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Marine Research in Indonesia

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Published by Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia

ISSN : 02162873 EISSN : 24432008 DOI : -

Core Subject : Science,

Earth & Planetary Sciences

MARINE RESEARCH IN INDONESIA (MRI) has been published since 1956 by Indonesia's oldest marine research institute, the Research Center for Oceanography of LIPI (Indonesian Institute of Sciences). MRI focuses on physical, chemical, biological, geological oceanographic as well as coastal management studies in the Indonesian seas and the adjacent Indo-Pacific region.

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Articles 567 Documents

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CALANOID COPEPODS OF THE GENUS CENTROPAGES AND ITS SPECIES-GROUP FROM INDONESIAN WATERS Mulyadi, -
Marine Research in Indonesia Vol 33 No 1 (2008)
Publisher : Research Center for Oceanography - Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14203/mri.v33i1.503

The marine copepods of the genus Centropages form a very important component of tropical marine ecosys-tem, but are poorly known. In a continuing study of the copepods of Indonesian coastal waters, eight species of Centropages were collected from 11 sites during 1996-2006. Four out of five previously known species i.e., C. calaninus (Dana, 1849); C. furcatus (Dana, 1849); C. gracilis (Dana, 1849); C. orsini Giesbrecht, 1896, except C. elongatus Giesbrecht, 1869 have been recorded. Four species i.e., C. brevifurcus Shen and Lee, 1963; C. dorsispinatus Thompson and Scott, 1903; C. sinensis Chen and Zhang, 1965; and C. tenuiremis Thompson and Scott, 1903, are new records for the area.

CHEMICAL PROPERTIES IN THE CONSERVATION AREAS OF GILIMANUK BAY, WEST COAST OF BALI Muchtar, Muswerry
Marine Research in Indonesia Vol 33 No 1 (2008)
Publisher : Research Center for Oceanography - Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI)

The study on chemical properties in the conservation areas of Gilimanuk Bay, west coast of Bali was carried out in March 2006. The dissolved oxygen and degree of acidity (pH) in surface water were analyzed. The nutrients, consisting of phosphate, nitrate and ammonia concentrations in water were analyzed as well. In general all the chemical parameters were normal for coastal waters. Dissolved oxygen in this area was lower than those in Jakarta Bay and Panimbang waters, while the nutrient concentrations were lower compared to those of Cisadane Estuary, but higher compared to those of Mamberamo Waters. The fluctuations of pH, dissolved oxygen and other nutrients were influenced by the condition of surrounding area.

PARTIAL CHRONIC TOXICITY TEST OF COPPER (Cu2+), ZINC (Zn2+) and CYANIDE (Cn+) FOR YOUNG COBIA FISH (Rachycentron canadum) Dung, Le Quang; Cu, Nguyen Duc
Marine Research in Indonesia Vol 33 No 1 (2008)
Publisher : Research Center for Oceanography - Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI)

The partial toxicity tests of copper (Cu2+), zinc (Zn2+) and cyanide (CN-) for young cobia (Rachycentron canadum) fishes 45 days-old were conducted in Doson station during ten days (yr 2005). These three toxic substances affected strongly the growth rate of the Cobia fish (length and weight of the body), even at the lowest treated concentration. The LC50 values of copper, zinc and cyanide were 0.32 mg l-1; over mg l-1 and 0,049 mg l-1, respectively. Based on the statistical analysis of growth rate of cobia by determining 1C25, IC50, NOEC and LOEC values, we have addressed the safe concentrations of these two heavy metals and cyanide in the environmental aquaculture which must be lower than 0.025 mg Cu l-1, 0.5 mg Zn l-1 and 0.005 mg CN l-1, respectively. The result also showed that cyanide was the most toxic to Cobia, followed by copper and zinc.

HYDROCARBONOCLASTIC BACTERIA FROM JAKARTA BAY AND SERIBU ISLANDS Darmayati, Yeti; Harayama, Shigeaki; Yamazoe, Atsushi; Hatmanti, Ariani; Sulistiani, -; Nuchsin, Ruyitno; Kunarso, Djoko Hadi
Marine Research in Indonesia Vol 33 No 1 (2008)
Publisher : Research Center for Oceanography - Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI)

Jakarta Bay has been known as one of the most polluted marine environment in Indonesia, with no exception by oil. Seribu Islands waters, located in the north of Jakarta Bay may have been impacted by this polluted condition.It?s sometimes also hit by oil spillage from pipe leakage. The purpose of this study is to isolate and identify hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria (oil and Polyaromatic Hydrocarbon degrading bacteria) from Jakarta Bay and Seribu Island waters. The bacteria were isolated from water and sediment/sand. Isolation was prepared by enriched samples in SWP medium with Arabian Light Crude Oil (ALCO). Screening for PAH degrading bacteria has been completed by using sublimation plate method in ONR7a medium and screening for oil degrading bacteria were conducted by using oil plated method with the same medium. Bacteria identifications were done based on l6sRNA gene. The results were analyzed using BLAST and showed that 131 potential hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria have been isolated from Jakarta Bay and Seribu Island waters. Most of them were oil degrading bacteria (41.98%) and the rest were PAH degrading bacteria. Oil pollution level may impact the number of strain of hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria isolated. Among the hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria isolated from Jakarta Bay and Seribu Islands, Alcanivorax, Marinobacter, Achromobacter and Bacillus were common hydrocarbonoclastic genera in Jakarta Bay and its surrounding waters. Alcanivorax spp. is important oil and PAH-degrader found not only in temperate waters, but in tropical waters as well.

CONCENTRATION AND FLUX OF ATMOSPHERIC SURFACTANTS FROM COASTAL WATERS Latif, Mohd Talib; Mohamad, Che Abdul Rahim; Ali, Masni Mohd; Othman, Mohamed Rozali; Ramli, Nor Izanin; Hanif, Norfazrin Mohd
Marine Research in Indonesia Vol 33 No 1 (2008)
Publisher : Research Center for Oceanography - Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI)

This study tries to determine the concentration of sea surface microlayer from different coastal environments (Port Dickson, Negeri Sembilan and Perhentian Island, Terengganu). The concentration of surfactants in both sea surface microlayer and atmospheric aerosols were analysed by using colorimetric method as methylene blue active substances (MBAS) and diethyl violet active substances (DBAS). The results indicated that the concentration of surfactants as MBAS (0.421 +/- 0.040 imol l-1) and DBAS (0.294 +/- 0. 123 imol l-1) were still at the natural concentration level. The flux of surfactants from sea surface microlayer is expected around 2.3 Mmol yr-1 compared to the amount of 1300 Mmol yr-1 surfactants in atmospheric aerosols around marine ecosystem.

STUDY OF MICROBIAL POLLUTION IN THE ACEH COASTAL WATERS AND ITS VICINITY Kunarso, Djoko Hadi
Marine Research in Indonesia Vol 33 No 1 (2008)
Publisher : Research Center for Oceanography - Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI)

Study of microbial pollution in the Aceh coastal waters and its vicinity were carried out in the period of August - September 2006. The purpose of the study is to monitor the marine and coastal environments related to the bacterial condition in Aceh waters after the tsunami disaster. The sediment and water samples were collected from 28 stations in four sites in the Aceh waters (Eastern Aceh, Northern Aceh, Western Aceh and Simeulue Islands waters), using the RV. Baruna Jaya VIII. The determination of microbial pollution was based on parameters of coliform and pathogenic bacteria. The coliform bacteria was analysed by membrane filter technique and pathogenic bacteria (Salmonella and Vibrio) by isolation method based on the selective culture media of Salmonella and TCBS agar. The results of the study showed that density of total coliform bacteria varied between 40 and 1055 CFU/100 ml with an average of 443 CFU/100 ml. Based on the pattern of the distribution of coliform bacteria it was found the highest number in Eastern Aceh with the value of 611 CFU/100 ml and the lowest number in Western Aceh with the value of 348 CFU/100 ml. Based on the density of coliform bacteria, Aceh waters was in the lower permissible level of the Indonesian and WHO standards, means that the coastal environment in Aceh waters is still in good condition. Four genera of pathogenic bacteria isolated from seawater samples were Pseudomonas, Citrobacter, Aeromonas and Proteus, and 6 genera from sediments samples were found i.e. Pseudomonas, Citrobacter, Aeromonas, Yersinia, Proteus and Vibrio. The pathogenic bacteria from the samples such as Salmonella typhy and Vibrioparahaemoliticus had low pathogenic potential. This indicated that the risk of pathogenic bacterial contamination in Aceh and its vicinity waters were relatively low, therefore, the conditions of coastal and marine environments were relatively in good condition.

HORIZONTAL DISTRIBUTION OF DINOFLAGELLATE CYSTS IN SURFACE SEDIMENTS OF JAKARTA BAY: SOME PRELIMINARY RESULTS Sidharta, Boy Rahardjo; Panggabean, M. G. Lily; Mizushima, Koichiro
Marine Research in Indonesia Vol 33 No 1 (2008)
Publisher : Research Center for Oceanography - Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI)

Ten surface sediment samples were collected from Jakarta Bay to study the horizontal distribution of dinoflagellate resting cysts in this area. Overall results had shown unique species composition and diversity of dinoflagellate cyst assemblages. However, dinoflagellate cysts found in this preliminary research were sparse and relatively low in term of species number and concentrations. Twenty cyst morphophites were identified in this research, within which ten cysts belong to autotrophic and another ten belong to heterotrophic species. Protoperidinium cysts were the most diversified group, predominating in almost the sampling locations. The cysts identified were generally characterized by species belonged to three orders namely Gonyaulacales, Gymnodiniales, and Peridiniales. Only one dinoflagellate cyst found that was belonged to the toxic and harmful algal bloom (HAB) member species, i.e. Gymnodinium catenatum.

OCCURRENCE OF Gymnodinium catenatum IN THE GULF OF THAILAND Lirdwitayaprasit, Thaithaworn; Panuksubaksul, Darin; Takata, Yoshinobu; Sato, Shigeru; Kodama, Masaaki; Fukuyo, Yasuwo
Marine Research in Indonesia Vol 33 No 1 (2008)
Publisher : Research Center for Oceanography - Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI)

A clonal culture of Gymnodinium catenatum was established from a plankton sample collected from Leamthan, Chonburi Province, in the Upper Gulf of Thailand. The culture was maintained at 28±1°C under light intensity of 70 [tmol photons m-2 s-1 with 12:12 L:D cycle. Cells were harvested at late exponential phase and extracted with 0.03 M acetic acid. The HPLC analysis on thus obtained extract revealed that toxins consist of N-sulfocarbamoyl toxins, Cl and C2, as major components. GTX1, GTX2, GTX3, GTX4 and dcSTX were also detected as minor components. The toxin profile of this clone is different from clones of G. catenatum found in Singapore which was dominated by the highly potent carbamate toxins, primarily GTX 1 and 4 with less amounts of GTX2, GTX3, neosaxitoxin, and saxitoxin. No N-sulfocarbamoyl, decarbaomyl, or deoxy-decarbamoyl toxins were detected.

THE DISTRIBUTION OF HEAVY METALS IN SEDIMENT OF JAKARTA BAY Rochyatun, Endang; Rozak, A.
Marine Research in Indonesia Vol 33 No 1 (2008)
Publisher : Research Center for Oceanography - Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI)

A survey on heavy metal content in seawater and sediment was conducted in Jakarta Bay in May and October 2004. There is indication of significant presence of heavy metal in sediment. The contents of heavy metals in sediment at the western part of Jakarta Bay varied as follows: Pb = 10.67-35.19 ppm, Cd = 0.04-0.30 ppm, Cu = 7.41-74.70 ppm, Zn = 76.99-497.53 ppm and Ni = 4.58-18.75 ppm. At the central part of Jakarta Bay, they varied as Pb = 6.69-64.44 ppm, Cd = 0.01-0.442 ppm, Cu = 1.19-40.60 ppm, Zn = 53.87-275.68 ppm and Ni = 4.09-11.88 ppm and at the eastern of Jakarta Bay, Pb content varied between 3.64 and 43.97 ppm, Cd = <0.001-0.320 ppm, Cu = 0.82-36.47 ppm, Zn = 78.27-230.68 ppm and Ni = 4.58-11.02 ppm. The concentration of Pb in May and of Cu in Octobei 2004 were found higher near the coast and decreases towards the open sea, which is commonly found in front of estuary such Angke and Cengkareng Drain. The concentration of Cd in Jakarta Bay was constant at all stations and does not show any correlation with the distance of station and estuary. Heavy metals content in sediment was high in Jakarta Bay.

THE EFFECT OF VITAMIN C AND AEROMONAS VACCINE ON THE IMMUNE RESPONSE AND DISEASE RESISTANCE OF GROUPER (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus) Ilmiah, -; Triana, St. Hidayah; Tassakka, Asmi Citra Malina A.R.; Rantetondok, Alex; Anshary, Hilal
Marine Research in Indonesia Vol 34 No 2 (2009)
Publisher : Research Center for Oceanography - Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI)

We evaluated the effectiveness of vitamin C and Aeromonas salmonicida vaccine in grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus) for increasing immune responses and protection against A .salmonicida. The vitamin C used was polyethoxylated ascorbic and tocopherol. The vaccine was prepared from formalin-killed cells and concentrated extracellular products of a single isolate A. salmonicida. Bath immersion vitamin C and vaccine trials were conducted for 60 min. Fish used had a mean weight 25 g. Control groupers were injected with tryptic soy broth. The results showed that vitamin C enhanced phagocytic activity in head kidney leucocytes of grouper 7, 14, 28 and 36 days after treatments. A significant different of the antibody titre was found between control fish and the treated fish at 42 days after treatments. In addition, at day 42, Relative Percent Survival (RPS) for control group was 53.3 %, vitamin C-treated group was 80.0 % and vaccinated group was 90.0 %. The results of this study suggest that bath immersion of vitamin C provided an increasing of phagocytic activity (non-specific immune responses), titre antibody (specific immune responses) and protection against A. salmonicida infection in grouper. A. salmonicida vaccine also en-hanced titre antibody and protection against A. salmonicida infection in grouper.

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