pollution, a call in made for more extensive surveys.

THE EFFECTS OF SOME PESTICIDES ON REEF CORALS Lamberts, Austin E.
Marine Research in Indonesia Vol 17 (1977)
Publisher : Research Center for Oceanography - Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI)

While investigating a reef coral kill in Samoa it was speculated that this might have been due to contamination by some chemical. Subsequently, scleractinian reef corals were tested to assess their reactions to 12 commonly used pesticides and toxic substances. The chlorinated-hydrocarbons such as DDT and Endrin produced stress effects in corals subjected to 2ppm for 24 hours in in-vitro studies although the corals continued to deposit skeletal calcium. In-vivo tank experiments suggested that small amounts of these substances in seawater stimulated the corals to deposit skeletal calcium. Other pesticides were much less toxic to the corals.

EFFECTS OF ELEVATED TEMPERATURE ON THE MORTALITY AND METABOLISM OF PACIFIC REEF CORALS Coles, Stephen L.
Marine Research in Indonesia Vol 17 (1977)
Publisher : Research Center for Oceanography - Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI)

The upper thermal tolerance limits of subtropical (Hawaiian) and tropical (Enewetak) reef corals were determined both in the field and under laboratory conditions. Enewetak corals routinely withstand temperatures up to 34°C whereas similar exposure time at 32°C kill their Hawaiian congeners. These differing upper thermal limits correspond to increases of + 4 - 5°C above the annual water temperature maxima at each location. Reef coral temperature tolerance is therefore closely adapted to the ambient ocean temperature conditions of a geographic location.Studies of temperature effect on reef coral photosynthesis (P) and respiration (R) also showed different patterns between locations. Same species shower greater autotrophic capability at elevated temperatures in Enewetak than Hawaii. Critical temperatures estimated as coinciding with P:R ratio values minimal to support long term functional autotrophy were 2-5°C higher for Enewetak than Hawaiian specimens, closely corresponding to observed differences in upper thermal tolerance. Results support a hypothesis of temperature adaptation capability for reef corals and suggest that short term physiological tests can predict relative differences in temperature tolerance among coral species.

CORAL REEF RECOVERY FOLLOWING ACANTHASTER INFESTATIONS Pearson, R. G.
Marine Research in Indonesia Vol 17 (1977)
Publisher : Research Center for Oceanography - Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI)

Since late 1971, data have been obtained on coral recolonization on reefs of the Great Barrier Reef which had been damaged by Acanthaster infestations during the 1960's. There is now tabular Acropora, particularly on the seaweed reef slope in the depts of less than 10 meters. Many such corals now measure 50 cm to 100 cm in diameter. However, recent observations indicate that these corals can be dislodged by strong wave action thus providing an opportunity for both further coral settlement and for the survival and growth of previously "overtopped" colonies.

THE GORGONIAN-OVULID ASSOCIATIONS OF AN INTERTIDAL CORAL COMMUNITY ON PENANG ISLAND, WEST MALAYSIA Segal, Earl
Marine Research in Indonesia Vol 17 (1977)
Publisher : Research Center for Oceanography - Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI)

Over parts of the rocky north shore of Penang Island, West Malaysia, and Pulau Tikus, a small island one mile offshore from Penang, coral communities (Gorgonacea, Alcyonacea, Scleractinia) may be found in the turbid inshore waters. These corals are bathed by the waters of the Muda River system on the mainland and by the waters fluxing through extensive mangal along the mainland and around Penang Island. The diverse components of the coral community are truly intertidal being exposed during spring low tides throughout the year. It appears as though the gorgonians of the coral community are unusual in their diversity and intertidal distributions. So, too, does it appear, are the ovulid gastropods associated with the gorgonians. I will, both orally and visually, described the Penang-Pulau Tikus intertidal coral community, elaborate on the gorgonians and their associated ovulid snails, and discuss the stresses placed upon the complex by man.

ON THE CULTIVATION OF CAULERPA RACEMOSA VAR. OCCIDENTALIS IN THE PHILIPPINES AND SOME ASPECTS OF THE PHYSIOLOGICAL ECOLOGY Colina, A.; Horstman, U.; Schramm, W.
Marine Research in Indonesia Vol 17 (1977)
Publisher : Research Center for Oceanography - Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI)

Caulerpa racemosa, a benthic siphonaceous algae has its natural habitat in the sublittoral zone of tropical areas. In the Philippines, since a few years, it is cultivated on commercial scale in flooded ponds in the intertidal mangrove zone. Unlike in their natural habitats, Caulerpa in these ponds is subjected to sometimes considerable changes in salinity (rain, evaporation, tem-perature and light (Insolation), and in pH). The response of Caulerpa to these factors and the comparison of the ecological conditions, both in the natural habitats and the cultured ponds have been investigated. The experiments showed that the observed changes of the studied parameters normally range within the physiological limits of Caulerpa. Under extreme conditions, however, detri-mental effects can occur. Ways of controlling such factors are discussed.

SOME ASPECTS OF THE CULTURE OF EUCHEMA Horstman, U.; Colina, A.; Schramm, W.
Marine Research in Indonesia Vol 17 (1977)
Publisher : Research Center for Oceanography - Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI)

Eucheuma striatum and Eucheuma spinosum, are red algae of commercial value because of their carrageenin content, to an increasing extent are cultivated in the Philippines. The influence of environmental factors on growth rate and photosynthesis of these seaweeds were studied through observations in their natural biotope in seaweed farms, from in-situ experiments, and photosynthesis experiments in an incubator. While difference in light intensity and temperature play only a minor role, the algae were found out to be sensitive to low salinity and to the amount of dissolved gases and nutrients in the surrounding seawater. The algae can only be cultured in areas where there is sufficient current but to a cer-tain extent lack of current can be compensated by exposing the plants to wave action. This leads to certain conclusions regarding the most suitable method of commercial Eucheuma culture. Eucheuma can be successfully cultured in small rafts or in floating baskets in areas where there is insufficient current for the use of fixed nets or strings. There is evidence that-the CO2 -02 metabolism in the surrounding water plays an important role in Eucheuma growth. Eucheuma harvest can be further increased by introducing more nutrients. Fertilizing with phosphate caused a bigger increase in growth rate than with nitrogen. The method of spraying plants after temporarily removing them from the water, found to be more effective than fertilizing solutions by the use of clay pots. The presence of a bacterial disease, locally referred to as "ice-ice", was recognized as a clear indication that certain environment conditions were unfavourable for Eucheuma culture. Low salinity, in the first place, but also lack of current favors the attack of "ice-ice". Finally, it was found that Eucheuma adapts itself to its culture site in such a way that after maintaining seedlings in an area for a sufficient length of time, the cultured plants showed better growth rates and were resistent to unfavorable conditions than plants recently transferred to the area.

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Aan J. Wahyudi

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aanj001@lipi.go.id

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Kota adm. jakarta selatan,

Dki jakarta

INDONESIA