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Characterization of activated carbon produced from urban organic waste Abdul Gani Haji; Gustan Pari; Muhammad Nazar; H Habibati
International Journal of Science and Engineering Vol 5, No 2 (2013)
Publisher : Chemical Engineering Diponegoro University

The difficulties to decompose organic waste can be handled naturally by pyrolisis so it can decomposes quickly that produces charcoal as the product. This study aims to investigate the characteristics of activated carbon from urban organic waste. Charcoal results of pyrolysis of organic waste activated with KOH 1.0 M at a temperature of 700 and 800oC for 60 to 120 minutes. Characteristics of activated carbon were identified by Furrier Transform Infra Red (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). However, their quality is determined yield, moisture content, ash, fly substances, fixed carbon, and the power of adsorption of iodine and benzene. The identified functional groups on activated carbon, such as OH (3448,5-3436,9 cm-1), and C=O (1639,4 cm-1). In general, the degree and distance between the layers of active carbon crystallites produced activation in all treatments showed no significant difference. The pattern of activated carbon surface topography structure shows that the greater the pore formation in accordance with the temperature increase the more activation time needed. The yield of activated carbon obtained ranged from 72.04 to 82.75%. The results of characterization properties of activated carbon was obtained from 1.11 to 5.41% water, 13.68 to 17.27% substance fly, 20.36 to 26.59% ash, and 56.14 to 62.31% of fixed carbon . Absorption of activated carbon was good enough at 800oC and 120 minutes of activation time, that was equal to 409.52 mg/g of iodine and 14.03% of benzene. Activated carbon produced has less good quality, because only the water content and flying substances that meet the standards.Doi: 10.12777/ijse.5.2.89-94 [How to cite this article: Haji, A.G., Pari, G., Nazar, M., and Habibati. (2013). Characterization of activated carbon produced from urban organic waste . International Journal of Science and Engineering, 5(2),89-94. Doi: 10.12777/ijse.5.2.89-94]

The Role of Calcium and Glucose on the Increasing of Parasitemia Value and Hemolysis into Plasmodium falciparum-infected Erythrocyte Verry Asfirizal
International Journal of Science and Engineering Vol 10, No 2 (2016)
Publisher : Chemical Engineering Diponegoro University

Erythrocyte infected by Plasmodium experiences various changes of shape and function. The permeability increases upon various dissolved material including amino acid, glucose, vitamin, nucleotide, purine, anion/cation and organic/inorganic and also others simple dissolved materials such as sorbitol, choline and chloride-ion. The increasing of permeability is very needed by Plasmodium to provide nutrients for internal growth. The objectives of this research were to determine the increasing of parasitemia value and hemolysis on erythrocyte infected by Plasmodium falciparum. The medium culture used for growing Plasmodium falciparum was RPMI 1640 that produced parasitemia 15%, inoculation was conducted to produce sub-culture that produced parasitemia 20% and divided into calcium, glucose and control (CM 10%) treatment with 3 times replications. Observation was conducted from the first day to sixth day after treatment. Parasitemia and hemolysis parameters as growth indicators were observed. Difference among treatments groups were analyzed using ANOVA and followed by Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT α=0.05). The result showed that the application of calcium + glucose produced the highest number of parasitemia (11.87±4.71) (means ±SD) and hemolysis (0.278+0.012) compared with others applications i.e. calcium, glucose and control medium culture (10% CM). This application produced significant difference (p<0.05). It was concluded that calcium and glucose had important to increase parasitemia and hemolysis of Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocyte

Clonal Propagation of Two Clones Eucalyptus Pellita F. Muell By Mini-Cutting Ellok Dwi Sulichantini; Maman Sutisna; Sukartiningsih Sukartiningsih; Rusdiansyah Rusdiansyah
International Journal of Science and Engineering Vol 6, No 2 (2014)
Publisher : Chemical Engineering Diponegoro University

Eucalypt is known as the fastest growing tree species in the world. Some advantages such as fast growing, hight yielding, short rotation, less desease, lots of purposes and good economic benefit have made Eucalypt as the most important forest tree product for industrial raw material in Indonesia. However, those advantages of Eucalypt including fast growing, high yielding, short rotation and less desease can only be achieved through selecting a good clone. Cutting propagation is considered as one of the main methode to produce good seedling. Sprouts of two clones of Eucalyptus pellita F. Muell (E. 13 and E. 77) were collected from mini hedge. Total of 1080 of each clone was planted in greenhouse. The result showned that Clone E. 77 was better than E. 13 in term of growth of rooting, the increment of height, stem diameter and number of leaves at 60 and 75 days after planting

The effect of geometric structure on stiffness and damping factor of wood applicable to machine tool structure Susilo Adi Widyanto; Achmad Widodo; Sri Nugroho; David Siahaan
International Journal of Science and Engineering Vol 4, No 2 (2013)
Publisher : Chemical Engineering Diponegoro University

Stiffness and vibration damping capability are important criteria in design of machine tool structure. In other sides, the weight of machine tool structure must be reduced to increase the handling capability. This paper presents an analysis of the effect of geometric structure on stiffness and vibration damping of wood structure. The stiffness was analysed using numerical method, so called finite element method (FEM), while the vibration damping capability was experimentally tested. Vibration testing was also performed to wood structures with sand powder filled into its rectangular hole to observe the its effect on damping factor. Simulation results show that the cross ribs structure yielded minimum mass reduction ratio compared to the three square holes as well as the single rectangular hole structures. While the vibration test results explained that the damping factor of Shorea laevis wood was higher than that Hevea braziiensis wood. The use of sand powder as vibrating mass in closed-box structure effectively increased the damping capability, for single rectangular hole structure the damping factor was increased from 0.048 to 0.079doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.12777/ijse.4.2.2013.57-60[How to cite the article: Widyanto, S. A., Widodo, A., Nugroho, S., & Siahaan, D. (2013). The effect of geometric structure on stiffness and damping factor of wood applicable to machine tool structure. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING, 4(2), 57-60. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.12777/ijse.4.2.2013.57-60]

INVESTIGATION ON THE EFFECT OF SHAPES ON THE DRYING KINETICS AND SENSORY EVALUATION STUDY OF DRIED JACKFRUIT Pek Li Gan; Phaik Eong Poh
International Journal of Science and Engineering Vol 7, No 2 (2014)
Publisher : Chemical Engineering Diponegoro University

Jackfruits are seasonal and highly nutritional fruits indigenous to the Southwestern rainforests of India. However much of the produce are spoilt annually due to poor preservation techniques. Minimal studies have been conducted on the drying kinetics of jackfruit and the effect of shapes on the drying kinetics. In this research, drying curves of three different shaped jackfruit slices were obtained using a convective oven at 40oC, 50oC, 60oC and 70oC. Modified Midilli-Kucuk Model was found to be the best kinetic model for drying of jackfruits. At all temperatures, effective moisture diffusivity values and activation energy varied from 2.66 x 10-10 - 4.85 x 10-10 m2/s and 16.08 - 20.07 kJ/mol respectively. Drying was found to be most efficient at 50oC using the square shaped slices with a R2, RMSE and SSE value of 0.9984, 0.01127 and 0.002668 respectively. Sensory evaluation of untreated and additive-added dried jackfruit slices was conducted by 40 untrained sensory panelists. Jackfruit with ascorbic acid and sugar coating had highest aesthetics value due to better retention of colour by ascorbic acid. However sugar coated jackfruit had the most favorable taste and smell. Further optimization must be done to satisfy consumers collectively to enable a highly marketable product.

Effect of Concentration of Catalyst (BF3-Diethyl Etherate) on Synthesis of Polyester From Palm Fatty Acid Distillate (PFAD) Renita Manurung; Ahmad Rozi Tanjung; Ida Ayuningrum
International Journal of Science and Engineering Vol 5, No 2 (2013)
Publisher : Chemical Engineering Diponegoro University

Palm Fatty Acid Distillate (PFAD) can be used as raw material for synthesis polyester. The aim of this research is to synthesis of polyester and to determine the effect of concentration of catalyst on polymerization methyl ester PFAD. The esterification stage was done at temperature 70oC, reaction time 120 minute, reactant ratio 1:8 (PFAD: methanol), concentration of catalyst (H2SO4) 1% (w/w) PFAD; polymerization stage was done at temperature 126-132°C, polymerization reaction time 4 hours; variation of concentration of catalyst (BF3-diethyl etherate) 0%, 6.9%, 9.2%, 11.5% (w/w) methyl ester; and polyesterification stage was done at temperature 175-200 oC, reactant ratios (w/w) 1:1 (polymerized ME : ethylene glycol), reaction time 4 hours and all of stage was stirred at 150 rpm. The results showed, in the esterification stage was obtained methyl ester with iodine value 77.29 g I2/100 g, viscosity 6.90 cP, density 859.91 kg/m3 and analysis by using GC-MS showed that the purity of methyl ester was 82.23% and molecular weight 267.97 g/mol. Decreasing in iodine value from 77.29 I2 g/100 g to 74.97-59.99 g I2/100 g indicated that the polymerization process had taken place. In polyesterification stage was obtained light brown colored liquid for concentration of catalyst 0%; viscous, light brown colored liquid for concentration of catalyst 6.9%; and gel polyester, viscous, dark brown colored solid at room temperature for concentration of catalyst 9.2% and 11.5% with acid value from 8.19 to 26.14 mg KOH/g, viscosity from 0.07 to 15.2 P, and molecular weight 288.81 to 1522.07 g/mol which is more suitable for applications of modified polyester. Analysis by using GC showed that the purity of polyester is equal to 65.49%. Keywords— polyester, palm fatty acid distillate, polymerizationconcentration of catalyst,biodegradable polymer

THE ANALYSIS, IDENTIFICATION, AND FORMULATION OF METALLOTHIONEIN EXTRACT AVAILABLE IN ROOTS, STEMS, LEAVES , FLOWERS , AND GRAINS OF RICE, CORNS, BEANS , AND SOYBEANS Budi Santosa; Henna Rya Sunoko; Andri S
International Journal of Science and Engineering Vol 10, No 1 (2016)
Publisher : Chemical Engineering Diponegoro University

Abstract –Vegetable materials are easily found around us but are frequently considered useless. The Metallothionein content in vegetable materials such in roots, stems, leaves, flowers, and fruit of rice, corns, beans, and soybeans has not been investigated before. Metallothionein protein has the role to bind heavy metals and serves as means of detoxification of heavy metals. This studi investigated to analyze, identify, and formulate metallothionein extracts from vegetable materials such as in roots, stems, leaves, flowers, and fruit of rice, corns, beans, and soybeans. The Experimental, each vegetable material available in roots, stems, leaves, flowers and fruit of rice, corns, beans, and soybeans was made into simplisia (crude medication) and then was processed into infuse. ELISA method was conducted as the measurement techniques upon protein level of each vegetable material infuse. The levels of Metallothionein protein available in vegetable materials were identified to determine the highest. The extract formula was taken from the highest levels of metallothionein. The result showed that the average metallothionein protein level from the entire vegetable materials was 0.62 ng: the highest in rice leaves of 1.4 ng and the lowest in bean flowers of 0.2 ng. The rice leaves were further formulated into metallothionein Extract. The analysis of metallothionein levels of vegetable materials such as in roots, stems, leaves, flowers, and fruit of rice, corns, beans and soybeans found that the highest level was in rice leaves of 1.354539 ng, and the lowest was in bean flowers of 0.22478. Key Words - Vegetable, metallothionein..

Organic Fertilizer Production From Cattle Waste Vermicomposting Assisted By Lumbricus Rubellus Siswo Sumardiono; R.P. Djoko Murwono
International Journal of Science and Engineering Vol 2, No 1 (2011)
Publisher : Chemical Engineering Diponegoro University

Composting is decomposition of compound in organic waste by specific treatment using microorganism aerobically. Natural composting for producing organic fertilizer from manure and market waste utilize long time processing and less equal to the market demand. Vermicomposting is a technique to produce high quality compos fertilizer from biodegradable garbage and mixture of red worm (Lumbricus Rubellus). In conventional compos production took 8 weeks of processing time, in vermicomposting only took half processing time of conventional technique. It is occurred by red worm additional ease cellulose degradation contain in manure which is could not decomposed with composting bacteria. The purposes of this research are to investigate the effect of manure comparison to red worm growth and to evaluate the effect of comparison between manure and market waste to red worm growth. This research was conducted by vary the weight of red worm (100 gr, 200 gr, 300 gr, 400 gr, 500 gr) and market waste addition (50 gr, 100 gr, 150 gr, 200 gr, 300 gr). Moreover, 3 kg of manure was mixed by various weight of red worm, while variation of market waste addition was involved 500 gr red worm and 3 kg manure mixture. Optimum increasing weight of red worm that was obtained by 100 gr red worm addition is 160 gr within 2 weeks. In added market waste variation, the highest increasing of red worm was resulted by 50 gr market waste addition, with 60 gr increasing weight of red worm. Production of casting fertilizer was highly effected by composition of used materials such as medium, manure and red worm comparison as well as market waste additional

INFORMAL AND FORMAL SECTORS PARTNERSHIP IN URBAN WASTE MANAGEMENT (Case Study: Non-Organic Waste Management in Semarang) Djoko Indrosaptono; Imam Buchori; Joesron Alie Syahbana
International Journal of Science and Engineering ARTICLE IN PRESS
Publisher : Chemical Engineering Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12777/ijse.0.0.

The urban waste management is still crucial issues in most regions in Indonesia. Urban waste is considered as a cultural issue because of its impact on various life factors , especially in big cities such as Jakarta, Semarang, Surabaya, Bandung, Palembang and Medan. Currently, the average productivity of the urban waste is 0.5 kg / capita / day. If this is multiplied by number of people in some cities in Java and Bali, the total waste will reach about 100,000 tons / day. This number will still increase by increasing population growth. Therefore, the urban waste management is very important for cities in Indonesia, alhough currently not many cities applied the urban waste management system. Urban waste management in Indonesia is not merely caused by formal sector, but it is also supported by informal sector in reducing daily production waste up to 30%. The informal sector management is mainly conducted by sorting the waste to recycleable or not. The recycleable waste is then sold back to the mills to be converted to other valuable products. This reserach was aimed to evaluate the partnership between formal and informal sector in reduction of waste production in Semarang city through urban waste management system. The research about informal sector was conducted by communal interaction and qualitative analysis focusing at Semarang City especially at Old Town area. The research has provided substantive knowledge of informal sector partnerships and formal sector in urban waste management with case inorganic waste management in the city of Semarang through 3R (recycle, reuse and reduce) knwoledge management. Basic knowledge of the structure / surface is characterized by empirical knowledge which was easily caught by the direct perspective of human. Middle knowledge could be adjusted to different loci

The Effects of Amofer Palm Oil Waste-based Complete Feed to Blood Profiles and Liver Function on Local Sheep Hamdi Mayulu; S Sunarso; C. Imam Sutrisno; S Sumarsono
International Journal of Science and Engineering Vol 3, No 1 (2012)
Publisher : Chemical Engineering Diponegoro University

Amoniation-Fermentation (amofer) technology should be conducted in order to improve the low quality of by product produced from palm oil plantations and mills (palm oil waste) which is used for constituent of feed ingredients in complete feed (CF). This technology also reforms the feed material into edible form. Before broadly applicable, it must be ensured that the feed does not have toxic effects on livestock. This research was peformed to evaluate the effects of amofer palm oil waste-based CF to blood profile and liver function on local sheep. Completely Randomly Design (CRD) was used with 4 treaments and 4 replications. The observed variables were the levels of hemoglobin, hematocrit, blood glucose, ALT and AST was analyzed by ANOVA. The average value of blood glucose levels at T1= 80.68 mg/dl, T2=79.08 mg/dl, T3=81.18 mg/dl and T4=73.70 mg/dl. The average value of hemoglobin levels at T1=10.80 g/dl, T2=10.30 g/dl, T3=11.23 g/dl and T4=10.25 g/dl. The average value of hematocrit levels at T1=31.00%, T2=31.00%, T3=33.75% and T4=30%. The average value of ALT levels at T1=17.90 ml, T2=13.83 ml, T3=18.75 ml and, T4=13.40 ml. The average value of AST level at T1=106.20 ml, T2=88.98 ml, T3=104.40 ml and T4=91.25 ml. There was no significant difference among four treatments (p>0.05). The administration CF did not cause hematological disorders which showed by the blood profiles and liver function were in normal range, so that suggested the CF was appropriate and safe for local sheep. [Keywords––amofer, complete feed, hemoglobin, hematocrit, glucose, liver function]

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Contact Name
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Contact Email
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Phone
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Journal Mail Official
-

Editorial Address
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Location
Kota semarang,

Jawa tengah

INDONESIA