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International Journal of Renewable Energy Development
Published by Universitas Diponegoro
ISSN : 22524940     EISSN : 27164519     DOI : https://doi.org/10.14710/ijred
Core Subject : Science,
Chemistry Energy
The scope of journal encompasses: Photovoltaic technology, Solar thermal applications, Biomass, Wind energy technology, Material science and technology, Low energy Architecture, Geothermal energy, Wave and Tidal energy, Hydro power, Hydrogen Production Technology, Energy Policy, Socio-economic on energy, Energy efficiency and management The journal was first introduced in February 2012 and regularly published online three times a year (February, July, October).
Arjuna Subject : Kimia(semua kategori) - Kimia (Lain-Lain)
Articles 573 Documents
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Artificial Neural Network Prediction Model of Dust Effect on Photovoltaic Performance for Residential applications: Malaysia Case Study Ahmad, Emy Zairah; Jarimi, Hasila; Razak, Tajul Rosli
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 11, No 2 (2022): May 2022
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ijred.2022.42195

Abstract

Dust accumulation on the photovoltaic system adversely degrades its power conversion efficiency (PCE). Focusing on residential installations, dust accumulation on PV modules installed in tropical regions may be vulnerable due to lower inclination angles and rainfall that encourage dust settlement on PV surfaces. However, most related studies in the tropics are concerned with studies in the laboratory, where dust collection is not from the actual field, and an accurate performance prediction model is impossible to obtain. This paper investigates the dust-related degradation in the PV output performance based on the developed Artificial Neural Network (ANN) predictive model. For this purpose, two identical monocrystalline modules of 120 Wp were tested and assessed under real operating conditions in Melaka, Malaysia (2.1896° N, 102.2501° E), of which one module was dust-free (clean). At the same time, the other was left uncleaned (dusty) for one month. The experimental datasets were divided into three sets: the first set was used for training and testing purposes, while the second and third, namely Data 2 and Data 3, were used for validating the proposed ANN model. The accuracy study shows that the predicted data using the ANN model and the experimentally acquired data are in good agreement, with MAE and RMSE for the cleaned PV module are as low as 1.28 °C, and 1.96 °C respectively for Data 2 and 3.93 °C and 4.92 °C respectively for Data 3.  Meanwhile, the RMSE and MAE for the dusty PV module are 1.53°C and 2.82 °C respectively for Data 2 and 4.13 °C and 5.26 °C for Data 3. The ANN predictive model was then used for yield forecasting in a residential installation and found that the clean PV system provides a 7.29 % higher yield than a dusty system. The proposed ANN model is beneficial for PV system installers to assess and anticipate the impacts of dust on the PV installation in cities with similar climatic conditions.
Investigations on the Influence of Surface Textures on Optical Reflectance of Multi-crystalline Silicone (MC-Si) Crystal Surfaces-Simulations and Experiments Ullattil, Sudeep; Kakkarath, Sudheesh; Viswambharanunnithan, Vinod; Ramannair, Suresh Padiyath
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 11, No 2 (2022): May 2022
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ijred.2022.38538

Abstract

MC-Si is the most widely used material for making solar PV cells. In spite of the considerable research on improving the conversion efficiency of MC-Si solar PV cells still it remains well within the range of 15-20%. Optical reflectance being the major loss of incident solar energy, efforts are being made to reduce the optical reflectance of solar cell surfaces. Among the several methods proposed, creation of well-defined surface topography on the cell surface remains a promising option. Micro/nano level features with various dimensions and distributions have been created on MC-Si crystal surfaces using a femto-second pulsed laser and the influence of surface topography on optical reflectance in the incident light wave length of 350 – 1000 nm have been studied and compared with the simulation results obtained using OPAL2 software. Experimental results indicate that surface textures on the wafer surface lead to the reduction of optical reflectance in the range of 20-35% in comparison with plain surface. Width of micro grooves have less significant effect on the optical reflectance in comparison with pitch between the micro grooves. Best reduction in reflectance is exhibited by the texture having a groove width of 30 mm and a pitch of 100 mm. A post texturing etching operation is found to have detrimental effect on the ability of micro/nano level features in decreasing the optical reflectance in the preferred wavelength of solar spectrum due to the flattening of nano level features created within the micro grooves due to laser texturing.
Sustainable Design of a Near-Zero-Emissions Building Assisted by a Smart Hybrid Renewable Microgrid Esmaeili Shayan, Mostafa; Najafi, Gholamhassan; Ghobadian, Barat; Gorjian, Shiva; Mazlan, Mohamed
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 11, No 2 (2022): May 2022
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ijred.2022.43838

Abstract

Renewable energy regulations place a premium on both the use of renewable energy sources and energy efficiency improvements. One of the growing milestones in building construction is the invention of green cottages. Building Integrated Photovoltaic (BIPV) technologies have been proved to aid buildings that partially meet their energy demand as sustainable solar energy generating technologies throughout the previous decade. Curved facades provide a challenge for typical photovoltaics. This study designed, produced, and assessed elastic solar panels supported by flexible photovoltaic systems (FPVS) on a 1 m2 layer. The LabVIEW program recognizes and transmits online data on warm and dry climates. The fill factor was 88% and 84%, respectively, when installed on the silo and biogas surfaces. The annual energy output was 810 kWh on a flat surface, 960 kWh on a cylindrical surface, and 1000 kWh on a hemisphere surface. Economic analysis indicates that the NPV at Flat surface is $ 697.52, with an IRR of 34.81% and an 8.5-year capital return period. Cylindrical surfaces and hemispheres both get a $ 955.18 increase. For cylindrical and hemispheric buildings, the investment yield was 39.29% and 40.47%, respectively. A 20% increase in fixed investment boosted the IRR by 21.3% in the flat system. While the cylindrical system had a 25.59% raise, the hemisphere saw a 24.58% gain
Thermogravimetric Analysis and Kinetic Study on Catalytic Pyrolysis of Rice Husk Pellet using Its Ash as a Low-cost In-situ Catalyst Wibowo, Wusana Agung; Cahyono, Rochim Bakti; Rochmadi, Rochmadi; Budiman, Arief
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 11, No 1 (2022): February 2022
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ijred.2022.41887

Abstract

The thermogravimetric behaviors and the kinetic parameters of uncatalyzed and catalyzed pyrolysis processes of a mixture of powdered raw rice husk (RRH) and its ash (RHA) in the form of pellets were determined by thermogravimetric analysis at three different heating rates, i.e., 5, 10, and 20 K/min, from 303 to 873 K. This research aimed to prove that the rice husk ash has a catalytic effect on rice husk pyrolysis. To investigate the catalytic effect of RHA, rice husk pellets (RHP) with the weight ratio of RRH:ARH of 10:2 were used as the sample. Model-free methods, namely Friedman (FR), Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS), and Flynn-Wall-Ozawa (FWO), were used to calculate the apparent energy of activation(EA). The thermogravimetric analysis showed that the decomposition of RHP in a nitrogen atmosphere could be divided into three stages: drying stage (303-443 K), the rapid decomposition stage (443-703 K), and the slow decomposition stage (703-873 K). The weight loss percentages of each stage for both uncatalyzed and catalyzed pyrolysis of RHP were 2.4-5.7%, 35.5-59.4%, and 2.9-12.2%, respectively. Using the FR, FWO, and KAS methods, the values of  for the degrees of conversion (a) of 0.1 to 0.65 were in the range of 168-256 kJ/mol for the uncatalyzed pyrolysis and 97-204 kJ/mol for the catalyzed one. We found that the catalyzed pyrolysis led the  to have values lower than those got by the uncatalyzed one. This phenomenon might prove that RHA has a catalytic effect on RHP pyrolysis by lowering the energy of activation.
Planning and Risk Analysis in Projects of Procurement of Agricultural Raw Materials for the Production of Environmentally Friendly Fuel Tryhuba, Anatoliy; Komarnitskyi, Serhii; Tryhuba, Inna; Hutsol, Taras; Yermakov, Serhii; Muzychenko, Andrii; Muzychenko, Tetiana; Horetska, Iryna
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 11, No 2 (2022): May 2022
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ijred.2022.43011

Abstract

The purpose of the research is to substantiate the method of planning the need for technical equipment of corn waste collection projects for the production of environmentally friendly fuel, which is based on simulation of work taking into account the changing design environment.  During the research, the methods of simulation modeling of corn waste collection projects for the production of environmentally friendly fuel were used. The methods of probability theory and mathematical statistics were used, which provided the substantiation of models of natural-climatic and production conditions of corn waste collection projects for the production of environmentally friendly fuel.  As a result of the conducted research the method and statistical simulation model of planning  the need for  technical equipment of projects on collecting the waste of corn for production of environmentally friendly fuel has been  developed. They provided an assessment of the timely implementation of work in selected fields, taking into account the changing design environment, which leads to the risk of the specific cost of corn waste disposal.  A simulated model for the collection of maize waste available for disposal, provided that the balance of organic carbon in the fields is maintained, and tested for adequacy according to the Mann-Whitney test. Based on the use of the developed simulation model, the indicators of the use of technical equipment and the trend of changing the risk of the specific cost of disposal of corn waste are substantiated. Rational scenarios for the implementation of projects for which there are no risks for a given project environment are identified.
Experimental Investigation of Bladeless Power Generator from Wind-induced Vibration La Ode Ahmad Barata; Kiwata Takahiro; Toshiyuki Ueno; Samhuddin Samhuddin; La Hasanudin
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 11, No 3 (2022): August 2022
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ijred.2022.43888

Abstract

The power harvester unit from flow-induced vibration (FIV) was designed to harness energy from low flow velocity based on the magnetostrictive effect on the galfenol (Fe – Ga alloy) strip induced by the oscillating bluff body. This study aimed to investigate the cross-section variation’s effect on the FIV characteristics and the magnetostrictive material’s performance for the bladeless power generator. The generator model’s vibration characteristics and performance tests were conducted in the wind tunnel test using the wind-receiving unit (WRU) variation. The results showed that the resonance reduced-velocity (Vr) were around 3.7 and 4.0 for rectangular and circular cylinders, respectively. Furthermore, the effect of rectangular depth variation on the power generation output is linear to the test models’ displacement rate and vibration frequency. The harvester’s maximum power generation was 5.25 mW, achieved using the rectangular prism with depth D = 0.4H. The power coefficient was also evaluated for different wind-receiving models. The harvester model lit up 54 LED lamps in the wind tunnel test. The voltage output is sufficient to provide electric power resources for an IoT system, sensor, and wearable or wireless devices. The harvester model successfully generated a voltage signal under the initial field test with an ambient wind velocity of 0.9 – 2.71 m/s. Therefore, this study recommends the development of bladeless power generators in the future.
The Effect of Wood Tar and Molasses Composition on Calorific Value and Compressive Strength in Bio-coke Briquetting Erlina Yustanti; Abrar Muharman; Anggoro Tri Mursito
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 11, No 3 (2022): August 2022
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ijred.2022.39298

Abstract

Biomass-based materials have the potential to replace conventional cokes for blast furnaces in the steel manufacturing study. Biomass as a renewable energy source can reduce the consumption of coking coal. The current challenge is saving fossil energy and waste management. The steelmaking industry with environmentally friendly processes and high energy efficiency is expected today. Many researchers have partially developed biomass as an alternative renewable resource to replace fossil fuels. This study aimed to determine the effect of composition the blending ratio of wood tar and molasses as a binder on the calorific value and compressive strength of bio-coke. The carbonization of redwood waste to produce high-quality charcoal was carried out at 500 °C with a kiln rotation speed of 20 rpm and a slope of 5°. The resulting charcoal showed a promising result with a 23.87 MJ/kg calorific value. The carbonization process of the redwood increased the fixed carbon value by up to 130% and the calorific value by 40%. The second part of this study focuses on bio-coke production by blending coking coal with redwood charcoal at 90:10 wt%. The coking coal and the redwood charcoal particle sizes were 40 and 50 mesh, respectively. A 15 wt% binder was added to increase the compressive strength of the bio-coke. The binder composition ratios of molasses: wood tar were 15:0, (12.5:2.5), and 10:5 wt%. The briquette was pressed using a cylinder die with a height: diameter ratio of 2.7:5.0 cm, then compacted up to 20 MPa followed by heating at 1100 °C for four hours. The bio-coke with a binder composition of 2.5 wt% wood tar + 12.5 wt% molasses produced a compressive strength of up to 5.57 MPa with a sulfur content of 0.8 wt% and produced a calorific value of 31.25 MJ/kg with an ash content of 9.6%. The study showed that the bio-coke produced meets some requirements for steelmaking industry.
The Impact of Electrical Energy Consumption on the Payback Period of a Rooftop Grid-Connected Photovoltaic System: A case Study from Vietnam Ngo, Xuan Cuong; Do, Nhu Y
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 11, No 2 (2022): May 2022
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ijred.2022.42981

Abstract

Recently, the use of small-scale grid-connected photovoltaic (GCPV) systems for households has been growing in Vietnam. The installation of a rooftop GCPV system provides many benefits to households, such as lowering monthly electricity bills, reducing absorbed heat of the building, and creating additional income by penetrating electric power to the grid. However, the technical issues of the payback period is complicated and requires a lot of considerations. The main goal of this study is to develop a computational model and investigate the effect of electrical energy consumption on the payback period of rooftop GCPV systems. A case study is used in this study to create a model of a rooftop GCPV system for households in north-central Vietnam under feed-in tariff (FiT) schemes. The results show that the investment rate and electrical energy consumption of the installed household have a strong influence on the payback period of the GCPV system. In the case of the lowest investment rate of 666.4 USD/kWp, the fastest payback period is 43 months for households consuming all of the generating energy of the GCPV system, and the longest payback period is 131 months for households that do not use electricity, implying that all of the generating energy of the GCPV system is connected and sold to the distribution grid. The research findings will actively assist in calculating the installed capacity suitable for households in order to have the most suitable payback period while also assisting policymakers in the future in setting a reasonable rate of feed-in tariff for rooftop GCPV systems
A Green Heterogeneous Catalyst Production and Characterization for Biodiesel Production using RSM and ANN Approach Aditya Kolakoti; Muji Setiyo; Muhammad Latifur Rochman
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 11, No 3 (2022): August 2022
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ijred.2022.43627

Abstract

In this work, naturally available moringa oleifera leaves (also known as horseradish trees or drumstick trees) are chosen as a heterogeneous catalyst in the transesterification for biodiesel production from palm oil. The dry moringa oleifera leaves are calcinated at 700 °C for 3 hours to improve their adsorbing property. The calcinated catalyst characterization analysis from XRD and EDX highlights the presence of calcium, potassium, and other elements. Response surface method (RSM) optimization and artificial neural network (ANN) modeling were carried out to elucidate the interaction effect of significant process variables on biodiesel yield. The results show that a maximum biodiesel yield of 92.82% was achieved at optimum conditions of catalyst usage (9 wt.%), molar ratio, methanol to triglyceride (7:1), temperature (50 °C) and reaction time (120 min). The catalyst usage (wt.%) was identified as a significant process variable, followed by the molar ratio. Furthermore, the biodiesel’s significant fuel properties in terms of thermal, physical, chemical, and elemental match the established standards of ASTM. Finally, when the catalyst was reused for five cycles, more than 50% of the biodiesel yield was achieved.
MATLAB/Simulink Based Instantaneous Solar Radiation Modeling, Validation and Performance Analysis of Fixed and Tracking Surfaces for the Climatic Conditions of Lahore City, Pakistan Naseer Ahmad
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 11, No 3 (2022): August 2022
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ijred.2022.38748

Abstract

Mathematical modeling, simulation and experimental validation of instantaneous solar radiation is conducted in this article. The input parameters of the developed model are solar constant, latitude & longitude of the selected site, collector surface azimuth and elevation angle. The whole model is developed in MATLAB/Simulink and plots global radiation for any selected day of the year. To validate the model, actual data from RETScreen (energy management software) is taken and compared with the predicted data from developed model. During the whole year the predicted specific insolation is 226.65 MJ/m2/day and actual is 202.14 MJ/m2/day. The percentage error of the predicted data is 10.8% higher than the actual data. The validated model is used to calculate the monthly received solar radiation energy for the fixed surface and tracking surface. The yearly harvested solar energy by horizontal, yearly and monthly optimal tilt surfaces are 6828 MJ/m2, 7405 MJ/m2 and 7761 MJ/m2 respectively. Yearly insolation gain of the yearly optimal tilt and monthly optimal tilt collector surface is 8% and 14% as compared to the energy harvested by horizontal surface. For the single and dual axis tracking surfaces, yearly harvested energy is 8843 MJ/m2 and 9374 MJ/m2 respectively and this figure is 30% and 37% more as compared to the horizontal surface. If the insolation received by yearly optimal tilt is considered as reference value, then energy gain for monthly tilt, single and dual axis tracking is recorded as 5%, 19% and 27% respectively

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