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INDONESIA
MEDIA MEDIKA INDONESIANA
Published by Universitas Diponegoro
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Articles 134 Documents
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Kadar IFN-γ (fungsi TH-1 CD4+) dan IL-4 (Fungsi TH-2 CD4+) pada Penderita Artritis Lepra Suyanto Hadi; Triyuliati Triyuliati
MEDIA MEDIKA INDONESIANA 2010:MMI VOLUME 44 ISSUE 1 YEAR 2010
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The correlation between IFN-γ (TH-1 CD4+ function) and IL-4 level (TH-2 CD4+ function) in leprosy arthritisBackground: It was hypothesized by some expertise that there is a negative correlation between TH-1 CD4+ function (IFN- level) and TH-2 CD4+ function (IL-4 level) in rheumatoid arthritis and lupus pathogenesis (Leader). The correlation between IFN-γ level and IL-4 level in the leprosy arthritis has never been reported. The objective of the study is to evaluate the correlate between IFN- and IL-4 level in leprosy arthritis. Method: The correlation between IFN- level (pg/ml) and IL-4 level (pg/ml) were analysed after stimulated with several M. leprae Ag. (10 kDa, 35 kDa, and MLSA 2 ug/ml) on the peripheral blood lymphocyte culture of leprosy arthritis patients (n=22) (RPMI 1640 sigma). The study was carried out at Hayati Laboratory Gajah Mada University. The Spearman correlation test was used in analysis.Result: There were no significant correlations between IFN- and IL-4 level given 3 different numbers of M. leprae with r1=-0.32, r2=0.262, and r3=0.324 with p1=0.888, p2=0.238, and p3=0.747 respectively of Spearman test on arthritis leprosy group. Conclusion: There is no correlation between IFN- and IL-4 level in leprosy arthritis patients.ABSTRAKLatar belakang: Dihipotesiskan oleh para ahli adanya korelasi negatif antara fungsi limfosit TH1CD4+ (kadar IFN- pg/ml) dan limfosit TH-2 CD4+ (kadar IL-4 pg/ml) pada artritis reumatoid dan lupus eritematosus sistemik (Leader). Korelasi kadar IFN-γ (pg/ml) dan kadar IL-4 (pg/ml) pada artritis lepra belum pernah dilaporkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi korelasi antara kadar IFN- dan IL-4 pada penderita artritis lepra.Metode: Metode penelitian yang dipergunakan adalah belah lintang. Dilakukan analisis hubungan kadar IFN- (pg/ml) dan IL-4 (pg/ml) pada kultur limfosit darah perifer (RPMI 1640 sigma) penderita artritis lepra pasca stimulasi beberapa Ag M. leprae (10 kDa, 35 kDa, dan MLSA 2 ug/ml). Kultur limfosit darah dilakukan di Laboratorium Hayati FK UGM Yogyakarta. Dilakukan uji korelasi dengan Spearman. Hasil: Tidak terdapat korelasi antara kadar IFN- (pg/ml) dengan kadar IL-4 (pg/ml) setelah distimulasi dengan dosis berbeda, dengan nilai r1=-0,32, r2=0,262, dan r3=0,324 berturut-turut disertai nilai p1=0,888, p2=0,238, dan p3=0,747 dengan uji korelasi Spearman. Simpulan: Tidak terdapat korelasi antara kadar IFN-γ dengan IL-4 pada kultur limfosit darah perifer penderita artritis lepra
Senyawa Aktif Sayuran Cruciferae dan Perubahan Kadar Kolesterol serta Vitamin C pada Tikus Hiperkholesterolemia Endang Sri Sunarsih; Lukman Hakim; Sugiyanto Sugiyanto; Sumantri Sumantri
MEDIA MEDIKA INDONESIANA 2011:MMI Volume 45 Issue 3 Year 2011
Publisher : MEDIA MEDIKA INDONESIANA

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ABSTRACTActive compounds of cruciferae family and the change of total cholesterol level and vitamine C in hipercholesterolaemic ratsBackground: Cauli flower is a member of the Cruciferae family. One of the active compound content of indole-3-carbinol, is used to prevent and treat cancer. Vitamine C in the cauli flower as an antioxidant is able to avert free radicals that are formed in aerobic organisms and hipercholesterolaemic condition. The study aimed to determine the active compounds contained in the of cauli flower and its role in changing of the lipid profile and vitamine C levels in hipercholesterolaemic rats.Methods: To identify up the active compounds of cauli flower by maceration repeately, with alcohol: ammoniak (19:1). The results were determinated by thin layer chromatography (TLC). Spotting results obtained were compared with standard spots in its color reaction and Rf spots with Rf standard samples. Twenty rats were divided into 4 groups, and made hipercholesterolaemic, group I as a negative control, group II as a positive control were given green tea 0.605 g/kgBW, group III-IV were given cauli flower juice for 14 days dose of 10 and 15 ml/kgBW, the blood were analyzed for total cholesterol level and vitamine C plasma.Results: Cauli flower active compounds are indole-3-carbinol, indole-1-3-carbinol, indole-3-carboxylic acid and sulforafan they were capable of decreasing total cholesterol levels to 45%, and increasing plasma vitamine C level by 55% compared to before treatment.Conclusion: Cauli flower contains 4 indoles, and is able to decrease total cholesterol and increase vitamine C plasma in hipercholesterolaemic rats.Keywords: Cruciferae, indole, TLC, cholesterol, vitamine CABSTRAKLatar belakang: Bunga kubis, termasuk keluarga Cruciferae. Salah satu kandungan senyawa aktifnya indol-3-karbinol, mampu mencegah dan mengobati penyakit kanker. Vitamin C yang terdapat di dalam bunga kubis sebagai antioksidan mampu menangkal radikal bebas yang terbentuk pada organisme aerobik, kondisi hiperkolesterolemia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui senyawa aktif yang terkandung dalam bunga kubis (Brassica Oleracea var Botrytis L) dan perannya dalam mengubah profil lipid dankadar vitamin C pada tikus hiperkolesterolemia.Metode: Untuk menyari senyawa aktif bunga kubis dilakukan macerasi berulang, dengan alkohol: ammoniak (19:1). Hasil penyarian dilakukan penetapan senyawa aktif secara kromatografi lapis tipis (KLT). Hasil bercak yang diperoleh dibandingkan dengan bercak standar dengan membandingkan reaksi warna dan Rf bercak sampel dengan Rf standar.Untuk mengamati efek farmakologi, 20 ekor tikus dibagi menjadi 4 kelompok, dibuat hiperkolesterolemia, kelompok I sebagai kontrol negatif, kelompok II sebagai kontrol positif diberi teh hijau 0,605 g/kgBB, kelompok III-IV diberi jus bunga kubis bunga selama 14 hari dosis 10 ml/kgBB dan 15 ml/kgBB, data darah dianalisis kadar kholesterol total serum dan vitamin C plasma.Hasil: Bunga kubis (Brassica Oleracea var Botrytis L) mengandung senyawa aktif: indol-3-karbinol, indol-1-3-karbinol, indol-3- asam karboksilat dan sulforafan yang mampu menurunkan kadar kolesterol total serum sampai 45% dan meningkatkan kadar vitamin C plasma sampai 55% dibanding sebelum perlakuan.Simpulan: Bunga kubis mengandung 4 senyawa indol dan mampu menurunkan kolesterol total serum dan meningkatkan vitamin C plasma pada tikus hiperkolesterolemia
Nyeri Yang Diprovokasi Electric Foot Shock, Daya Bunuh Makrofag dan Penggunaan Imunomodulator BCG pada Mencit Balb/C Dwi Pudjonarko; M. Naharuddin Jenie; Edi Dharmana
MEDIA MEDIKA INDONESIANA 2008:MMI Volume 43 Issue 3 Year 2008
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Provocated pain by electric foot shock, macrophage killing ability and the use of BCG as immunomodulator in Balb/C miceBackground: Pain affects immune system through Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) and Symphatetic-adrenal-medullary (SAM) axis. Immunostimulator BCG increase immune system via type I response. The aim of this study is to prove that the decrease of immune response due to pain can be improved by introducing BCG vaccine assessed by macrophage activity.Methods: The study adapts Laboratory Experimental and Post-Test Only Control Group Design. Samples were 24 female Balb/C mice average weight 21.88(SD=1.75) grams and divided into four groups. The control group (C) received no other additional treatment. The BCG group (B) received intra-peritoneal injection of 0.1 ml BCG at day 1st and 11th. The EFS (E) received Electric foot shock 1-3 mA at day 12th to 21st and the BCG+ EFS group (BE) received BCG and EFS as mentioned before. All groups wereintravenously injected with 104 live L. monocytogenes at day 21st and sacrificed at day 26th by chloroform anaesthesia. Then, Macrophages Nitrit Oxyde (NO) concentration and liver bacterial count were measured. Data were analyzed by One Way ANOVA, Post Hoc Test Bonferroni and Pearson’s product moment supported by computer software SPSS 13.0 (significant if p<0.05).Results: There were significant differences in the macrophages NO production and the liver bacterial count (p<0.05) among the groups. The highest number of bacterial count and the lowest number of NO production was found in the E group. In contrast, there were significant differences on the number of bacterial count and NO production between BE group and E group (p>0.05).Conclusions: Pain provocation causes low NO concentration in macrophages and the introduction of BCG could improve the condition.Keywords: Pain, macrophages, NO, bacterial count ABSTRAKLatar belakang: Nyeri dapat mempengaruhi imunitas tubuh melalui aksis Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) dan Symphateticadrenal- medullary (SAM) dengan menurunkan produksi sitokin tipe 1. Penggunaan imunostimulator BCG terbukti dapat meningkatkan respon imunitas seluler melalui respon tipe I. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan penurunan imunitas seluler yang diakibatkan nyeri dapat diperbaiki dengan pemberian vaksin BCG dengan melihat aktivitas makrofag.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental laboratorik, dengan pendekatan The Post Test – Only Control Group Design yang menggunakan 24 ekor mencit betina strain Balb/C, umur 6-8 minggu. Sampel dibagi menjadi 4 kelompok dan mendapatkan makanan standar. Pada Kelompok Kontrol (K), mencit tidak mendapatkan perlakuan, sedangkan kelompok BCG (B) divaksinasi secara intra peritoneal dengan 0,1cc BCG pada hari ke-1 dan ke-11. Kelompok Nyeri (N), mendapat sensasi nyerimenggunakan Electric Foot Shock mulai hari ke-12 sampai 21 dan kelompok Nyeri + BCG (NB) mendapat kombinasi perlakuan N+B. Pada hari ke-21, semua mencit disuntik 104 Listeria monocytogenes hidup secara intravena. Dilakukan terminasi mencit pada hari ke-26 untuk dilakukan pemeriksaan konsentrasi produksi NO makrofag serta hitung kuman organ hepar. Dilakukan uji beda dengan Oneway ANOVA dan korelasi Pearson’s product moment dengan menggunakan software SPSS 13.0.Hasil: Didapatkan adanya perbedaan yang bermakna pada produksi NO makrofag dan hasil hitung kuman organ hepar antar kelompok perlakuan (p<0,05). Pada kelompok Nyeri (N) didapatkan produksi NO makrofag terendah dan jumlah hitung kuman tertinggi. Pada kelompok Nyeri yang mendapat BCG (NB) didapatkan hasil yang berlawanan dan perbedaannya bermakna dalam variabel yang diteliti dibandingkan dengan kelompok Nyeri yang tidak mendapat BCG (N) (p<0,05).Simpulan: Provokasi nyeri menyebabkan rendahnya konsentrasi NO makrofag dan penggunaan BCG dapat memperbaiki keadaan tersebut.
Pengaruh Pemberian Jus Jambu Biji (Psidium Guajava L) Terhadap Volume Kaki dan Kadar Ion Nitrit Adjuvant Induced Arthritis Tikus Wistar Wiralis Wiralis; Endang Purwaningsih
MEDIA MEDIKA INDONESIANA 2009:MMI VOLUME 43 ISSUE 4 YEAR 2009
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The effect of Psidium Guajava L juice on nitric ion level and swelling of the joint in adjuvant induced arthritis ratsBackgraund: Nitric oxide increases in adjuvant induced arthritis. It has been associated with the activities of nitrite oxide mediates inflammation and axidant, it is a progressive joint disease. Characterized by swelling of the joint associated with an destruction of bone and cartilage. Jambu biji (Psidium Guajava L) is known to be the source of antioxidant and antiinflamation.Aim: To find out the difference volume joint and nitrite ion in adjuvant induced arthritis rats after administration of jambu biji (Psidium Guajava L) juice.Methods: An experimental study had been done using a randomized post test only control group. Twenty five Wistar rats were divided into 5 group. 2 control groups (K- and K+) and 3 treated groups (jambu biji juice 1 g/day, 2 g/day and 3 g/day). Volume joint to assay mercury placement pletismography Griess was used to assay nitrite ion (activity NO) serum. One Way Anova test and mann Withney test were applied for data analysis.Results: A significant difference in volume joint between the treated groups. A significant different nitrite ion was found among the treated groups (p<0.05), but not between the K+ group and 2 g/day in 3 cc treated group.Conclusions: Jambu biji (Psidium Guajava L) juice shows an effect for volume joint and nitrite ion in consentration in adjuvant induced arthritis.Keyword: Adjuvant arthritis, guajava, NOABSTRAK Latar belakang: Pada adjuvant induced arthritis NO meningkat, aktivitas NO dihubungkan dengan inflamasi dan oksidasi serta perkembangan penyakit. Karakteristik AIA berupa pembengkakan sendi, hingga menyebabkan destruksi tulang dan kartilago. Jambu biji (Psidium Guajava L) mengandung fitonutrien sebagai sumber antioksidan dan  antiinflamasi.Tujuan: Mengetahui pengaruh pemberian jus jambu biji terhadap volume kaki dan kadar ion nitrit serum adjuvant induced arthritis tikus wistar.Metode: Studi eksperimen laboratorik menggunakan desain randomized post test only control group pada 25 ekor tikus strain wistar. Sampel terbagi 5 kelompok yaitu kelompok K- (non terapi); kelompok K+ (aspirin); P1 (jus jambu biji 1 gram/hari); P2 (jus jambu biji 2 gram/hari) dan P3 (jus jambu biji 3 gram/hari). Dilakukan pemeriksaan volume kaki dengan mercury placement pletismography dan ion nitrit serum sebagai aktivitas NO dengan metode Griess. One Way Anova test dan Kruskal-Wallis Test denganderajat kemaknaan p<0,05.Hasil: Ada perbedaan kadar volume kaki pada kelompok perlakuan. Ion nitrit pada kelompok perlakuan (p=0,00<0,05), hasil uji LSD diketahui kelompok kontrol (K+) tidak berbeda dengan perlakuan jus jambu biji 2 gram/hari. Ada perbedaan gambaran histopatologik panus pada kelompok perlakuan terhadap kelompok perlakuan aspirin (K+), perlakuan jus jambu biji 1 gram/hari, jus jambu biji 2 gram/hari dan jus jambu biji 3 gram/hari, dibuktikan dengan nilai p=0,011<0,05. Hasil uji Mann-Whitney diketahui tidak ada perbedaan gambaran histopatologik panus terdapat pada kelompok perlakuan terhadap kontrol.Simpulan: Pemberian jus jambu biji berpengaruh terhadap kadar ion nitrit dan gambaran histopatologik panus sendi tikus yang diinduksi dengan CFA. 
Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia Dalam Perspektif Kemandirian Fakultas Kedokteran Swasta: Studi Kasus pada Medical Educational Unit (MEU) Affandi Affandi
MEDIA MEDIKA INDONESIANA 2013:MMI VOLUME 47 ISSUE 1 YEAR 2013
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ABSTRACT The management of human resource in relation to private medical school independency: case study of medical educational unitsBackground: Most of the weaknesses of private medical schools in Indonesia are due to inappropriateness in the management of human resources. Medical Educational Unit (MEU) can be used to evaluate its role in the management of human resource. There is no information about what aspects of management in human resources have been implemented by MEU.Objection: To analyze the implementation of aspects contributed to the management of human resources by MEU.Method: This is a qualitative study to assess the implementation of the management of human resources in MEU. Data collected by in depth interview, observations, and document analysis in 4 (four) private medical schools in West Java. Data analysis was done by using koding, categorization and description.Results: The compensations for human resources in private Medical Schools in West Java is still inappropriate. Based on observations in the perspective of self-directing, self-motivating, self-regulating, self-supporting, self-assessing, and self-decision, this study showed the weaknesses in self-motivating, which can be seen in low level of achievement drive, commitment, inisiative, and optimism. Besides, there was no optimalization in the usefulness of information system technology.Conclusions and Suggestions: The perspective of to be autonomous in private medical schools in the aspects of MEU is still inappropriate. Therefore, the management of human resources in MEU is still to be increased.Keywords: MEU, Fakultas Kedokteran, ManajemenABSTRAKLatar belakang: Lemahnya kemandirian Fakultas Kedokteran (FK) Swasta di Indonesia umumnya berkaitan dengan lemahnya manajemen sumber daya manusia (SDM) dalam menyelenggarakan pendidikan. Salah satu aspek dalam manajemen pendidikan yang dapat dijadikan tolok ukur adalah peran Unit Pendidikan Kedokteran (Medical Education Unit/MEU) yang sudah dimiliki oleh setiap FK di Indonesia. Belum diketahui bagaimana manajemen SDM diimplementasikan oleh MEU.Tujuan: Menganalisis implementasi aspek-aspek yang berkontribusi terhadap manajemen SDM di MEU.Metode: Merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan melakukan wawancara mendalam, observasi, dan analisis dokumen pada MEU di 4 FK Swasta di Jawa barat. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif.Hasil: Aspek kompensasi pada manajemen sumber daya manusia di FK Swasta di Jawa Barat masih kurang dari memadai. Ditinjau dari perspektif kemandirian perguruan tinggi swasta, yaitu dari aspek self-directing, self-motivating, self-regulating, self-supporting, self-assessing, dan self-decision, maka hasil pengamatan yang diperoleh adalah aspek self-motivating masih kurang memadai, hal ini terlihat dari tingkat achievement drive, komitmen, inisiatif dan tingkat optimisme yang dapat dikategorikan belum memuaskan. Penggunaan teknologi sistem informasi untuk mendukung proses pendidikan juga belum dilaksanakan secara optimal.Simpulan dan Saran: Perspektif kemandirian FK swasta dilihat dari aspek MEU masih sangat kurang, hal ini terlihat dari rendahnya tingkat achievement drive, komitmen, inisiatif maupun tingkat optimisme. Oleh karena itu, kemandirian FK swasta
General Reaction Score and CD56+CD16+CD3- Cells Distributions Among Women with Aircraft Noise Stress Hartono Hartono
MEDIA MEDIKA INDONESIANA 2011:MMI Volume 45 Issue 2 Year 2011
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ABSTRACTBackground: One of the noise impacts is stress. The NK cells (CD56+CD16+CD3-) are also one of the leukocyte subsets, which are responsive to the physiological stress and psychological stress. The aims of the research is to find out the correlation of the general reaction score with CD56+CD16+CD3- cells distributions among women with aircraft noise stress in the area of Adi Sumarmo Airport of Solo, Indonesia.Methods: The research design was an analytical survey with a cross sectional approach, taking location at the Dibal and Gagak Sipat Village, Boyolali District. The respondents who fulfilled the exclusive and inclusive criteria were selected by means of simple random sampling. The number of respondens was 39 and divided into 3 groups; Group 1 was exposed 92.29 dB of noise level (13 respondents); Group 2 was exposed 71.79 dB of noise level (13 respondents); and Group 3 was exposed 52.17 dB of noise level (13 respondents). The data were analyzed by Anova followed by post hoc test using LSD test completed with homogenous subsets and Pearson Correlation test.Results: The Pearson Correlation test was showed that there was significant association between general reaction score with CD56+CD16+CD3- cells distributions (r=0.589; p=0.000).Conclusion: There is correlation of the general reaction score with CD56+CD16+CD3- cells distributions among women with aircraft noise stress in the area of Adi Sumarmo Airport of Solo, Indonesia.Keywords: Aircraft noise, CD56+CD16+CD3-, women, Adi Sumarmo AirportABSTRAKGeneral Reaction Score dan CD56+CD16+CD3- pada wanita yang mengalami stres bising pesawat udaraLatar belakang: Salah satu dampak bising adalah stres. Natural killer cells (CD56+CD16+CD3-) adalah salah satu subset leukosit yang sangat respon terhadap stres fisiologis maupun stres psikologis. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan antara general reaction score dengan jumlah sel NK (CD56+CD16+CD3-) pada wanita yang memperoleh stres bising pesawat udara disekitar Bandara Adi Sumarmo Solo, Indonesia.Metode: Rancangan penelitian adalah survai analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Lokasi di Desa Dibal dan Gagak Sipat, Kabupaten Boyolali. Responden yang memenuhi kriteria eksklusif dan inklusif diambil sejumlah 39 sebagai sampel dengan cara simple random sampling. Responden selanjutnya dibagi menjadi 3 kelompok; Kelompok 1 responden yang terpapar bising denganintensitas 92,29 dB (13 responden); Kelompok 2 responden yang terpapar bising dengan intensitas 71.79 dB (13 responden); dan Kelompok 3 responden yang terpapar bising dengan intensitas 52.17 dB (13 responden). Data dianalisis dengan uji Anova dilanjutkan dengan post hoc test menggunakan LSD test completed with homogenous subsets dan Pearson Correlation test.Hasil: Pearson Correlation test menunjukkan adanya hubungan yang signifikan antara general reaction score dengan jumlah sel NK (CD56+CD16+CD3-) (r=0.589: p=0.000).Simpulan: Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ada hubungan antara general reaction score dengan jumlah sel NK(CD56+CD16+CD3-) pada wanita yang mengalami stres bising pesawat udara di sekitar Bandara Adi Sumarmo Solo, Indonesia.
Uji Banding Efektivitas Kalsipotriol Topikal, Suction Blister Grafting dan Kombinasi Keduanya pada Terapi Repigmentasi Lesi Vitiligo Stabil Diana Nurhayati
MEDIA MEDIKA INDONESIANA 2012:MMI VOLUME 46 ISSUE 2 YEAR 2012
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Comparison study the efficacy of topical calcipotriol, suction blister grafting and combination of both therapies for repigmentationc of stable vitiligoBackground: Stable vitiligo is defined as non-progressive vitiligo for more than 6-month. A large variety of therapeutic agents are being tried, but an optimal treatment is not yet available. Topical calcipotriol is one of those agent that hypothetically can stimulate repigmentation of vitiliginous lesions. Suction-blister-grafting (SBG), is one of the surgical therapies for replenishment of melanocytes in stable vitiligo. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of topical calcipotriol, SBG and the combination of both therapies in the treatment of stable vitiligo.Methods: Twenty-one stable vitiligo (focal, segmental, and generalized) patients were selected for study. Patients were divided into three groups. First-groups were advised to apply topical calcipotriol (50ug/mg) twice-daily over the vitiliginous patches. Secondgroups were given with SBG, and third-groups were given with combination of both treatments. The main outcome measurement was the evaluation of the percentage of repigmentation in treated target lesions in 12-weeks.Results: After12-weeks periods, the combination therapies were found more effective than single therapy. The combination therapies-treated areas showed marked intense repigmentation improvement 19.1% compared to 15.1% on the SBG-only side (p<0.05). Calcipotriol was found to induce initiating repigmentation, but was not statistically significant.Conclusion: Combination therapy of SBG and topical calcipotriol is more effective than single therapy for stable vitiligo.Keywords: Stable vitiligo, suction-blister-grafting, calcipotriol, repigmentation.ABSTRAK Pendahuluan: Vitiligo stabil merupakan vitiligo yang tidak berkembang dalam jangka waktu minimal 6 bulan. Berbagai jenis terapi telah banyak dicoba, akan tetapi terapi yang optimal belum tersedia sampai saat ini. Kalsipotriol topikal merupakan salah satu bahan yang diduga mampu menstimulasi repigmentasi pada lesi vitiligo. Suction blister grafting (SBG) merupakan salah satu tindakan bedah yang dapat dipakai untuk mengganti melanosit pada vitiligo stabil. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk membandingkan efektivitas kalsipotriol topikal, SBG dan kombinasi keduanya untuk terapi vitiligo stabil.Metode: Penelitian ini dilakukan pada dua puluh satu pasien vitiligo stabil (fokal, segmental dan generalisata). Pasien dibagi menjadi tiga kelompok. Kelompok pertama diberi kalsipotriol topikal (50ug/mg) dioleskan dua kali/hari, kelompok kedua dilakukan tindakan suction blister grafting, dan kelompok ketiga diberi keduanya. Hasil dinilai berdasarkan persentase repigmentasi pada area yang di terapi pada akhir minggu ke-12.Hasil: Pada akhir minggu ke-12, terapi kombinasi terbukti lebih efektif daripada terapi tunggal. Pada lesi yang diterapi kombinasi tampak adanya perbaikan repigmentasi 19,1% dibandingkan terapi SBG tunggal yang 15,1% (p<0,05). Kalsipotriol juga terbukti dapat memicu terjadinya repigmentasi awal, meskipun repigmentasinya secara statistik tidak signifikan.Simpulan: Kombinasi terapi SBG dan kalsipotriol topikal merupakan terapi yang lebih efektif dibandingkan dengan terapi tunggal pada terapi vitiligo stabil
Konseling Laktasi Intensif dan Pemberian Air Susu Ibu (ASI) Eksklusif Sampai 3 Bulan Ria Ambarwati; Siti Fatimah Muis; Purwanti Susantini
MEDIA MEDIKA INDONESIANA 2012:MMI VOLUME 46 ISSUE 3 YEAR 2012
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Intensive lactation counseling and exclusive breastfeeding up to 3 monthsBackground: In 2010 within the area of Semarang Municipality, exclusive breastfeeding by mothers to their babies reaches up to only 20,06%. One of the problems is the lack of lactation counseling especially by the health service institutions.Objectives: To reveal the effect of intensive lactation counseling on exclusive breastfeeding up to 3 months.Method: This research study is designed as a quasi-experiment of non-equivalent control group. The population of this study is a group of mothers who were in the 7th to 8th months of pregnancy bearing the second child or more. The number of the subjects is 25 mothers who were grouped into 2, that is the experimental groups of 12(n=12) and control group of 13 (n=13). The group underwent a treatment of intensive lactation counseling of 9 times on 2 stages, the first was four-time treatments during the medical examination on their pregnancy of 7th-8th months. The second stage of treatments was done by home visit for 5 times during week 1, 2, 4, 8, and 12 after giving birth by sertified lactation counselors for 40 workhours. These counselors had the experience of at least 5 clients counseling. The control group got the usual counseling that they normally received from the midwives at the Health Primary Center and private midwives nearby.Results: The group without intensive lactation counseling shows no gain of knowledge, attitude towards early initiation of breastfeeding, exclusive breastfeeding, breastmilk and no increase of the number of exclusive breastfeeding on their babies prior to and during the study. The group with intensive lactation breastfeeding shows a significant gain in every aspects being studied and significant increase (five fold) of the number of exclusive breastfeeding on their babies that born prior to and during the study from2(16.7%) to 10(83.3%).Conclusion: Intensive lactation counseling increases the practice of exclusive breastfeeding up to 3 months and should be performed by health care delivery system.Keywords: Intensive lactation counseling, exclusive breastfeeding, 3 months ABSTRAKLatar belakang: Ibu yang memberikan ASI eksklusif di Kota Semarang Tahun 2010 hanya mencapai 20,06%. Salah satu penyebabnya adalah kurangnya konseling laktasi di sarana pelayanan kesehatan.Tujuan: Mengetahui pengaruh konseling laktasi intensif terhadap pemberian ASI eksklusif sampai 3 bulan.Metode: Penelitian dengan rancangan quasi experiment non equivalent control group. Populasi adalah ibu hamil trimester 3 dengan usia kehamilan 7-8 bulan pada anak kedua atau lebih. Jumlah sampel 25 ibu hamil yang dikelompokkan menjadi 2 yaitu kelompok perlakuan (n=12) dan kelompok kontrol (n=13). Kelompok perlakuan mendapat konseling laktasi intensif sebanyak 9 kali yaitu 4 kali pada saat pemeriksaan kehamilan umur 7-8 bulan dan kunjungan rumah sebanyak 5 kali pada minggu ke-1, 2, 4, 8, 12 setelah kelahiran oleh konselor laktasi yang memiliki sertifikat pelatihan konselor laktasi. Kelompok kontrol mendapat konseling pada pemeriksaan kehamilan yang selama ini dilakukan oleh bidan di Puskesmas dan Bidan Praktik Swasta.Hasil: Pada kelompok yang tidak mendapat konseling laktasi intensif tidak ada perubahan skor pengetahuan, sikap terhadap inisiasi menyusu dini, ASI eksklusif, ASI, menyusui dan tidak ada peningkatan jumlah ibu yang memberikan ASI eksklusif sampai 3 bulan pada anak yang dilahirkan sebelum dan selama penelitian. Kelompok yang mendapat konseling laktasi yang intensif menunjukkan ada perubahan skor pada semua anak dan peningkatan jumlah ibu yang memberikan ASI eksklusif sampai 3 bulan pada anak yang dilahirkan selama penelitian menjadi 5 kali lipat.Simpulan: Konseling laktasi intensif dapat meningkatkan jumlah ibu yang melaksanakan ASI eksklusif sampai 3 bulan dan perlu dilaksanakan oleh semua sarana pelayanan persalinan.
Faktor HLA-DRB pada Penderita Tuberkulosis Paru dengan Pengobatan Strategi DOTS Sri Andarini Indreswari; Suharyo Hadisaputro; Marsetyawan HNE Soesatyo; Kusworini Handono
MEDIA MEDIKA INDONESIANA 2011:MMI Volume 45 Issue 1 Year 2011
Publisher : MEDIA MEDIKA INDONESIANA

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ABSTRACTHLA-DRB factor in pulmonal tuberculosis with DOTS strategic treatmentBackground: Tuberculosis remains one of the world’s greatest public health problems, especially in developing countries. In Indonesia the results of DOTS strategic treatment and conversion have not been fruitful results. Many factors play important roles in the success of DOTS strategic treatment, but a little attention was given to the immuno genetics aspects. This study was aimed at theassociation between HLA-DRB factors and clinical output on DOTS strategic treatment (after first 2 months of treatment):conversion of sputum smear positive.Method: A nested case control study was carried out. The exposure variables were alleles of HLA-DRB (result of PCR examination), while the independent variables were sputum smear positive and negative (result of laboratories examination with Ziehl Neelsen staining, Niacin test). Body mass index (BMI) and sex were confounding variables. Odds ratio (OR) was calculated using bivariate and logistic regression for multivariate analysis.Result: A total sample of 73 new patients with active tuberculosis (sputum smear positive) in developing treatment with DOTS strategic treatment, consist of 34 cases and 39 controls. The odds ratio (OR) of HLA-DRB1*1502 and HLA-DRB5*01 were 3.2 (95%CI: 1.103-9.287). The OR of HLA-DRB1*1201 was 0.305 (95% CI: 0.117-0.798), OR of HLA-DRB3*01 was 0.214 (95% CI: 0.077- 0.592). The PAR (population attributable rate) of HLA-DRB1*1502 and HLA-DRB%*01 were 42.64%. While confounding variables were analyzed, only allele HLA-DRB1*1502 was significant, OR 4.9 (95% CI: 1.234-15.617), the probability was 70.57%.Conclusion: HLA-DRB1*1502 is an allele is a risk factor for the conversion of sputum smear positive after 2 months of treatment.Keywords: Tuberculosis, human leukocyte antigen (HLA)ABSTRAKLatar belakang: Di Indonesia hasil pengobatan  tuberkulosis paru belum optimal. Penyebab kekurangberhasilan pengobatan ini belum diketahui, khususnya yang berkaitan dengan faktor imunogenetika. Penelitian bertujuan menjelaskan hubungan faktor HLADRBdengan kesembuhan klinis, dalam hal ini terjadinya konversi BTA pasca 2 bulan pengobatan dengan strategi DOTS.Metoda: Rancangan penelitian adalah nested case control, pada penderita baru tuberkulosis paru dengan pemeriksaan sputum BTA positif yang mendapat pengobatan strategi DOTS selama 2 bulan. Jenis alel (HLA-DRB) yang ditemukan dengan pemeriksaan PCR dinyatakan sebagai variabel paparan, variabel efek adalah hasil pemeriksaan sputum (BTA) dengan pengecatan Ziehl Neelsen yangditeruskan dengan tes Niacin pasca 2 bulan pengobatan. Sebagai variabel perancu ditetapkan BMI dan jenis kelamin. Analisis dilakukan dengan menghitung rasio odds dengan chi-square dan regresi logistik.Hasil: Jumlah sampel 73, diperoleh dari 158 penderita baru berobat jalan yang diikuti selama 2 bulan, terdiri dari 34 kasus (BTA tetap positif pasca 2 bulan pengobatan) dan 39 kontrol (BTA menjadi negatif). Penelitian dilakukan di BP4, 12 puskesmas dan RSUD di Kota Semarang. Hasil penelitian adalah besar risiko (OR) HLA-DRB1*1502 dan HLA-DRB5*01 untuk tidak terjadinya konversi BTA 3,2 (95% CI: 1,103-9,287). Alel HLA-DRB1*1201 dan alel HLA-DRB3*01 merupakan alel yang bersifat protektifdengan OR 0,305 (95% CI: 0,117-0,798), sedangkan HLADRB3*01 dengan OR 0,214 (95% CI: 0,077-0,592). PAR untuk alel HLADRB1* 1502 dan HLA-DRB5*01 sebesar 42,64%. Apabila variabel perancu dimasukkan dalam analisis, maka hanya alel HLA-DRB1*1502 yang secara signifikan merupakan faktor risiko untuk tidak terjadinya konversi BTA pasca 2 bulan awal pengobatan dengan strategi DOTS. OR 4,9 (95% CI:1,234-15,617). Probabilitas untuk HLA-DRB1*1502 adalah sebesar 70,57%.Simpulan: Alel HLA-DRB1*1502 merupakan faktor risikountuk tidak terjadinya konversi BTA pasca 2 bulanpengobatan, dengan probabilitas cukup besar.
Intensitas Latihan Interval dan Aktivitas Antioksidan Endogen Muchsin Doewes; Kiyatno Kiyatno
MEDIA MEDIKA INDONESIANA 2010:MMI VOLUME 44 ISSUE 3 YEAR 2010
Publisher : MEDIA MEDIKA INDONESIANA

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Interval training intensity and endogen antioxidant activityBackground: Physical training increases free radical generation which is balanced by endogenous antioxidant generation e.g. SOD (superoxide dismutase) and GPx (glutathione peroxidase). This later is influenced by intensity, duration, muscle type and age. The aims of this study is to compare the three kinds of interval training intensity in enhancing SOD and GPx activity.Method: An experimental quantitative study with the posttest only control group design was used in this study. Thirty six students of JPOK-FKIP Sebelas Maret University were randomly selected to become the experimental subjects and divided into four groups (1) intensive repetition runing 10x50 m, (2) extensive repetition runing 3x400 m, (3) continuous aerobic training past running 30 minutes, and (4) controlled group. The interval training were treated 3x per week for 8 weeks. At the 8th week SOD and GPx activity were determined by using enzymatic method with Cobas Mira instrument. The t-test with SPSS 13.0 for window program was use for analyzing all collected data with 95% CI.Result: There were significance difference the SOD and GPx activity between extensive repetition group with controlled group (p<0.05).Conclusion: The extensive repetition intensity is the significance for enhancing the enzymatic activity of SOD and GPx to compare with control group, and have the higher level than intensive repetition and continuous aerobic training.ABSTRAKLatar belakang: Latihan fisik meningkatkan pembentukan radikal bebas yang diimbangi peningkatan pembentukan antioksidan endogen seperti SOD (superoxide dismutase) dan GPx (glutathione peroxidase). Pembentukan antioksidan SOD dan GPx dipengaruhi oleh intensitas latihan, durasi, jenis otot yang dilatih dan umur. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk membandingkan tiga kelompok intensitas latihan interval yang meningkatkan aktivitas enzim SOD dan GPx.Metode: Jenis penelitian kuantitatif–eksperimental menggunakan rancangan penelitian the posttest only control group design. Subyek penelitian diambil secara acak sederhana (n=36), dibagi menjadi 4 kelompok (1). K1: intensive repetition lari 10x50 m, (2). K2: extensive repetition lari 3x400 m, (3). K3: continuous aerobic training lari cepat 30 menit; (4). K4: kelompok kontrol. Latihan interval dilakukan 3 kali/minggu dilakukan berkesinambungan selama 8 minggu berturut-turut. Pada minggu ke delapan diambil 5 mL darah untuk diperiksa aktivitas SOD dan GPx menggunakan metode enzimatik dengan alat Cobas Mira. Analisis data dengan uji t menggunakan program komputer SPSS 13.0 for Window dengan tingkat kepercayaan 95%.Hasil: Terjadi perbedaan bermakna kadar SOD dan GPx pada extensive repetition dengan kelompok kontrol (p<0,05).Simpulan: Aktivitas enzim SOD dan GPx paling tinggi pada latihan interval extensive repetition dibanding intensive repetition dan continuous aerobic training, dan berbeda bermakna dengan kelompok kontrol.

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