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International Journal of Science and Engineering (IJSE)

ijse
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Published by Universitas Diponegoro

ISSN : - EISSN : - DOI : -

Core Subject : Engineering,

Engineering

The scope of journal covers all area in the application on chemical, physical, mathematical, biological, agricultural, corrossion, and computer science to solve the engineering problems.

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Articles 225 Documents

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Apoptosis of Colorectal Cancer Cell on Sprague-Dawley Rats Induced with 1,2 Dimethylhidrazine and Phyllanthus niruri Linn Extrac Endang Sawitri
International Journal of Science and Engineering Vol 10, No 1 (2016)
Publisher : Chemical Engineering Diponegoro University

Apoptosis cell is one of the main biomolecular predictors to determine kind of treatment given to patient with colorectal cancer and to predict the end result. Phyllanthus niruri Linn (P. niruri L) acts as antineoplastic but its potency on the process of cancer cell apoptosis has not been revealed yet. The objective of the research was to evaluate the apoptosis index of rats with colorectal cancer treated with and without P. niruri L. extract. This research used The Randomized Posttest-Only Control Group Design. As many as 30 male Sprague-Dawley rats were induced with 1,2 DMH 30 mg/kgBW once in every week. Four rats were sacrificed at week 9th, 11th and 13th to be observed the development of colorectal cancer. Induction was then stopped and other 18 rats were randomly located into two groups. The first group was positive control (K+) group consisted of 9 rats without P. niruri extract. The second group (X) was consisted of 9 rats with the application of P.niruri L. extract 13.5 mg/kg per day orally. All rats were terminated on week 19th, tumor lesion was proceed for Histopathology preparations and stained with Kit TUNEL-IHC (Apo-BrdU-IHCTM BioVision Cat #K403) to identify the apoptosis cell. Data were analyzed using unpaired t-test with significant level of p<0.05. The result showed that the average of apoptosis index of X treatment was 2.37 + 0.48 higher than K+ treatment namely 1.45 + 0.41 with a highly significance difference (p=0.000). Phyllanthus niruri L extract increased the apoptosis of colorectal cancer of Sprague-Dawley rats induced with 1,2 Dimethylhidrazine

The Nutrient Potency of Palm Oil Plantation and Mill’s By-product Processed with Amofer Technology as Ruminant Feed Hamdi Mayulu
International Journal of Science and Engineering Vol 6, No 2 (2014)
Publisher : Chemical Engineering Diponegoro University

By-product derived from palm oil plantation and mill is very potential for energy and protein source for ruminant feed. However, it is still underutilized due to low content of crude protein (CP) with high crude fiber (CF). Ammoniation or fermentation technology could optimize the quality of by-product by increasing digestibility, reducing CF and increasing CP content. The objective of this research was to determine the nutrient and potency value of palm oil plantation and mill’s by-product applied with amofer technology for ruminant feed. Sample was prepared in two methods: 1) sample without amofer application, 2) sample with amofer application under anaerobic method and incubated for 18 days. Ammoniation was carried out by adding urea of 3% from the total material and then incubated for nine days. At the ninth day, some microorganisms starter i.e. cellulolytic, amillolytic and proteolytic were added by 1% of the total material. Proximate analysis was carried out in laboratory to examine the nutrient value. The crude protein content at each part of feed material before and after amofer treatment was follow: palm midrib: 3.16%:17%; palm leaves 6.53%:26.51%; empty fruit bunch 7.01%:1673%; palm pressed fiber 5.56%:16.00%. While the crude fiber at each part of feed material was: palm midrib 37.85%:30.86%; palm leaves 30.39%:24.41%; EFB 40.22%:34.98%; PPF 50.39%: 41.70%. The application of amofer could increase the amount of feed material (ton/ha/y): dry matter (DM) 14.82:15.89; CP 0.79:2.87; total digestible nutrient (TDN) 7.63:8.5. Moreover, amofer application could also increase the nutrient content of palm oil plantation and mill’s by-product by increasing CP and reducing CF. This increasing was also followed by the increasing of DM, CP, and TDN which indicated that those feed sources were recommended as ruminant feed material

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International Journal of Science and Engineering Vol 3, No 1 (2012)
Publisher : Chemical Engineering Diponegoro University

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Soil Erosion Assessment of The Post-Coal Mining Site in Kutai Kartanagera District, East Kalimantan Province Zulkarnain Zulkarnain
International Journal of Science and Engineering Vol 7, No 2 (2014)
Publisher : Chemical Engineering Diponegoro University

Besides of its positive economic impact, mining activity has negative impacts to the sustainability of community development and livelihoods as mining reclamation can’t restore the land condition to its original state. The objective of this study was to determine the main factor that caused soil erosion induced in post-coal mining and defined reclamation activity that caused soil erosion. The observed parameters were site reclamation age of each companies, soil physical properties (density, texture, permeability, organic material and soil structure), rainfall rate, soil chemical properties, land cover and age of re-vegetation, plant cover. Analysis was carried out to determine the magnitude of erosion at each site unit, tolerable erosion and potential erosion level. Adequate reclamation action with good vegetative cover could be seen from erosion magnitude at five year reclamation age i.e. 1.7 ton/ha/ year- which lower than tolerable erosion i.e. 5.4 ton/ha/year. While inadequate reclamation action could be seen from erosion magnitude at nine year age of reclamation i.e. 201.1 ton/ha/year1 which higher than tolerable erosion i.e. 15.1 ton/ha/ year1. The erosion magnitude at the four month of reclamation age was 4.966,3 ton/ha with tolerable erosion was 5.3 ton/ha. The erosion magnitude that occurs in post-mining site was due to soil compaction that lowering soil permeability rate leading to slow growing of cover crop. This condition made the soil wasn’t covered from raindrop and water run-off. In order to improve the soil condition of post-mining site into productive land, legume cover crop was recommended to be planted.

Utility of Rice Bran Mixed with Fermentation Extract of Vegetable Waste Unconditioned as Probiotics from Vegetable Market Cahya Setya Utama; Nyoman Suthama; Bambang Sulistiyanto; Bhakti Etza Setiani
International Journal of Science and Engineering Vol 4, No 2 (2013)
Publisher : Chemical Engineering Diponegoro University

The aimed of the study was to enhance utilization of Lactobacillus Sp. and Saccharomyces sp. as starter for fermentation of waste cabbage and green mustard to enhance the utility of rice bran as an ingredient of poultry feed. The first stage of the study was to characterize the extract of fermented wasted vegetable with difference concentration of glucose and different period of time for incubation. Completely randomized design using 3 x 3 factorial with three replications was used for the first stage of the study. The second stage of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the extract of fermented wasted vegetable to improve the quality and utility of rice bran. Completely randomized design with four treatments and 4 replications. The third stage of the study was to obtain the value of nitrogen, calcium and phosphorus retention, as well as metabolic energy of rice bran after fermentation in broiler hatching. The third stage analysis was conducted by t-test analysis. The results of the study showed that the microbial characteristics on the extract of fermented wasted vegetable in two days incubation time and 2% concentration of glucose was able to produce pH of 3.80, log of total lactic acid bacteria 7.38 and types of microbes that grow predominantly were Lactobacillus Sp. and Saccharomyces Sp. The effectiveness of the extract fermented wasted vegetable for the fermentation of rice bran were shown in additional concentration of extract wasted vegetable of 40% with a moisture content of toluene 65.24%, 13.36% ash, 14.93% protein, 7.61% crude fat, 12.39% crude fiber, nitrogen free extract material (NFE) 51.59% and 0.07% biomass. The biological value and the availability of fermented rice bran were higher than unfermented rice bran on the broiler chickens after hatching. The values were justified from nitrogen, calcium and phosphorus retention also metabolic energy. The study concluded that the benefits and utility of rice bran could increased by fermentation using 40% extract of fermented wasted vegetable from vegetable market with 2% glucose concentration and 2 days incubation time.Doi: 10.12777/ijse.4.2.2013.97-102 [How to cite this article: Utama, C.S., Suthama, N., Sulistiyanto, B., Setiani, B.E. (2013). Utility of Rice Bran Mixed with Fermentation Extract of Vegetable Waste Unconditioned as Probiotics from Vegetable Market. International Journal of Science and Engineering, 4(2),97-101. Doi: 10.12777/ijse.4.2.2013.97-102]

Study of Biometric Identification Method Based on Naked Footprint Raji Rafiu King; Wang Xiaopeng
International Journal of Science and Engineering Vol 5, No 2 (2013)
Publisher : Chemical Engineering Diponegoro University

The scale of deployment of biometric identity-verification systems has recently seen an enormous increase owing to the need for more secure and reliable way of identifying people. Footprint identification which can be defined as the measurement of footprint features for recognizing the identity of a user has surfaced recently. This study is based on a biometric personal identification method using static footprint features viz. friction ridge / texture and foot shape / silhouette. To begin with, naked footprints of users are captured; images then undergo pre processing followed by the extraction of two features; shape using Gradient Vector Flow （GVF） snake model and minutiae extraction respectively. Matching is then effected based on these two features followed by a fusion of these two results for either a reject or accept decision. Our shape matching feature is based on cosine similarity while the texture one is based on miniature score matching. The results from our research establish that the naked footprint is a credible biometric feature as two barefoot impressions of an individual match perfectly while that of two different persons shows a great deal of dissimilarity. Doi: 10.12777/ijse.5.2.29-35 How to cite this article: King, R.R. and Xiaopeng, W. (2013). Study of Biometric Identification Method Based on Naked Footprint . International Journal of Science and Engineering, 5(2),18-24. Doi: 10.12777/ijse.5.2.29-35]

Bit Plane Coding based Steganography Technique for JPEG2000 Images and Videos Geeta Kasana; Dr Kulbir Singh; Dr Satwinder Singh Bhatia
International Journal of Science and Engineering Vol 10, No 1 (2016)
Publisher : Chemical Engineering Diponegoro University

In this paper, a Bit Plane Coding (BPC) based steganography technique for JPEG2000 images and Motion JPEG2000 video is proposed. Embedding in this technique is performed in the lowest significant bit planes of the wavelet coefficients of a cover image. In JPEG2000 standard, the number of bit planes of wavelet coefficients to be used in encoding is dependent on the compression rate and are used in Tier-2 process of JPEG2000. In the proposed technique, Tier-1 and Tier-2 processes of JPEG2000 and Motion JPEG2000 are executed twice on the encoder side to collect the information about the lowest bit planes of all code blocks of a cover image, which is utilized in embedding and transmitted to the decoder. After embedding secret data, Optimal Pixel Adjustment Process (OPAP) is applied on stego images to enhance its visual quality. Experimental results show that proposed technique provides large embedding capacity and better visual quality of stego images than existing steganography techniques for JPEG2000 compressed images and videos. Extracted secret image is similar to the original secret image.

Biogas Production From Cassava Starch Effluent Using Microalgae As Biostabilisator B. Budiyono; Tutuk Djoko Kusworo
International Journal of Science and Engineering Vol 2, No 1 (2011)
Publisher : Chemical Engineering Diponegoro University

The rapid growing of Indonesian population is emerging several critical national issues i.e. energy, food, environmental, water, transportation, as well as law and human right. As an agricultural country, Indonesia has abundant of biomass wastes such as agricultural wastes include the cassava starch wastes. The problem is that the effluent from cassava starch factories is released directly into the river before properly treatment. It has been a great source of pollution and has caused environmental problems to the nearby rural population. The possible alternative to solve the problem is by converting waste to energy biogas in the biodigester. The main problem of the biogas production of cassava starch effluent is acid forming-bacteria quickly produced acid resulting significantly in declining pH below the neutral pH and diminishing growth of methane bacteria. Hence, the only one of the method to cover this problem is by adding microalgae as biostabilisator of pH. Microalgae can also be used as purifier agent to absorb CO2.The general objective of this research project was to develop an integrated process of biogas production and purification from cassava starch effluent by using biostabilisator agent microalgae. This study has been focused on the used of urea, ruminant, yeast, microalgae, the treatment of gelled and ungelled feed for biogas production, pH control during biogas production using buffer Na2CO3, and feeding management in the semi-continuous process of biogas production. The result can be concluded as follows: i) The biogas production increased after cassava starch effluent and yeast was added, ii) Biogas production with microalgae and cassava starch effluent, yeast, ruminant bacteria, and urea were 726.43 ml/g total solid, iii) Biogas production without microalgae was 189 ml/g total solid.

DRYING TIME ESTIMATION OF CARRAGEENAN-EGG WHITE MIXTURE AT TRAY DRYER Mohamad Djaeni; Aji Prasetyaningrum; Nurul Asiah; Ratnawati Hartono
International Journal of Science and Engineering Vol 6, No 2 (2014)
Publisher : Chemical Engineering Diponegoro University

The drying is the last step to find carrageenan product. Currently, the carrageenan drying still deals with too long drying time. This because, during the process carrageenan and water forms gel stucture in which hampers the water diffusion to the surface. Foaming agent introduction such as egg white can be considered to break the gel structure and make the drying process being smooth and fast. This paper discusses the effect of egg white as foaming agent on the drying time of carrageenan. In this study, the carrageenan was mixed with egg white to form foam that can break the gel and create the pore for improving the surface area. The carrageenan and egg white mixture was then dried at different air temperature and humidity. Results showed that the drying time was shortened with the presence of egg whiet as well as the increase of air temperature. For example, the drying time at air temperature 80oC with 20 % egg white was about 60 minutes shorter than that of without foam. In addition, the lowering air dehumidification affected the drying time positively.

On the New Algorithm of Testing and Comparing Size Corrected Powers for Testing Multivariate Normality Sima Rani Dey; A.K. Majumder
International Journal of Science and Engineering Vol 3, No 1 (2012)
Publisher : Chemical Engineering Diponegoro University

Parametric models are mainly based on univariate or multivariate normality assumptions. Uniformly most powerful (UMP) test is not available to test multivariate normality. In such a situation, optimal test can be used. But, a very few literature is available on the size corrected power comparison of different multivariate normality tests. In this paper, we propose an algorithm to compare the size corrected powers for testing univariate or multivariate normality. The algorithm can be applied to any existing univariate and multivariate tests, which is the most attractive feature of the proposed new algorithm. We also propose a Cholesky decomposition of the variance-covariance matrix based test, which is simpler than the existing test. Our Monte Carlo simulation study indicates that our proposed and existing tests perform equally in terms of power properties. Keywords— Cholesky decomposition, UMP test, Optimal test, Monte Carlo.

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