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International Journal of Renewable Energy Development
Published by Universitas Diponegoro
ISSN : 22524940     EISSN : 27164519     DOI : https://doi.org/10.14710/ijred
Core Subject : Science,
Chemistry Energy
The scope of journal encompasses: Photovoltaic technology, Solar thermal applications, Biomass, Wind energy technology, Material science and technology, Low energy Architecture, Geothermal energy, Wave and Tidal energy, Hydro power, Hydrogen Production Technology, Energy Policy, Socio-economic on energy, Energy efficiency and management The journal was first introduced in February 2012 and regularly published online three times a year (February, July, October).
Arjuna Subject : Kimia(semua kategori) - Kimia (Lain-Lain)
Articles 573 Documents
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Mathematical Model of the Thermal Performance of Double-Pass Solar Collector for Solar Energy Application in Sierra Leone Bangura, Abu Bakarr Momodu; Hantoro, Ridho; Fudholi, Ahmad; Uwitije, Pierre Damien
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 11, No 2 (2022): May 2022
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ijred.2022.41349

Abstract

The primary aim of this study was to utilize thermal energy for drying applications on March 21 (day of the year, n = 80) for the climatic weather conditions of Freetown, Sierra Leone. We evaluated the heat absorption of a double-pass solar air collector based on its configuration and exterior input variables before it was designed and mounted at the location of interest. This study considered a steady-state heat transfer using the thermal network procedure for thermodynamic modeling of a double-pass solar collector developed for drying and heating purposes. A mathematical model defining the thermophysical collector properties and many heat transfer coefficients is formed and numerically solved for this purpose. Indeed, this helped us generate the hourly temperature of different heat collector components, which aided in the performance evaluation of the system. The impact of the fluid flowing inside the collector on the temperature of the exit air was analyzed. It was observed that a flow rate of 0.02 kg/s produced an output of 91.72°C. The system's thermal efficiency improves with increased flow rate at various solar radiation intensities. It was observed that the thermal efficiency of the collector increases from 29% to 67% at flow rates of 0.01–0.3 kg/s. Collector lengths of 1.4 and 2.4 m are observed to be economically viable. An increase in the flow rate caused an increase on the efficiency. The hourly outputs for the collector components were represented graphically, and the curve patterns were similar to those of previous studies.
Combustion, Physical, and Mechanical Characterization of Composites Fuel Briquettes from Carbonized Banana Stalk and Corncob Ibitoye, Segun Emmanuel; Mahamood, Rasheedat Modupe; Jen, Tien-Chien; Akinlabi, Esther Titilayo
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 11, No 2 (2022): May 2022
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ijred.2022.41290

Abstract

The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has reported that consumption of fossil fuels and their products has contributed about 65% of the global greenhouse gas emission. Therefore, it is expedient to look for alternative energy sources for an eco-friendly environment. The EPA recommended using biomass energy as a promising stabilization option to alleviate global climate change.  This study focused on developing composites fuel briquettes from a blend of carbonized corncob and banana stalk. Carbonization was carried out at 380 oC, while 60 min was adopted as the residence time. Briquettes were manufactured at different blending ratios (90CC:10BS, 80CC:20BS, 70CC:30BS, 60CC:40BS and 50CC:50BS of corncob: banana stalk, respectively) and compaction pressures (50, 70 and 90 kPa) using gelatinized starch as binder. The manufactured briquettes' calculated and actual calorific values varied between 18.98-22.07 MJ/kg and 20.22-23.12 MJ/kg, respectively, while shatter indices were in the range of 38.22-89.34%. The compressed and relaxed densities of the fuel briquettes were in the range of 0.32-1.39 g/cm3 and 0.22-1.02 g/cm3, respectively. The relaxation ratio and water resistance properties varied between 1.11- 2.21 and 11-23 min, respectively. Analyses of the results revealed that compaction pressure, blending ratio, and particle size substantially affect the combustion and physico-mechanical characteristics of the manufactured fuel briquettes. When optimum combustion and physico-mechanical properties are required, a sample made from 90CC:10BS (S1) is recommended for use. The fuel briquettes manufactured in this study possess the required thermal and physico-mechanical properties of solid fuel; therefore, it is recommended for different applications.
Waste-Based Second-Generation Bioethanol: A Solution for Future Energy Crisis Chandrasiri, Yasindra Sandamini; Weerasinghe, W. M. Lakshika Iroshani; Madusanka, D. A. Tharindu; Manage, Pathmalal M.
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 11, No 1 (2022): February 2022
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ijred.2022.41774

Abstract

The demand for more environmentally friendly alternative renewable fuels is growing as fossil fuel resources are depleting significantly. Consequently, bioethanol has attracted interest as a potentially viable fuel. The key steps in second-generation bioethanol production include pretreatment, saccharification, and fermentation. The present study employed simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) of cellulose through bacterial pathways to generate second-generation bioethanol utilizing corncobs and paper waste as lignocellulosic biomass. Mechanical and chemical pretreatments were applied to both biomasses. Then, two bacterial strains, Bacillus sp. and Norcadiopsis sp., hydrolysed the pretreated biomass and fermented it along with Achromobacter sp., which was isolated and characterized from a previous study. Bioethanol production followed by 72 h of biomass hydrolysis employing Bacillus sp. and Norcadiopsis sp., and then 72 h of fermentation using Achromobacter sp. Using solid phase micro extraction combined with GCMS the ethanol content was quantified. SSF of alkaline pretreated paper waste hydrolysed by Bacillus sp. following the fermentation by Achromobacter sp. showed the maximum ethanol percentage of 0.734±0.154. Alkaline pretreated corncobs hydrolyzed by Norcadiopsis sp. yielded the lowest ethanol percentage of 0.155±0.154. The results of the study revealed that paper waste is the preferred feedstock for generating second-generation bioethanol. To study the possible use of ethanol-diesel blends as an alternative biofuel E2, E5, E7, and E10 blend emulsions were prepared mixing commercially available diesel with ethanol. The evaluated physico-chemical characteristics of the ethanol-diesel emulsions fulfilled the Ceypetco requirements except for the flashpoint revealing that the lower ethanol-diesel blends are a promising alternative to transport fuels. As a result, the current study suggests that second generation bioethanol could be used as a renewable energy source to help alleviate the energy crisis..
A Review on the Role and Impact of Typical Alcohol Additives in Controlling Emissions from Diesel Engines Chau, Minh Quang; Le, Van Vang; Le, Tri Hieu; Bui, Van Tam
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 11, No 1 (2022): February 2022
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ijred.2022.42263

Abstract

Today, most of the essential energy needs of humans and production are met by fossil fuels that are expected to be exhausted in the next century. Furthermore, fossil fuels are not renewable and sensitive to the environment. In particular, there is growing concerned about the negative impact of internal combustion engine emissions on climate change and global environmental pollution. Fuel and alcohol-based additives are being considered as good candidates for sustainable alternative fuels used on compression ignition engines. In this review, the different key production pathways and properties of each of the five alcohol additive candidates were discussed. Besides, their effects on the emission characteristics of diesel engines when alcohol additives are added to diesel fuel are also carefully considered. Five candidates including methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, and pentanol have been shown to control pollutants from combustion engines while using alcohol-based additives. This is of great significance in the strategy of coping with the threats of pollution and climate change caused by the operation of transport vehicles
Numerical Modeling of CuInxGa(1-x)Se2/WS2 Thin Solar Cell with an Enhanced PCE Belhadji, Youcef
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 11, No 2 (2022): May 2022
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ijred.2022.38527

Abstract

Designing thin film solar cells with high and stable output performance under different operating points remains a large area of research. In the context of Chalcopyrite-based solar cells (CuInxGa(1-x)Se2) where the buffer layer is CdS, great progress has been made but research is still underway to optimize their performance. Besides the environmental concerns and limiting factors of CdS material, the use or combination of new materials like ZnS, ZnSe and WS2 as a buffer layer is solicited. Due to these attracted optical and crystallographic properties, Tungsten Disulfide: WS2 is solicited during the last years. Through numerical simulation, we investigate in this work the dc parameters of CuInxGa(1-x)Se2/WS2 solar cell with reduced buffer layer thickness of 30 nm. Considering the presence of neutral and divalent defects in the absorber layer, simulations are performed under the impact of temperature, concentration of charge carriers in WS2 layer and light spectrum change. The divalent defects taken into account are: double donors / acceptors and amphoteric having a Gaussian distribution. For more calculation precision and in order to obtain the desired performance of the solar cell, the impact of series and shunt resistors is also considered. In comparison with results reported in previous works, carried out on the CuInxGa(1-x) Se2/WS2 solar cell, a remarkable improvement in the performance of the solar cell is achieved. When temperature increase by 10K, the short circuit current and  open circuit voltage are enhanced by ~0,05mA/cm2 and ~0,0022 respectively. The optimal values of the solar cell parameters obtained in this study are: Jsc≈ 31.0683 (mA/cm2), Voc=1.0173 (V), PCE = 26.72 % and FF=84.54%.
Comparative Study on the Various Hydrolysis and Fermentation Methods of Chlorella vulgaris Biomass for the Production of Bioethanol Megawati, Megawati; Bahlawan, Zuhriyan Ash Shiddieqy; Damayanti, Astrilia; Putri, Radenrara Dewi Artanti; Triwibowo, Bayu; Prasetiawan, Haniif
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 11, No 2 (2022): May 2022
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ijred.2022.41696

Abstract

One of the microalgae that can be potentially used to produce bioethanol is Chlorella vulgaris, as it is rich in carbohydrates. However, the carbohydrates in C. vulgaris cannot be converted directly into ethanol. This study aimed to investigate the chemical and enzymatic hydrolysis of C. vulgaris, which is subsequently followed by fermentation. The catalysts used in the chemical hydrolysis were hydrochloric acid, sodium hydroxide, and potassium hydroxide, while the enzymes used were the mixture of alpha-amylase + glucoamylase, alpha-amylase + cellulase, and alpha-amylase + glucoamylase + cellulase. The hydrolysate obtained from chemical hydrolysis was fermented through Separate Hydrolysis Fermentation (SHF), while the one from enzymatic hydrolysis was fermented through Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation (SSF), in which both processes used S. cerevisiae. After undergoing five hours of enzymatic hydrolysis (using alpha-amylase + glucoamylase), the maximum glucose concentration obtained was 9.24 ± 0.240 g/L or yield of 81.39%.  At the same time and conditions of the substrate on chemical hydrolysis, glucose concentration was obtained up to 9.23 + 0.218 g/L with a yield of 73.39% using 1 M hydrochloric acid. These results indicate that chemical hydrolysis is less effective compared to enzymatic hydrolysis. Furthermore, after 48 hours of fermentation, the ethanol produced from SHF and SSF fermentation methods were 4.42 and 4.67 g/L, respectively, implying that producing bioethanol using the SSF is more effective than the SHF method.
Supply and Demand Characteristics of Palm Kernel Shell as a Renewable Energy Source for Industries Handaya, Handaya; Susanto, Herry; Indrawan, Dikky; Marimin, Marimin
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 11, No 2 (2022): May 2022
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ijred.2022.41971

Abstract

Depleting stockpile of fossil fuels and rising global temperature due to the greenhouse effect are probably the two most threatening factors to civilization sustainability. Converting biomass into a readily available energy source will help reduce dependency on fossil fuels, whilst at the same time moderating greenhouse gas emmissions due to its carbon neutrality. Palm oil industry is the largest source of biomass in Indonesia and the available quantity to be utilized is growing inline with the steady growth of the generating industry. Among various wastes from palm oil processing, palm kernel shell is an oil palm biomass with high potential to be applied as a source of energy, given its high caloric value and distinctive physical properties. This source of renewable energy can be utilized by industries with thermal conversion processes. As a prerequisite, a feasibility study on technical, environmental, and economic aspects needs to be carried out. From long term perspective, supply, demand, and regulatory situational analysis will also be required. Lastly, a review on the existing palm kernel shell supply chain will help to understand its current situation. Based on literature studies and field observations, we have identified supply and demand characteristics that will be valuable in constructing an effective, efficient, and sustainable supply chain model of palm kernel shell. Understanding these characteristics is a precursor in realizing this massive potential of renewable energy source in the industrial context.
Pyrolytic Oil Yield from Waste Plastic in Quezon City, Philippines: Optimization Using Response Surface Methodology Olalo, Joselito Abierta
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 11, No 1 (2022): February 2022
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ijred.2022.41457

Abstract

Plastics play an essential role in packaging materials because of their durability to different environmental conditions. With its importance in the community lies the problem with waste disposal. Plastic is a non-biodegradable material, making it a big problem, especially when thrown in dumpsites. In solving the plastic problem, one efficient way to reduce its volume is through thermal processing such as pyrolysis. This study used the pyrolysis method to recover energy from plastic waste. Liquid oil from plastic was comparable to regular fuel used in powering engines. Before the pyrolysis process, a 3k factorial Box-Behnken Design was used in determining the number of experiments to be used. The output oil yield in each pyrolysis runs was optimized in different parameters, such as temperature, residence time, and particle size using response surface methodology to determine the optimum oil yield.  Between polyethylene (PE), mixed plastic, and polystyrene (PS), PS produced its highest oil yield of 90 %. In comparison, mixed plastic produced only its highest oil yield of 45 % in 500 ºC temperature, 120 min residence time, and 3 cm particle size. The produced quadratic mathematical models in PE, mixed, and PS plastic were significant in which the p-values were less than 0.05. Using mathematical models, the optimum oil yield for PE (467.68 ºC, 120 min residence time, 2 cm particle size), mixed (500 ºC, 120 min residence time, 2.75 cm particle size) and PS plastic (500 ºC, 120 min residence time, 2 cm particle size) were 75.39 %, 46.74 %, and 91.38 %, respectively
Lignocellulosic Bioethanol Production of Napier Grass Using Trichoderma reesei and Saccharomyces cerevisiae Co-Culture Fermentation Mueansichai, Thirawat; Rangseesuriyachai, Thaneeya; Thongchul, Nuttha; Assabumrungrat, Suttichai
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 11, No 2 (2022): May 2022
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ijred.2022.43740

Abstract

Bioethanol from agricultural waste is an attractive way to turn waste into added value that will solve the problem of food competition and waste management. Napier grass is a highly productive and effective lignocellulosic biomass, which is an important substrate of the second-generation biofuels. In addition, several processes are required in the production of ethanol from lignocellulosic materials; thus, co-culture fermentation can shorten the production process. This experimental research utilizes Trichoderma reesei and Saccharomyces cerevisiae co-culture fermentation in the bioethanol production of Napier grass using simultaneous saccharification and fermentation technology. To improve ethanol yield, Napier grass was pretreated with 3% (w/w) sodium hydroxide. An orthogonal experimental design was employed to optimize the Napier grass content, mixed crude co-culture loading, and incubation time for maximum bioethanol production. The results showed that pretreatment increased cellulose contents from 52.85% to 82%. The optimal fermentation condition was 15 g Napier grass, 15 g mixed crude co-culture, and 7 days incubation time, which maximizes the bioethanol yield of 16.90 g/L. Furthermore, the fermentation was upscaled 20-fold, and experiments were performed with and without supplemented sugar using laboratory-scale optimal fermentation conditions. The novelty of this research lies in the use of a mixed crude co-culture of T. reesei and S. cerevisiae to produce bioethanol from Napier grass with the maximum bioethanol concentration of 25.02 and 33.24 g/L under unadded and added sugar conditions and to reduce operational step and capital costs.
Performance and Emission Characteristics of Diesel Engine Using Ether Additives: A Review Doan, Quoc Bao; Nguyen, Xuan Phuong; Pham, Van Viet; Dong, Thi Minh Hao; Pham, Minh Tuan; Le, Tan Sang
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 11, No 1 (2022): February 2022
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ijred.2022.42522

Abstract

Pressure on alternative fuels and strict environmental regulations are driving a strategic shift in the efficient use of renewable biofuels. One of the promising biofuel candidates recently interested by scholars is a biological or organic additive that is added into diesel or biodiesel fuel to improve engine performance and reduce pollutant emissions. With efforts to improve efficiency and combustion quality in cylinders, combustion characteristics, flame structure and emission formation mechanism in compression ignition (CI) engines using blended fuel with organic additives have been studied on the effect of additive properties on the combustion behaviour. In this review, the physicochemical properties of typical organic additives such as ethers compounds and their effects on engine performance and emission characteristics have been discussed and evaluated based on conclusions of recent relevant literature. The results of the analysis revealed the prospect of using ether additives to improve combustion in cylinders and reduce pollutant emissions from CI engines. Obviously, the presence of higher oxygen content, lower viscosity and density, and higher cetane number resulted in a positive change in the combustion dynamics as well as a chain of mechanisms for the formation of pollutant precursors in the cylinder. Therefore, ether additives have a significant contribution to the sustainable energy strategy of the transportation sector in the next period when internal combustion engines still dominate in the competition for energy system choices equipped on vehicles.

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