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International Journal of Science and Engineering (IJSE)

ijse
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Published by Universitas Diponegoro

ISSN : - EISSN : - DOI : -

Core Subject : Engineering,

Engineering

The scope of journal covers all area in the application on chemical, physical, mathematical, biological, agricultural, corrossion, and computer science to solve the engineering problems.

Arjuna Subject : -

Articles 225 Documents

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Broad inhibition of transmission frequency in multilayered dielectric one dimensional photonic crystal nanostructure VINOD CHACKO; Sonia Bansal; Aurangzeb khurram Hafiz
International Journal of Science and Engineering Vol 13, No 1 (2019)
Publisher : Chemical Engineering Diponegoro University

We report the omnidirectional reflection (ODR) in one dimensional photonic crystal (PC) structure consisting of alternate layers of Cryolite (Na3AlF6) as material of low refractive index and Germanium (Ge) as material of high refractive index. The effects of the thickness of layers and incidence angles on the spectral reflectance have been investigated using transfer matrix method (TMM). The proposed structure gives broad inhibition of transmission frequencies within a wide range of wavelengths in the visible-near IR region (600 nm- 850 nm) which can be tuned according to the design parameters. We observe that cryolite based photonic crystal structure can be used as a good candidate for wavelength filter or broad reflector in the near infrared spectrum which is very useful in many imaging sensors in the field of optical technology

The Distribution of Capture Fisheries Based Small Pelagic - Mackerel Fish Species In Balikpapan Waters, East Kalimantan Said Abdusysyahid; Sutrisno Anggoro; Azis Nur Bambang
International Journal of Science and Engineering Vol 6, No 2 (2014)
Publisher : Chemical Engineering Diponegoro University

In the utilization of common property resource, long term balance in aquaculture is difficult to maintain as people trying to maximize their profit leading to considerable extensification. The objective of this research was to analyze the number of stock, production, and effort of Mackerel fish (Scomberomorus commersonii) resource based on bio-economic approach. Primary data was collected based on purposive sampling method where the respondents in this research were Small Pelagic fishers which determined deliberately due to specific consideration. Secondary data used in this research was obtained from several sources. Data production and effort (input or effort) was arranged in a time sequence according to the type of fishing gears and their targets of fishery resource being studied and then determined the value of CPUE (catch per unit effort). Mathematically, the input gear to be standardized is calculated from fishing power index multiplies with input (effort) of standardized gear. The result shows that the renewable capacity begins to decrease leading to a condition of biologically over fishing. Aside from that, the Mackerel fish resource in this area also experiences economically over fishing condition which indicated by higher economic calculation value and lower capture yield.

Essential Oil Extraction of Fennel Seed (Foeniculum vulgare) Using Steam Distillation Astrilia Damayanti; Eko Setyawan
International Journal of Science and Engineering Vol 3, No 2 (2012)
Publisher : Chemical Engineering Diponegoro University

Indonesia is a potential country in developing essential oils which is each part of the plants produce essential oils such as leaf, seed, fruit, and root. One of the potential plants is fennel. Fennel oil distillation used fennel seed from Cepogo District, Boyolali Regency. The characteristics of the seed are; the color is black and the length is 0,2 centimeters. The condition operation to exctract of the fennel seed are 1 atm and 7,5 hours. The calculation of the time started when the first fennel oil dropped into the decanter. It finished when the fennel oil was not dropped anymore. The color is bright and muddy. The last process is add 1% (m/m) Na2SO4 anhidrous into fennel oil to absorp remain water in it. The distillation process produce fennel oil102,125 grams. Sample of fennel oil tested which are density test, solubility on 90% alcohol, GC-MS test, and AAS test. The result shows that fennel oil from the fennel seed is 2,0425%. The tested samples contain the brightest and the muddies sample. The density of 0,9500 and 0,949 g/cc respectively that is not fulfill to the Food Chemical Codex (FCC). Samples solubility in 90% alcohol (1:3) is fulfill to the the Food Chemical Codex (FCC). Three main components of the brightest sample are anethole (47,51%), estragole (22,41%), and α-fensone (21,92%) while the muddiest sample’s components are anethole (52,38%), estragole (21,37%),and α-fensone (15,74%). The AAS test shows that fennel oil contains 65,1473 ppm which does not fulfill the Indonesian National Standards of patchouli and clove leaf oil. [Keywords— essential oil; extraction; fennel seed; steam distillation

Drying of Rosella (Hibiscus sabdariffa) Flower Petals using Solar Dryer with Double Glass Cover Collector Tjukup Marnoto
International Journal of Science and Engineering Vol 7, No 2 (2014)
Publisher : Chemical Engineering Diponegoro University

Chemical ingredients in rosella petals are very beneficial for health. Rosella petals needed to be drained for storage and packing purpose. The traditional drying takes 5 days and less healthy. Solar dryer technology can speed up the drying process and protect materials from dust contamination. Solar dryer with double glass covered collector has been designed and made for drying of agricultural products such as rosella flowers. Rosella petals as much as 2300 grams with initial moisture content of 90.84 % be dried with this dryer until the moisture content of 7.67 % takes only 2 days, although the weather was less sunny . The temperature in the drying chamber was not more than 50° C, so it was good for drying groceries, not damaging chemical ingredients. The relative humidity in the space dryeris was about 40 % and it was still relative low. Drying rate and drying performance was expressed by the efficiency and Specific Moisture Evaporation Rate ( SMER ) were influenced by water content of the dried material and weather. Daily efficiency at the first and the second day: 14.931 % and 5.78%, while the daily SMER on the first and the second day: 0.222 and 0.0256 ( kg / kWh ).

Effect of H3PO4 Concentration and Particle Size of the Eggshell Used in Laying Hens Fed on Bone and Blood S. Kismiati; T. Yuwanto; Z. Zuprizal; S. Supadmo
International Journal of Science and Engineering Vol 5, No 1 (2013)
Publisher : Chemical Engineering Diponegoro University

The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of H3 PO4 concentrations and particle size of eggshell used in the feed of laying hens on bone and blood profiles. Ninety-six laying hens (Isa Brown strain) age 25 weeks were kept in individual battery cage and divided into 8 groups randomly. Group 1 was fed using eggshell with out H3PO4 and particle size of <1 mm (feed 1 ), group 2 was fed using eggshell that has been soaked in H3PO4 3% and particle size of <1 mm (feed 2), group 3 were fed using eggshell that has been soaked in H3PO4 4% and particle size of <1 mm (feed 3), group 4 was fed using eggshell that has been soaked in H3PO4 5% and particle size of <1 mm (feed 4), group 5 was fed using eggshell that has been soaked in H3PO4 and particle size of <3 mm (feed 5 ), group of 6 was fed using eggshell that has been soaked in H3PO4 3% and particle size of <3 mm (feed 6), group 7 was fed using eggshell that has been soaked in H3PO4 4 % and particle size of <3 mm (feed 7) and a group of 8 was fed using eggshell that has been soaked in H3PO4 5% and particle size of <3 mm (feed 8). A Completely Randomized Design patterns factorial 4 x 2 x 3 was used in this research. Result of this research showed that had no interaction effect (P>0.05) between the H3PO4 concentration and particle size of eggshell on weight, volume, diameter of tibia bone and calcium and phosphorus content of the blood. The concentration of H3PO4 or particles size also had no effect (P>0.05) on all variables. Doi: 10.12777/ijse.5.1.12-14 [How to cite this article: Kismiati, S., Yuwanta, T., Zuprizal, and Supadmo. (2013). Effect of H3PO4 Concentration and Particle Size of the Eggshell Used in Laying Hens Fed on Bone and Blood. International Journal of Science and Engineering, 5(1),6-11. Doi: 10.12777/ijse.5.1.12-14]

Preparation of Natural Zeolite for Air Dehumidification in Food Drying Mohamad Djaeni; Laeli Laeli Kurniasari; Setia Budi Sasongko
International Journal of Science and Engineering Vol 8, No 2 (2015)
Publisher : Chemical Engineering Diponegoro University

Drying with air dehumidification with solid adsorbent improves the quality of food product as well as energy efficiency. The natural zeolite is one of adsorbent having potential to adsorb the water. Normally, the material was activated to open the pore, remove the organic impurities, and increase Si/Al rate. Hence, it can enhance the adsorbing capacity. This research studied the activation of natural zeolite mined from Klaten, Indonesia as air dehumidification for food drying. Two different methods were used involving activation by heat and NaOH introduction. As indicators, the porosity and water loaded were evaluated. Results showed both methods improved the adsorbing capacity significantly. With NaOH, the adsorbing capacity was higher. The simple test in onion and corn drying showed the presence of activated natural zeolite can speed up water evaporation positively. This performance was also comparable with Zeolite 3A

UTILIZATION OF AGARWOOD DISTILLATION WASTE IN OILWELL CEMENT AND ITS EFFECT ON FREE WATER AND POROSITY Arina Sauki; Muhammad Hazman Md. Shahid; Ku Halim Ku Hamid; Azlinda Azizi; Siti Khatijah Jamaludin; Tengku Amran Tengku Mohd; Nur Hashimah Alias
International Journal of Science and Engineering Vol 5, No 2 (2013)
Publisher : Chemical Engineering Diponegoro University

The intent of this research is to utilize the waste produced by distillation process of Agarwood oil and convert it into a profitable oilwell cement additive. Common problem during oilwell cementing is free wáter separation. This problem could weaken cement at the top, gas migration problem and non uniform density of cement slurry that are even worst in cementing deviated well. Another concern on cementing design is the porosity of the hardened cement. If the cement is too porous, it can lead to gas migration and casing corrosion. All tests were conducted according to API Specification-10B. Free water test was determined at different concentrations of Agarwood Waste Additive (AWA), different inclination angles and different temperatures. Based on the findings, it was observed that zero free water was produced when 2% BWOC of AWA was used at all angles. The findings also revealed that AWA can maintain good thermal stability as it could maintain zero free water at increased temperature up to 60˚C. The porosity of AWA cement was comparable with standard API neat cement as the porosity did not differ much at 2% BWOC of AWA. Therefore, it can be concluded that the AWA is suitable to be used as an additive in oil well cement (OWC) with 2% BWOC is taken as the optimum concentration.

TECHNO ECONOMY ANALYSIS A SMALL SCALE REVERSE OSMOSIS SYSTEM FOR BRACKISH WATER DESALINATION I Nyoman Widiasa; Linda Aliffia Yoshi
International Journal of Science and Engineering Vol 10, No 2 (2016)
Publisher : Chemical Engineering Diponegoro University

This study aims to get the design process and the economics of small-scale desalination of brackish water in Indonesia which has interest in the range of 12-14%, electricity cost of $0.09-0.13/kWh, and groundwater tax regulation. The use of BWRO desalination system in Indonesia has been generally done at small scale. This study based on Bali island with electricity cost at $0.1/kWh and water tax at $0.37/m3. Techo economy evaluation was analysed for plant capacity of 150-1,00 m3/day, recovery of 40% with brackish water water salinity of 5,000 ppm. Price of desalted water during first year a case study is $1.31/m3. It can be concluded that economic evaluation based on NPV and IRR shows that it is worthed.

Study on Treatment of Slaughterhouse Wastewater by Electro-coagulation Technique B. Budiyono; I Nyoman Widiasa; Seno Johari
International Journal of Science and Engineering Vol 1, No 1 (2010)
Publisher : Chemical Engineering Diponegoro University

Electro-coagulation (EC) is well known as a technique for removing suspended solids as well as oils and greases from wastewater. The aims of this research are to study the performance of the EC technique to treat a high strength wastewater from slaughterhouse in batchwise mode. The effect of various process variables such as number and electrode material, initial pH, suspended solid (SS) content, and operating time was investigated The electrolytic cell (electro-coagulator) used was a 600 ml cylinder glass reactor with working volume 400 ml and equipped by magnetic stirrer without temperature control. Cast iron (Fe) and aluminum (Al) cylinder were used as anode/cathode pair. The number of electrode was varied 1 and 2 pairs. The effective area of the electrode pair was 6.28 cm2. The DC power supply was controlled by a voltmeter and be adjusted constant at 125 A/m2 for each test runs. The initial SS concentration were varied from 1250, 2100, 3000, and 4000 mg/L by diluting wastewater. It is found that effluent temperature depends on SS and increases up to 98 °C when SS content was 4000 mg/L. One and two pairs of Fe-Al electrode will give SS removal efficiency are 97.2 and 99.6 %, respectively. However, the higher electrode number will need the shorter time to get certain removal efficiency of SS. Number of electrodes didn’t give the significant impact to the final pHs. With initial pH 7.05 both two pair of electrode will give the final pH relatively constant to 7.80. Further work will be conducted to optimize the CD and charge loading to avoid the excessive temperature increase

Snap-Through Buckling Problem of Spherical Shell Structure Sumirin Sumirin; Nuroji Nuroji; Sahari Besari
International Journal of Science and Engineering Vol 8, No 1 (2015)
Publisher : Chemical Engineering Diponegoro University

This paper presents results of a numerical study on the nonlinear behavior of shells undergoing snap-through instability. This research investigates the problem of snap-through buckling of spherical shells applying nonlinear finite element analysis utilizing ANSYS Program. The shell structure was modeled by axisymmetric thin shell of finite elements. Shells undergoing snap-through buckling meet with significant geometric change of their physical configuration, i.e. enduring large deflections during their deformation process. Therefore snap-through buckling of shells basically is a nonlinear problem. Nonlinear numerical operations need to be applied in their analysis. The problem was solved by a scheme of incremental iterative procedures applying Newton-Raphson method in combination with the known line search as well as the arc- length methods. The effects of thickness and depth variation of the shell is taken care of by considering their geometrical parameter l. The results of this study reveal that spherical shell structures subjected to pressure loading experience snap-through instability for values of l≥2.15. A form of ‘turn-back’ of the load-displacement curve took place at load levels prior to the achievement of the critical point. This phenomenon was observed for values of l=5.0 to l=7.0.

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